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Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an old technology matrix with new concept to mitigate climate change while utilizing fossil fuels by advancing the technology. The various level of advancement in technology has been successfully demonstrated in some part of the world. However the technology has inherent uncertainty of not having commercial CCS plant. Efforts to make CCS commercially viable unfold uncertainties in numerous aspects of CCS technology. Beside the uncertainties in technology many barriers restrain CCS to become a successful climate mitigation technology. However the growing energy demand and urgent need to mitigate climate change through emission reduction favours CSS as transition to clean energy production. FutureGen 2.0 is the only large commercial scale CCS project, initiated in 2003 to test the commercial viability of the technology and to meet the U.S energy demands besides emission reductions target. The project resurrection in 2010 as FutureGen 2.0 after FutureGen termination in 2008 provides an opportunity to understand and analyse numerous uncertainties. However through document analysis only major three uncertainties i.e. policy and regulatory, economic and financial and public acceptance uncertainties are identified and analysed. The interlinkages between these uncertainties are also analysed. The study results show that above uncertainties constrained the project engendering new uncertainties i.e. timeframe uncertainties. This study also provides an insight about the sustainability implication of CCS by evaluating economic, environmental and social impact of CCS technology. It is still early to term the CCS as Sustainable technological innovation however for many years CCS would upset and restrain investment in other clean energy technologies like Renewable technology system. This study gives an input in sustainability of CCS and technological assessment study. This study is helpful in managing uncertainties and planning new CCS projects.

Le choc laser est un procédé de plus en plus répandu qui utilise l’énergie laser pour générer des ondes de choc et inclure des effets mécaniques dans les matériaux ciblés. Lorsque l’énergie laser est absorbée par la cible, un plasma d’interaction est créé à la surface du matériau. Ce plasma, lors de sa détente, génère une onde de choc qui se propage. Les travaux effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse s’inscrivent donc dans une démarche globale de compréhension des phénomènes liés à l’interaction laser-matière. Dans le domaine des ondes de choc générées par laser, on peut distinguer deux procédés : Le traitement de surface par choc laser (LSP - Laser Shock Peening) et le test d’adhérence par choc laser (LASAT - LASer Adhesion Technique). Aujourd’hui la question se pose sur les limitations des procédés de choc par laser et sur les solutions à mettre en place pour pallier à ces limitations. Des idées sur l’amélioration des confinements, comme substitution à l’eau, ou encore l’optimisation des revêtements protecteurs ont été proposées. Par ailleurs, au cours de ces travaux de thèse, l’utilisation de deux impulsions laser a permis, dans le cas du procédé LASAT, l’optimisation de la traction générée aux interfaces des multimatériaux et ainsi de rendre le procédé plus robuste. De plus, dans le cas du procédé LSP, les aspects de rentabilité liés à la cadence de traitement ont été étudiés. Finalement, que ce soit pour les décalages en temps faibles (entre 0 et 1000 ns) ou bien les décalages importants (entre 200µs à 200ms), l’étude des phénomènes liés à l’interaction laser-matière a permis de franchir certaines limitations pour les deux procédés. / The laser shock wave generation is a novel process becoming more and more common. The shock waves are used to generate mechanicals effects in the sample. The laser absorption results in the creation of a plasma at the surface. This plasma during its expansion creates a shock wave propagating through the sample. This work aims to study the various phenomena involved in the laser-matter interaction. In the field of laser generated shock waves, two different processes exist: the Laser Shock Peening (LSP) and the LASer Adhesion Technique (LASAT). The new challenge deals with the limitations of those processes and the solutions to be setting up to improve them. Some ideas concerning the confinement improvement as water substitution or thermal coatings optimization are suggested in this work. Moreover, the use of double delayed laser pulses allows, for LASAT, the location of main tensile stresses near interfaces. However, for LSP, some aspects dealing with the profitability linked to the peening rate are investigated here. Last but not least, whether the very short (0 to 1000 ns) or very long delays (from 200µs to 200ms), the study of the laser-matter interaction phenomena allows to overcome some limitations for both laser shock processes.

This thesis evaluates transparency in the context of water utilities’ regulation by comparing legal frameworks in three jurisdictions: Victoria (Australia), England (United Kingdom) and Jakarta (Indonesia). Each of these jurisdictions is selected because of their particular ownership and regulatory model. The thesis analyses whether specific ownership or regulatory models will have implications for transparency. The terms “transparency” and “water utilities’ regulation” are first defined and form the thesis’ analytical framework. This is then applied against the three jurisdictions compared. By evaluating each of the three jurisdictions, the thesis expects to provide explanation on how transparency is enabled or inhibited by the legal frameworks. The thesis recommends a solution by comparing the three jurisdictions and generating “lessons learned”.