The sugar refinery process used by Lantic Sugar Ltd generates three by-products having characteristics that give them potential as soil amendments or fertilizers, particularly as a phosphorous and calcium source. Laboratory and a field trials were conducted in order to examine the changes in agronomic properties of soil produced by the application of these residues. / During the laboratory experiment, the by-products examined were spend bone char (SBC), filter-press mud (FPM), clarification scum (SCU) and a compost (COM) produced using FPM and SCU, where as in a field experiment, COM, SBC and a mixture (MIX) made of FPM and SCU, were compared to a commercial fertilizer (TSP) and non-treated soils. / The orthic humic gleysol of clay texture and low pH soil conditions in which the field experiment was conducted resulted in high P fixation of all the applied residues. Contrasts analysis showed that TSP behaved as the soils unamended P for all nutrient concentrations in tissues over two cropping seasons (1993 and 1994), on two crops, namely wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) and corn (Zea mays, L.). Treatments (residues at different rates of application) did not significantly increase the Ca levels in COM plots nor did they increase the wet aggregate stability of soil under either crop. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Fertilizer P fixation and fertilizer N losses in soils may be reduced through additions of polyphenolic compounds. The influence of ammonium lignosulfonate (NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS) on triple superphosphate (TSP) efficiency was investigated in a soil incubation study using three Quebec soils and in a growth bench study using one soil. For the incubation study, soils were analyzed for pH and P extractability, as a function of NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS rate and time. In the growth bench study, TSP and NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS were applied at varying rates and corn (Zea mays L.) dry matter yields and nutrient compositions analyzed. Similar studies were conducted in subsequent growth bench studies, to evaluate combinations of NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS, diammonium phosphate (DAP), and urea on two soils. / Ammonium LS increased soluble P levels when applied with TSP. The effect was most significant in fine textured soils, and increased with time. This improved P availability to plants, without affecting growth. The optimum NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS:P$ sb2$O$ sb5$ application ratio was approximately 2.8:1. Ammonium LS did not improve availability of DAP-P in either of the subsequent experiments, nor did it improve urea fertilizer efficiency. Some NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS-urea-DAP formulations did, however, improve corn growth beyond that obtained when only urea and DAP were applied in combination. In nutrient amended soils, applying NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS DAP was detrimental to growth and, for some application rates, reduced nutrient uptake.

No description available.

No description available.

