by Siu, Wai Lok. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-218). / ABSTRACT --- p.i -ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv -vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi -viii / LIST OF PLATES --- p.ix / LIST OF TABLES --- p.x -xii / Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Problem Statement --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Study Area --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Objectives --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Rationale --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.10 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- Optical Properties of Sea Water --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Water Quality Modeling Algorithms --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Suspended Sediment Models --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Chlorophyll Models --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Sea Surface Temperature Models --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Salinity Models --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Total Phosphorus Models --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4 --- Use of Chromaticity Technique --- p.35 / Chapter 2.5 --- Principal Component Transformation --- p.37 / Chapter 2.6 --- Remote Sensing Water Quality in Hong Kong --- p.37 / Chapter 2.7 --- Summary --- p.38 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- METHODOLOGY --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- Data Set --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Water Sampling and Water Quality Parameters --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Satellite Data --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Image Preprocessing --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.2.1.1 --- Radiometric Correction --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.2.1.2 --- Atmospheric Correction --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1.2.1.3 --- Geometirc Correction --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Data Extraction --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1.2.3 --- Spectral Data Transformation --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2 --- Statistical Water Quality Models --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3 --- Water Quality Mapping --- p.61 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2 --- Water Quality Samples --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Sample Data for TM Experiment --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Sample Data for SPOT Experiment --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Correlations Among Parameters --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3 --- Image Preprocessing --- p.81 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Image Destriping --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Atmospheric Correction --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Geometric Correction --- p.88 / Chapter 4.4 --- Data Extraction --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Descriptive Statistics of the Spectral Data Samples --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Data Transformation --- p.100 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Correlations Among Spectral Variables --- p.103 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.107 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY MODELS …… --- p.113 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.113 / Chapter 5.2 --- Criteria for Assessing Water Quality Models --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3 --- Models Derived from TM Data --- p.116 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Models of Various Water Quality Paramters --- p.116 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Summary --- p.142 / Chapter 5.4 --- Models Derived from SPOT Data --- p.145 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Models of Various Water Quality Parameters --- p.145 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Summary --- p.169 / Chapter 5.5 --- Comparisons Among Models --- p.171 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Comparisons Among Models Derived from TM and SPOT Data --- p.171 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Comparisons with Past Models --- p.172 / Chapter 5.6 --- Conclusion --- p.173 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- WATER QUALITY MAPPING --- p.175 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.175 / Chapter 6.2 --- Classification Schemes for Various Water Quality Paramters --- p.175 / Chapter 6.3 --- Water Quality Maps --- p.180 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Water Quality Mapping Using TM Data --- p.180 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Water Quality Mapping Using SPOT Data --- p.190 / Chapter 6.4 --- Difficulties Encountered in Water Quality Mapping --- p.202 / Chapter 6.5 --- Summary --- p.204 / Chapter CHAPTER VII --- CONCLUSION --- p.206 / Chapter 7.1 --- Summary of Findings --- p.206 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Summary on Water Quality Modeling --- p.206 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Summary on Water Quality Mapping --- p.208 / Chapter 7.2 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.209 / Chapter 7.3 --- Recommendations for Further Studies --- p.210 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.213

The purpose of this research was to explore the potential of using LANDSAT MSS data in the study of land use/cover patterns and turbidity relationships within the Lake Anna watershed. Two premises of this research are that a relationship exists between land use/cover patterns and turbidity levels, and that LANDSAT MSS data can be used to study this relationship. Turbidity levels within Lake Anna were estimated by the chromaticity technique used by Munday et al and were correlated to two groups of ground-based data -- surface turbidity levels and the product of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Estimated turbidity levels correlated moderately well with surface data, but only a slight relationship could be established between land use/cover patterns and estimated turbidity. Possible explanations for these results were grouped into two categories, practical and conceptual problems. Practical problems were defined as data collection problems and included LANDSAT system and data accuracy problems. Conceptual problems were problems based on theoretical issues of using LANDSAT MSS data to study relationships between land use/cover patterns and turbidity levels. Conceptual problems remained even after the practical problems were solved. The accomplishments of this research included the application of chromaticity analysis to small man-made reservoirs, further exploration of the relationship between land use/cover patterns, and turbidity levels, and extension of LANDSAT MSS data in watershed management. Most importantly, this research exposed some of the limitations in using LANDSAT MSS data to study relationships between land use/cover patterns and turbidity levels. / Master of Science