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There was a major discharge into Restronguet Creek, south-west Cornwall in January 1992 of metalled acidic mine water drainage from the recently closed Wheal Jane tin mine. Shortly after this discharge a post-impact study using the responses of Recent benthic foraminifera as indicators of metal pollution was carried out on this Creek which had not been investigated previously. Because of a lack of pre-discharge foraminiferal data from Restronguet Creek, other estuaries, which previously drained metal mining regions, have been sampled in order to determine the background levels in foraminiferal populations. These estuaries, Fowey (Cornwall), Avon and Erme (south-west Devon) have not been investigated previously. The research programme included reconnaissance sampling of the estuaries Looe, Yealm, Kingsbridge, Axe and Carrick Roads (south-west England), primarilly to determine the geographical distribution of the agglutinated species. In all, 651 samples were taken for micropalaeontological and laser analysis from which an estimated 260,000 tests have been picked and some 70 species identified. A further 395 samples were taken for metal, carbon, nitrogen, sediment grain size and mineralogical analysis. The results of this research show changes over time with the colonisation of barren stations, increased abundance of living individuals, reduced proportions of deformed tests, less severe acid dissolution of the test walls and a seasonal species distribution which is similar to that of the Fowey Estuary. Low diversity is unchanged and the agglutinating foraminifera, which form distinct assembage zones in the control estuaries, remain absent from Restronguet Creek. The data provided by the short cores from Restronguet Creek suggest that the 1992 discharge does not account for the absence of these species. During the period of investigation the sediment-bound metals in terms of the concentrations have, in general, increased but the river water quality entering the Creek has improved in terms of metals and acidity. This suggests that the foraminifera are more directly influenced by metals in solution and that tangible benefits have been gained from the water quality improvement programme inaugurated by the Environment Agency.

As profundas transformações sociais e tecnológicas que marcaram o último século determinaram o surgimento de um novo padrão de relações socioespaciais: tudo está interligado, resultado da conectividade global. O urbanismo moderno é regido por princípios completamente distintos dos que embasaram as ordens sociais tradicionais, principalmente no que se refere à relação homem versus ambiente natural. Por isso, para se compreender a urbanização é preciso analisar a cidade a partir de cada etapa de sua estruturação. O conceito de \'desenvolvimento sustentável\' foi introduzido no cenário mundial em 1983 para reverter os padrões de produção e consumo da humanidade, cujos efeitos já desde os anos de 1970 têm provocado incertezas quanto ao futuro ambiental do planeta. Nas décadas de 1960 e 1970 o Brasil vivenciava o regime militar e a introdução do planejamento urbano. Em termos mundiais, nas décadas de 1980 e 1990 novas definições e ferramentas começaram a ser formuladas para o desenvolvimento teórico dos princípios de planejamento urbano. Um desses instrumentos foi o planejamento estratégico que parte da ideia de competição entre as cidades no mundo globalizado. Com a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 os instrumentos de desenvolvimento urbano empregados no Brasil ganham nova feição. Como reforço aprova-se em 2001 o Estatuto da Cidade que introduz a função social da propriedade urbana. São Paulo aprovou seu primeiro plano diretor em 1971 e até 2002, ano em que foi promulgado seu Plano Diretor Estratégico, houve outras três tentativas frustradas no sentido de legitimar novos planos diretores para a cidade. Nesse sentido, este trabalho procura compreender e elencar aspectos que expliquem a maneira como as sociedades contemporâneas vêem e se relacionam com o ambiente natural dentro da realidade espacial construída do ambiente urbano. A partir da conceituação teórica destes temas, tenciona revisar, dentro do processo de transformação das cidades, o desenvolvimento das políticas urbanas em prol da proteção dos recursos naturais. Como estudo de caso emprega o Projeto Urbanístico Nova Luz, da cidade de São Paulo, cujas diretrizes são analisadas sob a ótica de diminuição dos índices de impermeabilidade do solo e de aumento da drenagem das águas pluviais e arborização. / The deep social and technological transformations that marked the last century led to the emergence of a new model of socio-spatial relationship: everything is interconnected, a result of global connectivity. The modern urbanism is governed by principles quite different from those that the traditional social orders were based, particularly in the relationship between man versus natural environment. Therefore, to understand the urbanization it is important to analyze the city from every part of its structure. The concept of \'sustainable development\' was introduced on the world in 1983, to reverse the patterns of production and consume whose effects, since the 1970s, have been caused uncertainty about the environmental future of the planet. In the 1960s and 1970s, Brazil was experiencing the military regime and the introduction of urban planning. Worldwide in the 1980 and 1990 new definitions and tools was formulated for the theoretical development of the principles of urban planning. One instrument was the strategic planning based on the idea of competition between cities in the globalized world. With the promulgation of the 1988 Brazil Constitution new instruments of urban planning were reformulated. In 2001, the Estatuto da Cidade was approved and introduced the social function of urban property. São Paulo approved its first master plan in 1971 and, in 2002 it was promulgated the Strategic Plan of São Paulo, there were three other failed attempts in order to legitimize new master plans for the city between 1971 and 2002. This paper aims to understand and seek aspects that explain how contemporary societies see and relate to the natural environment within the spatial reality of the urban space. It begins with the theoretical conceptualization of these issues, and its review within the process of transformation of cities: the development of urban policies in favor of the protection of natural resources. As a case study was selected the Urban Project Nova Luz, in the city of São Paulo, whose guidelines are analyzed from the viewpoint of reducing the levels of impermeability of the soil and increased storm water drainage and afforestation.