Orientador: Durval Rodrigues de Paula Júnior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T21:52:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gurgel_MarcilioNogueiradoAmaral_D.pdf: 4124477 bytes, checksum: 5c8beedfa9b476aa7ce8ff36a49e6592 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Com o objetivo de propor uma tecnologia para utilização de resíduos da agroindústria sucroalcooleira como vantagens do processo de concentração da vinhaça, avaliou-se o biofertilizante organomineral (BIOFOM). O BIOFOM é formulado com vinhaça concentrada, torta de filtro, cinzas de caldeira e fuligem das chaminés e complementado com fertilizantes minerais, para a obtenção de formulações equivalentes às utilizadas na adubação convencional da cana de açúcar. O estudo contemplou a caracterização e análise do potencial agronômico em um Estudo de Caso envolvendo uma planta teste (milho), observando as diferenças entre os tratamentos (adubação com fertilizante mineral versus adubação com BIOFOM), até 45 dias após a semeadura. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Ciência do Solo (Universidade de São Paulo), em Piracicaba, SP, em 2008. A tecnologia adotada para concentrar a vinhaça baseou-se na evaporação do resíduo pelo processo de 'névoa turbulenta', com elevados coeficientes de troca térmica. Nesse processo, os evaporadores são de múltiplo efeito a vácuo, integrado ao processo industrial, sendo que esses evaporadores utilizam diversas fontes de calor já disponíveis na usina. O volume de vinhaça gerado diminui sobremaneira, sem aumento do consumo de vapor da destilaria. O biofertilizante organomineral (BIOFOM) foi originado desse processo, que pode ser formulado de acordo com as necessidades da cultura. Observou-se que o BIOFOM pode substituir, a utilização do fertilizante mineral, sendo que alguns tratamentos tiveram o mesmo desempenho do fertilizante mineral. O produto reduz a geração de resíduos da agroindústria sucroalcooleira, aproveitando-os racionalmente, além de contemplar a legislação ambiental vigente / Abstract: With the purpose of proposing a technology to use waste from sugarcane industry as advantages of the vinasse concentration process, the organomineral biofertilizer BIOFOM was evaluated. The BIOFOM is made with concentrated stillage, filter cake, boiler ash and soot from chimneys and supplemented with mineral fertilizers, to obtain formulations equivalent to those used in conventional fertilization of sugarcane. The study included the characterization and analysis of agronomic potential in a case study involving a plant test (corn), noting the differences among treatments (fertilization with mineral fertilizers versus BIOFOM fertilization) until 45 days after sowing. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Soil Science Department (University of São Paulo), in Piracicaba, SP, in 2008. The technology used was based on the vinasse evaporation through 'Turbulent Mist', with high heat transfer coefficients. In this process the multiple effect vacuum evaporators are integrated into the manufacturing process, and these evaporators use different heat sources already available in the mill. The volume of stillage generated is reduced significantly without increasing the consumption of steam in the distillery. This process originated the organomineral biofertilizer (BIOFOM), which can be formulated according to the needs of the crop. It was observed that the BIOFOM replaced, in many cases, the use of a mineral fertilizer, and some treatments had similar pattern of the mineral fertilizer. That organomineral biofertilizer reduces the waste generation from the sugarcane industry, using it rationally, and also contemplates the environmental regulations / Doutorado / Agua e Solo / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Orientador: Bruno Coraucci Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T02:51:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Etto_ThiagoLuiz_M.pdf: 1358242 bytes, checksum: 3752bef8769fe4b8d55034f2bc3589b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Devido à crescente preocupação ambiental é esperado um aumento de estações de tratamento de esgoto, e consequentemente dos resíduos por essas gerados. Dentre as formas de destinação final para tal resíduo, destaca-se a incorporação de lodo no solo que atualmente, é regulamentada pela Resolução Conama nº 375 de agosto de 2006 que estabelece os critérios e procedimentos, para aplicação de lodo de esgoto na agricultura. Diversos estudos mostram que a incorporação de lodo na melhora as características físicas e estruturais do solo, além de prover maior quantidade de macro e micronutriente para as plantas que. Atualmente, a incorporação de lodo é calculada com base somente no teor de nitrogênio, sem considerar a quantidade de fósforo a ser incorporada. Apesar desse elemento ser essencial para o desenvolvimento dos vegetais, seu aporte excessivo no meio ambiente pode ocasionar impactos ambientais, especialmente em ambientes aquáticos, onde o elemento provoca a eutrofização. Outro elemento que pode ser acrescido no solo por meio da incorporação de resíduos e pode ser prejudicial às plantas é o sódio. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho se propôs a avaliar as alterações na dinâmica do fósforo e do sódio em solos que receberam a aplicação de lodo de tanque séptica na quantidade 0,0M, 1,0N, 2,0N e 3,0N, correspondente em massa a 0, 2, 4 e 6%, respectivamente. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a incorporação de lodo de tanque séptico provocou o incremento da capacidade máxima de adsorção até um limitante que possivelmente é dado pela saturação dos sítios de adsorção. Foi constatado também que a incorporação do lodo aumenta a fração mais biodisponível de fósforo. Quanto ao sódio, seus teores foram acrescidos significativamente, todavia, os valores do percentual de sódio trocável - PST e a razão de adsorção de sódio - RAS se manteve. Assim, o trabalho conclui que a incorporação de lodo de tanque séptico é interessante, uma vez que contribui para a melhoria da fertilidade do solo, em especial, a disponibilidade de fósforo para as culturas, e, apesar de aumentar o sódio trocável, pode não alterar a PST e a RAS / Abstract: Due to growing environmental concern is expected a sewage treatment plants, increase and consequently solid waste generated by them. Among the forms of disposal for such waste, highlights the incorporation of sludge in soil that is currently regulated by CONAMA Resolution 375 of August 2006 establishing criteria and procedures for application of sewage sludge in agriculture. Several studies show that the incorporation of slime improves the physical and structural characteristics of soil, and provide large quantity of macro-and micro-nutrient for plants. Currently, the incorporation of sludge is calculated based only on the content of nitrogen, without regarding the amount of phosphorus being incorporated. Although this element is essential to plants development, their contribution to excessive environmental impacts can especially result in aquatic environments, where the element causes eutrophication. Another element may be added into the soil through the incorporation of residues and may be harmful to plants is sodium. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the changes in the dynamics of phosphorus and sodium in soils which was amended with the application of septic tank sludge amount in 0.0 N, 1.0 N, 2.0 N and 3.0 N, corresponding mass at 2, 4 and 6%, respectively. According to the results, the incorporation of septic tank sludge has caused the increase of the maximum adsorption capacity to a limiter which is possibly given by the saturation of the adsorption sites. It was also found that the incorporation of sludge increases more bioavailable fraction of phosphorus. As the sodium content was significantly increased, however, the values of exchangeable sodium percentage - ESP and sodium adsorption ratio - SAR remained. Thus, the paper concludes that the incorporation of septic tank sludge is interesting, since it contributes to improving the soil fertility, in particular, the availability of phosphorous for crops and, despite increasing the exchangeable sodium cannot change the PST and the RAS / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil