Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009. / Full text also available online. Scroll down for electronic link.

<p>A comparative study of electrolysers using different anodic materials for the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride) for the production of sodium hypochlorite as a source of available chlorine for disinfection of rural water supplies has been undertaken. The electrolyser design used was tubular in form, having two chambers i.e. anode inside and cathode outside, separated by a tubular inorganic ceramic membrane. The anode was made of titanium rod coated with a thin layer of platinum and a further coat of metal oxide. The cathode was made of stainless steel wire. An assessment of these electrolysers was undertaken by studying the effects of some variable parameters i.e.current, voltage and sodium chloride concentration. The cobalt electrolyser has been shown to be superior as compared to the ruthenium dioxide and manganese dioxide electrolysers in terms of hypochlorite generation. Analysis of hydroxyl radicals was undertaken since there were claims that these are produced during brine electrolysis. Hydroxyl radical analysis was not successful, since sodium hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid interfere using the analytical method described in this study.</p>

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2007 / This qualitative study investigated the impact of water problems on the development of Mhangweni community in Limpopo Province. The study also assessed the Greater Tzaneen Municipality strategies for addressing water problems in the community. Mhangweni village is within the Greater Tzaneen Municipality’s area of jurisdiction and is about 34 km east of Tzaneen. Questionnaires, observation and informal discussions from the sample were used to collect data. Eighty households from Mhangweni residents, the municipality officials and the community ward councilor were sampled. Water shortage is a serious challenge facing the households from this area. It is heart breaking as the results showed that the households of Mhangweni do not receive regular municipal water services. Households suffer economically in order to have access to water; as a result they are financially affected due to buying of water. The Greater Tzaneen Municipality must find a common ground and strategy to serve the long term interest of the Mhangweni households, that is, to provide them with regular water services. Development of a shared vision among all stakeholders has been seen as a prerequisite for the improvement in provision of services in the community. In conclusion the study suggests and recommends that the community households and the municipality must work together in order to satisfy needs of the community.

Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009. / Mode of access: Internet. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 21, 2010. Major professor: Dr. Tryg Lundquist. "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Civil and Environmental Engineering." "December 2009." Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-219).

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1997. / BLDSC reference no.: DX206801.

Although Texas is a water reclamation leader in the country for quantity of water reclaimed, it falls behind both California and Florida in residential applications. The concept of residential reuse has some barriers to overcome prior to implementation on a broad scale in Texas. The two case studies, St. Petersburg, Florida, and the El Dorado Irrigation District of El Dorado County, California, describe extensive reuse programs in response not only to impending water shortages but also to effluent disposal limitation requirements. Major factors that limit residential reuse in Texas include the following: cost, expediency and negative public perception. Two other considerations exist when determining the feasibility of implementing residential reuse: income level and irrigation needs. Most of the successful reuse programs examined were for higher income areas. Also, irrigation expectations and needs of the residences play a major factor in the success of the program. In arid environments planted with drought-tolerant plants, landscape irrigation becomes less of a priority. Further limitations that specifically affect Texas’ expanding its water reclamation programs include the legal issues of existing water rights and direct versus indirect reuse. / text

Good water quality is very central to a country's wellbeing. Clean water is required to ensureboth the health of the population and good ecological status of the country. It is thereforeimportant to continually conduct surveys to determine the status of the water used in, forexample, households, industries and agriculture.Elevated levels of metals, sulphate, nitrate and phosphate in drinking water can lead to poorhealth through consumption and reduced harvest when the water is used in irrigation.This report aimed at examining whether the water resources available in the vicinity of Njuliquarry in Chiradzulo, Malawi, meet the requirements of drinking and irrigation water. Thestudy found that most of the studied parameters were within the recommendations set by theMalawi Bureau of Standards (MBS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). However,conductivity in some of the water samples was higher than the recommendations. Both nitrateand iron concentrations were higher than recommended at a few locations.The study cannot conclude that the water from the water sources near the Njuli quarry containharmful levels of metals, nitrate, sulfate or phosphate.

<p>A comparative study of electrolysers using different anodic materials for the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride) for the production of sodium hypochlorite as a source of available chlorine for disinfection of rural water supplies has been undertaken. The electrolyser design used was tubular in form, having two chambers i.e. anode inside and cathode outside, separated by a tubular inorganic ceramic membrane. The anode was made of titanium rod coated with a thin layer of platinum and a further coat of metal oxide. The cathode was made of stainless steel wire. An assessment of these electrolysers was undertaken by studying the effects of some variable parameters i.e.current, voltage and sodium chloride concentration. The cobalt electrolyser has been shown to be superior as compared to the ruthenium dioxide and manganese dioxide electrolysers in terms of hypochlorite generation. Analysis of hydroxyl radicals was undertaken since there were claims that these are produced during brine electrolysis. Hydroxyl radical analysis was not successful, since sodium hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid interfere using the analytical method described in this study.</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Arizona, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D. - Microbiology and Immunology)--University of Arizona, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-126).