As profundas transformações sociais e tecnológicas que marcaram o último século determinaram o surgimento de um novo padrão de relações socioespaciais: tudo está interligado, resultado da conectividade global. O urbanismo moderno é regido por princípios completamente distintos dos que embasaram as ordens sociais tradicionais, principalmente no que se refere à relação homem versus ambiente natural. Por isso, para se compreender a urbanização é preciso analisar a cidade a partir de cada etapa de sua estruturação. O conceito de \'desenvolvimento sustentável\' foi introduzido no cenário mundial em 1983 para reverter os padrões de produção e consumo da humanidade, cujos efeitos já desde os anos de 1970 têm provocado incertezas quanto ao futuro ambiental do planeta. Nas décadas de 1960 e 1970 o Brasil vivenciava o regime militar e a introdução do planejamento urbano. Em termos mundiais, nas décadas de 1980 e 1990 novas definições e ferramentas começaram a ser formuladas para o desenvolvimento teórico dos princípios de planejamento urbano. Um desses instrumentos foi o planejamento estratégico que parte da ideia de competição entre as cidades no mundo globalizado. Com a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 os instrumentos de desenvolvimento urbano empregados no Brasil ganham nova feição. Como reforço aprova-se em 2001 o Estatuto da Cidade que introduz a função social da propriedade urbana. São Paulo aprovou seu primeiro plano diretor em 1971 e até 2002, ano em que foi promulgado seu Plano Diretor Estratégico, houve outras três tentativas frustradas no sentido de legitimar novos planos diretores para a cidade. Nesse sentido, este trabalho procura compreender e elencar aspectos que expliquem a maneira como as sociedades contemporâneas vêem e se relacionam com o ambiente natural dentro da realidade espacial construída do ambiente urbano. A partir da conceituação teórica destes temas, tenciona revisar, dentro do processo de transformação das cidades, o desenvolvimento das políticas urbanas em prol da proteção dos recursos naturais. Como estudo de caso emprega o Projeto Urbanístico Nova Luz, da cidade de São Paulo, cujas diretrizes são analisadas sob a ótica de diminuição dos índices de impermeabilidade do solo e de aumento da drenagem das águas pluviais e arborização. / The deep social and technological transformations that marked the last century led to the emergence of a new model of socio-spatial relationship: everything is interconnected, a result of global connectivity. The modern urbanism is governed by principles quite different from those that the traditional social orders were based, particularly in the relationship between man versus natural environment. Therefore, to understand the urbanization it is important to analyze the city from every part of its structure. The concept of \'sustainable development\' was introduced on the world in 1983, to reverse the patterns of production and consume whose effects, since the 1970s, have been caused uncertainty about the environmental future of the planet. In the 1960s and 1970s, Brazil was experiencing the military regime and the introduction of urban planning. Worldwide in the 1980 and 1990 new definitions and tools was formulated for the theoretical development of the principles of urban planning. One instrument was the strategic planning based on the idea of competition between cities in the globalized world. With the promulgation of the 1988 Brazil Constitution new instruments of urban planning were reformulated. In 2001, the Estatuto da Cidade was approved and introduced the social function of urban property. São Paulo approved its first master plan in 1971 and, in 2002 it was promulgated the Strategic Plan of São Paulo, there were three other failed attempts in order to legitimize new master plans for the city between 1971 and 2002. This paper aims to understand and seek aspects that explain how contemporary societies see and relate to the natural environment within the spatial reality of the urban space. It begins with the theoretical conceptualization of these issues, and its review within the process of transformation of cities: the development of urban policies in favor of the protection of natural resources. As a case study was selected the Urban Project Nova Luz, in the city of São Paulo, whose guidelines are analyzed from the viewpoint of reducing the levels of impermeability of the soil and increased storm water drainage and afforestation.

A history of the development and organization of artificial land drainage in Manitoba and the involvement of statutory authorities in land drainage is reviewed. The Department of Mines, Resources and Environmental Management Water Resources Division, conservation districts and municipal governments divide jurisdiction and responsibility over watercourses in Manitoba. The Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration and the Manitoba Department of Agricultural Technical Services Branch provide conditional assistance to farmers contemplating slough drainage. The Agricultural and Rural Development Agreement and the Fund for Rural Economic Development Program contain comprehensive drainage programs in Manitoba. The common and statute law concerning drainage is reviewed. Legal drainage procedures for individuals, rural municipalities, conservation districts and the Province of Manitoba are outlined. In addition, procedures for obtaining drainage assistance from the Manitoba Department of Agriculture and the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration are also presented. Many statutory provisions concerning drainage in Manitoba are obscure and inconsistent. Clarification of these provisions is sorely needed before drainage law can be used as an effective tool in a wetland preservation effort.

A history of the development and organization of artificial land drainage in Manitoba and the involvement of statutory authorities in land drainage is reviewed. The Department of Mines, Resources and Environmental Management Water Resources Division, conservation districts and municipal governments divide jurisdiction and responsibility over watercourses in Manitoba. The Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration and the Manitoba Department of Agricultural Technical Services Branch provide conditional assistance to farmers contemplating slough drainage. The Agricultural and Rural Development Agreement and the Fund for Rural Economic Development Program contain comprehensive drainage programs in Manitoba. The common and statute law concerning drainage is reviewed. Legal drainage procedures for individuals, rural municipalities, conservation districts and the Province of Manitoba are outlined. In addition, procedures for obtaining drainage assistance from the Manitoba Department of Agriculture and the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration are also presented. Many statutory provisions concerning drainage in Manitoba are obscure and inconsistent. Clarification of these provisions is sorely needed before drainage law can be used as an effective tool in a wetland preservation effort.

The thesis is processed from several partial steps. The first step is to calibrate and validate the hydrological model using real meteorological and hydrological data using the balance hydrological model in Runoff Prophet. Furthermore, using the corresponding statistical downscaling in the LARS WG program. Create climatological data sets considering climate change. Hydrological transformation of climatological data by hydrological model to compile sets of hydrological series for Vlára river basin. Recalculate the hydrological data to the body of the dam for the tributary of the Vlára River, including water transfers from the basins of the Sviborka and Smolinka streams. The last step of the work is to analyze the storage volume and its respective improved water outflow from the tank and to assess the impact of climate change on the storage volume of the tank.