<p>This is a project about The Water Treatment System at Djupdalen. The leakage water comes to the Water Treatment System from a deposition plant through the land. The leakage water is characterized by a high concentration of nitrogen and the system is based on biological removing of the nitrogen in the water, by nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Four different problems are found in the system: 1. High level of nitrogen concentration in the outgoing water of the system. It should be due to the lack of phosphate in the water, that do not let the bacteria to grow. 2. Low temperature during the most part of the year. Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria are temperature-dependent, that are very slow at low temperatures. 3. High oxygen concentration in one of the anoxic pond, where the denitrification process take place. This oxygen concentration is too high for denitrifying bacteria to work. 4. The nitrification and denitrification bacteria need to be “old” to work efficiently. They need a surface to attach, because if not they flow with the water and they leave the system. And four possible solutions for the system are presented: 1. Phosphate should be added to the system to let bacteria growth. 2. Store the water at a store pond during the winter months and transport it to the system when the temperature is optimum for the bacteria to work. 3. Add carbon matter to improve the carbon oxidation and to low down the oxygen levels at the anoxic ponds. 4. Two options are presented to improve the system, the first one is based on the construction of a dark wavy bottom in the channel system, which will give a surface for bacteria to attaché, it will produce oxygenation in the water, and it will also improve the water temperature; and the second one is based on the addition of panels made of black material, which will give to bacteria a surface to attach, and improve the water temperature.</p>

This is a project about The Water Treatment System at Djupdalen. The leakage water comes to the Water Treatment System from a deposition plant through the land. The leakage water is characterized by a high concentration of nitrogen and the system is based on biological removing of the nitrogen in the water, by nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Four different problems are found in the system: 1. High level of nitrogen concentration in the outgoing water of the system. It should be due to the lack of phosphate in the water, that do not let the bacteria to grow. 2. Low temperature during the most part of the year. Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria are temperature-dependent, that are very slow at low temperatures. 3. High oxygen concentration in one of the anoxic pond, where the denitrification process take place. This oxygen concentration is too high for denitrifying bacteria to work. 4. The nitrification and denitrification bacteria need to be “old” to work efficiently. They need a surface to attach, because if not they flow with the water and they leave the system. And four possible solutions for the system are presented: 1. Phosphate should be added to the system to let bacteria growth. 2. Store the water at a store pond during the winter months and transport it to the system when the temperature is optimum for the bacteria to work. 3. Add carbon matter to improve the carbon oxidation and to low down the oxygen levels at the anoxic ponds. 4. Two options are presented to improve the system, the first one is based on the construction of a dark wavy bottom in the channel system, which will give a surface for bacteria to attaché, it will produce oxygenation in the water, and it will also improve the water temperature; and the second one is based on the addition of panels made of black material, which will give to bacteria a surface to attach, and improve the water temperature.

No Brasil, existem milhares de sistemas de tratamento de água, que devem atender à critérios amplos de qualidade, que possibilite atender padrões e legislação pertinentes ao tipo de processo produtivo: antes, durante e após o processo. O Sistemas de Tratamento de Água (SiTA) engloba o manancial de abastecimento, seu entorno, a captação e adução de água bruta, a Estação de Tratamento de Água (ETA), a água tratada, o sistema de gestão, a Estação de Tratamento de Resíduos (ETR) e os recursos humanos. No desenvolvimento desse trabalho foram realizadas visitas técnicas em cinco SiTAs, que possuem tecnologia de ciclo completo, a fim de avaliar o funcionamento destes, segundo os princípios da ecoeficiência. Para tanto, foram levantados dados atuais e históricos (10 anos), que forneceram subsídios para elaboração e aplicação de 39 indicadores, agrupados em oito princípios da ecoeficiência. Neste trabalho foi proposto também um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) para SiTAs, que foi baseado nos preceitos da norma ISO 14.001. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de uma nova visão, do intitulado Sistema de Tratamento de Água (SiTA), para que os projetos executivos futuros considerem impreterivelmente o manancial, o entorno e os resíduos gerados durante o processo de tratamento de água. Além disso, os cinco sistemas analisados não foram considerados ecoeficientes, seja em relação ao resultados dos indicadores aplicados, aspectos gerenciais, análise qualitativa e quantitativa, ausência de dados ou ineficiência na sua sistematização. Ademais, o planejamento, estabelecimento de metas e aplicação de indicadores em diferentes sistemas são fundamentais para o estabelecimento de um parâmetro balizador, que poderá ser seguido por outros sistemas de tratamento de água. Assim, é imperiosa a necessidade da implantação de um modelo de gestão, que forneça subsídios para geração e padronização dos dados nesse tipo de sistema. / In Brazil, there are thousands of water treatment systems, which must consider wide criteria of quality, and that will make possible to meet standards and legislation relevant to the type of production process: before, during and after the process. The Water Treatment Systems (WTSy) include the water supply source, its surroundings, catchment and adduction of raw water, the Water Treatment Plant (WTP), the treated water, the management system, the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) and human resources. In the development of this work, technical visits were made in five WTSy, which have full cycle of technology, to evaluate the functioning of them, according to the principles of ecoefficiency. For both, current and historical data were raised (10 years), which provided subsidies for development and application of 39 indicators, grouped into eight principles of ecoefficiency. In this work it was also proposed an Environmental Management System (EMS) to the WTSy, which was based on the precepts of ISO 14.001. The results of this research, point to the need of a new vision, about the entitled Water Treatment System (WTSy), so that the executive future projects consider essential to the water supply source its surroundings, and the waste generated during the water treatment. In addition, the five systems reviewed were not considered ecoefficient, in relation to the results of the indicators applied, management aspects, quantitative and qualitative analysis, absence of data or inefficiency in its systematization. Moreover, the planning, setting targets and the application of indicators in various systems are fundamental to the establishment of a balizador parameter, which could be followed by other water treatment systems. It is therefore, imperative the need of implantation of a management model which provides subsidies for generation and standardization of data in this type of system.

