Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1964. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (99-102).

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon Natal, 2000. / The purpose of this placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of homoeopathic simillimum treatment of common and flat verrucae, in terms of its clinical manifestations, and the patient's perception to the treatment. It was hypothesized that the patients treated with homoeopathic simillimum would respond favourably in terms of the presenting condition and that their perception of the treatment received would be positive. The study was a clinical trial, in which a placebo group was compared with an experimental group. Convenience sampling was used to gather patients for the trial. Volunteers responded to advertisements that had been placed in various advertising media. Thirty patients were selected from the Greater Durban area. The subjects were of both sexes, all race groups and over ten years of age. The thirty subjects were assessed and if they complied with the criteria for the admissibility of a subject they were accepted into the study. The subjects were divided into two groups, one experimental and the other placebo, according to simple random sampling. The study was conducted under a double-blind protocol that lasted for three months for each patient. The patients were required to complete a Patient Perception Questionnaire during each follow-up consultation in the presence of the researcher. Results were statistically analyzed using the Analysis of Variance test, the Mann-Whitney Utest (inter-group comparison), the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test (intra-group comparison) and the Correlation test. / M

Thesis (doctoral)--Ludwig-Maxilimilians-Universität zu München, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

M.Tech. / Verrucae vulgaris, commonly known as warts are benign growths due to infection with papillomaviruses, which occur mainly on the hands and feet (Gawkrodger, 2002). Verrucae are caused by a virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV) (Fitzpatrick and Aeling, 2001). Verrucae are a common skin problem, which account for approximately 5%-10% of the skin conditions seen in patients in many countries. The peak incidence ranging between the ages of 12 and 16, rarely being found in infants and the elderly (Gibbs and Degreef, 1997). Thuja occidentalis is a common homoeopathic remedy that has historically been used for the treatment of wart-like excrescences on cutaneous surfaces of the skin (Vermeulen, 1994). Based on homoeopathic principles, the toxicological symptoms of this remedy gives the therapeutic indications for which it is prescribed. Ricini oleum, commonly known as castor oil, for which there is an unknown mode of action, has been recommended for various cutaneous complaints, when applied externally (Grieves and Leyel, 1998). To date insufficient research has been conducted to confirm the effects of Thuja occidentalis and Ricini oleum on verrucae vulgaris. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of homoeopathically prepared, externally applied, Thuja occcidentalis 6cH and Ricini oleum 6cH, in the treatment of common warts, verrucae vulgaris. The study was a contextual, placebo controlled, double-blind research study. Forty-five participants ranging from 5 to 60 years old were recruited for this study. Participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected (Appendix A). Suitable participants completed a consent form, explaining all aspects of the study (Appendix B). Participants were required to complete a participant profile form, as well as an initial subjective questionnaire after which they were randomly placed into one of three treatment groups (Appendix C). Each participant was given a 25ml amber glass dropper bottle, which contained either Thuja occidentalis 6cH, Ricini oleum 6cH or the placebo. The placebo group was shared with another researcher conducting a similar study. The solutions were administered topically; two drops twice daily v and treatment lasted for ten days. A maximum of two verrucae were treated throughout the study and these lesions were kept covered at all times with a waterproof elastoplaster. Changes in symptoms were documented according to a questionnaire (Appendix D). The verrucae being treated were evaluated on three occasions; one day prior to commencement of the clinical trial, on day five of the trial, as well as on day ten. Each assessment involved photographs and physical measurements of the verrucae, as well as a subjective questionnaire, that the participant was requested to complete. The results were statistically analysed in terms of change in length, width and height of the verrucae. Results for the categorical responses were cross-tabulated with the respective treatments and chi-square tests were performed to compare efficacy of treatments. For the measured responses, the Friedman two-way analysis of verrucae was used to compare the responses to each treatment i.e. before, during and after each treatment. Based on the outcomes of this study, it was revealed that all three treatment groups responded with significant results, in terms of a decrease in overall size of the verrucae lesions. Two of the experimental groups, namely the Thuja occidentalis 6cH and the Ricini oleum 6cH groups, illustrated an overall decrease in size of verrucae from the start to the end of the clinical trial. The placebo group yielded the smallest decrease in overall size of verrucae, during this study. None of the participants noticed a change in their emotional status or physical status, while participating in the clinical trial. The duration of the trial was not sufficiently long enough. In addition, further research into this topic is required to assess whether the observations that were made in this study would result in eventual cure of the condition.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Diploma in Technology: Homeopathy, Technikon Natal, Durban, 1994. / The atm of this study was to determine if homeopathy has a role to play in the treatment of warts. This study focuses only on external warts (excluding genital warts). A sample of thirty patients was taken from the greater Durban area, and from this sample fifteen were treated with Homeopathic simillimum treatment and the remaining fifteen received placebo treatment. The study was conducted using the double blind protocol with all medications being prepared and dispensed by a neutral homeopathic pharmacist. Every twenty SIX days for the duration of the six month trial, patients' warts were photographed and questionnaires completed, regarding the patients' perception to the treatment. The study was divided into three sections viz. Subproblem one, two and three. Subproblem one was the objective analysis of the treatment by means of colour photography. Trace outlines of the warts from the photographs were scanned onto a computer which calculated the surface area of the warts. Each group (i.e. the control and treatment group) was then compared with themselves (i.e. before and after treatment) using the paired T-test, With the control group p= 0.670, indicating there was no statistically significant difference. With the treatment group p = 0.264, indicating there was no statistically significant difference. When comparing the surface area of the warts treated with homeopathy as opposed to those treated with placebo using the unpaired T-test no significant difference was found between the two groups (p= 0.947). Subproblem two was concerned with the subjective analysis of the treatment by measuring the patients perception to the treatment with a questionnaire. Each .group was then compared with themselves (i.e.before and after treatment) using the paired T-test. With the control group p = 0.623, indicating there was no statistically significant difference. With the treatment group p= 0.1002, indicating there was no statistically significant difference between the beginning and end of the treatment (although this value was closer to 0.05 than the Il value of the control group and thus more significant). When comparrug the patients perception to the treatment of those treated with homeopathy as opposed to those treated with placebo using the unpaired T-test p= 0.947, indicating there was not a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Subproblem three was a comparative analysis of subproblem one and two. There was a positive correlation between the wart surface area and the patients perception to the treatment with those patients recervmg Homeopathic treatment (p= 0.0225, Jr= 0.8246). 60% of the treatment group patients improved, 20% worsened and there was no agreement between subproblem one and two with 20%. There was a poor correlation between the wart surface area and the patients perception to the treatment with those patients receiving Placebo treatment (p= 0.9957, r= 0.0025). 33.33% of the control group patients improved, 46.67% worsened and there was no agreement between subproblem one and two with 20%. It was thus concluded that although there was not a statistically significant difference between the control and treatment groups, there was a difference measured (as can be seen considering the frequency of occurrences) and therefore homeopathy does have a role to play in the treatment of warts. / M

Thesis (M.Sc. Med.) (Epidemiology and Biostatistics))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2014. / Introduction Ano-genital warts affect at least 30 million people worldwide. Ano-genital warts are caused by low risk Human Papilloma virus infections in 90% of cases. In African populations the ano-genital warts have not been adequately investigated thus our main goal was to highlight the factors associated with the occurrence of ano-genital warts among HIV infected individuals. Studies in both men and women have shown that the likelihood of getting anogenital warts is significantly increased when one is infected with HIV hence the need to investigate in this population. More over data suggests that HPV infection occur more frequently among HIV infected individuals because of the HIV associated CD4+ T-cell immune-suppression. Methods We conducted an analytical cross sectional study of routinely collected secondary medical data from Ward 21 ART clinic at the Hillbrow community centre in Hillbrow Johannesburg central. Our study participants were all HIV infected patients 16 years and older who attended the ART clinic between 01 January 2009 and 31 December 2011 and were recorded in the therapy edge database. Our outcome was clinically diagnosed ano-genital warts. We analysed data using the Chi squared test or Fischers exact test to make comparisons in bivariate analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with ano-genital warts. Factors assessed were other STIs namely syphilis, herpes simplex virus type 2 and scabies as well as age, gender, first CD4 and employment status and ART status of a patient. The Models were assessed using the linktest and the Hosmer Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Results Ano-genital warts (AGWs) prevalence was 4% (251 out of 6634) among females and 3% (118 out 4116) among males. Prevalence of AGWs in both females and males decreased with increasing age. In females the prevalence was between 1% and 8% and in males it was between 1% and 4%. The odds of having ano-genital warts among females if one was above 25 years ranged from 1.6 to 18.3, showing an upward trend. Among females a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/ml3 was also associated with ano-genital warts occurrence, OR 1.32(1.02 - 1.72). Among males the odds of having ano-genital warts if one was not on ART were 1.53 (1.01 – 2.31) times when compared to those who were on ART. Discussion and Conclusion Prevalence of genital warts was highest among the younger age groups in both males and females and it decreased with increasing age consistent with literature. Age was strongly associated with ano-genital warts and the association became stronger with increasing age among females while no association was found among males. In line with findings from other studies we found low CD4 count of ≤ 200 cells/m3 to be associated with ano-genital warts in HIV positive females; however it was a weak association. Among males a weak association between ART status and ano-genital warts was established and none in females. This is consistent with the fact that in the post ART era there has been no substantial decline in HPV infections.

The thesis uses mathematical modeling and analysis to provide insights into the transmission dynamics of Human papillomavirus (HPV), and associated cancers and warts, in a community. A new deterministic model is designed and used to assess the community-wide impact of mass vaccination of new sexually-active susceptible females with the anti-HPV Gardasil vaccine. Conditions for the existence and asymptotic stability of the associated equilibria are derived. Numerical simulations show that the use of Gardasil vaccine could lead to the effective control of the spread of HPV in the community if the vaccine coverage is at least 78%. The model is extended to include the dynamics of the low- and high-risk HPV types and the combined use of the Gardasil and Cervarix anti-HPV vaccines. Overall, this study shows that the prospect of the effective community-wide control of HPV using the currently-available anti-HPV vaccines are encouraging.

The thesis uses mathematical modeling and analysis to provide insights into the transmission dynamics of Human papillomavirus (HPV), and associated cancers and warts, in a community. A new deterministic model is designed and used to assess the community-wide impact of mass vaccination of new sexually-active susceptible females with the anti-HPV Gardasil vaccine. Conditions for the existence and asymptotic stability of the associated equilibria are derived. Numerical simulations show that the use of Gardasil vaccine could lead to the effective control of the spread of HPV in the community if the vaccine coverage is at least 78%. The model is extended to include the dynamics of the low- and high-risk HPV types and the combined use of the Gardasil and Cervarix anti-HPV vaccines. Overall, this study shows that the prospect of the effective community-wide control of HPV using the currently-available anti-HPV vaccines are encouraging.

No description available.