No Brasil, existem milhares de sistemas de tratamento de água, que devem atender à critérios amplos de qualidade, que possibilite atender padrões e legislação pertinentes ao tipo de processo produtivo: antes, durante e após o processo. O Sistemas de Tratamento de Água (SiTA) engloba o manancial de abastecimento, seu entorno, a captação e adução de água bruta, a Estação de Tratamento de Água (ETA), a água tratada, o sistema de gestão, a Estação de Tratamento de Resíduos (ETR) e os recursos humanos. No desenvolvimento desse trabalho foram realizadas visitas técnicas em cinco SiTAs, que possuem tecnologia de ciclo completo, a fim de avaliar o funcionamento destes, segundo os princípios da ecoeficiência. Para tanto, foram levantados dados atuais e históricos (10 anos), que forneceram subsídios para elaboração e aplicação de 39 indicadores, agrupados em oito princípios da ecoeficiência. Neste trabalho foi proposto também um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) para SiTAs, que foi baseado nos preceitos da norma ISO 14.001. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de uma nova visão, do intitulado Sistema de Tratamento de Água (SiTA), para que os projetos executivos futuros considerem impreterivelmente o manancial, o entorno e os resíduos gerados durante o processo de tratamento de água. Além disso, os cinco sistemas analisados não foram considerados ecoeficientes, seja em relação ao resultados dos indicadores aplicados, aspectos gerenciais, análise qualitativa e quantitativa, ausência de dados ou ineficiência na sua sistematização. Ademais, o planejamento, estabelecimento de metas e aplicação de indicadores em diferentes sistemas são fundamentais para o estabelecimento de um parâmetro balizador, que poderá ser seguido por outros sistemas de tratamento de água. Assim, é imperiosa a necessidade da implantação de um modelo de gestão, que forneça subsídios para geração e padronização dos dados nesse tipo de sistema. / In Brazil, there are thousands of water treatment systems, which must consider wide criteria of quality, and that will make possible to meet standards and legislation relevant to the type of production process: before, during and after the process. The Water Treatment Systems (WTSy) include the water supply source, its surroundings, catchment and adduction of raw water, the Water Treatment Plant (WTP), the treated water, the management system, the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) and human resources. In the development of this work, technical visits were made in five WTSy, which have full cycle of technology, to evaluate the functioning of them, according to the principles of ecoefficiency. For both, current and historical data were raised (10 years), which provided subsidies for development and application of 39 indicators, grouped into eight principles of ecoefficiency. In this work it was also proposed an Environmental Management System (EMS) to the WTSy, which was based on the precepts of ISO 14.001. The results of this research, point to the need of a new vision, about the entitled Water Treatment System (WTSy), so that the executive future projects consider essential to the water supply source its surroundings, and the waste generated during the water treatment. In addition, the five systems reviewed were not considered ecoefficient, in relation to the results of the indicators applied, management aspects, quantitative and qualitative analysis, absence of data or inefficiency in its systematization. Moreover, the planning, setting targets and the application of indicators in various systems are fundamental to the establishment of a balizador parameter, which could be followed by other water treatment systems. It is therefore, imperative the need of implantation of a management model which provides subsidies for generation and standardization of data in this type of system.

The eutrophication in the Baltic Sea is a big issue which threatens marine ecosystems, increases the depletion of oxygen in the water and causes harm to aquatic animals. Human activities such as industries, agriculture, forestry and untreated sewage increase nutrient input (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) which causes increased levels of plankton and bacteria. Sweden has suggested to prohibit recreational craft owners to discharge their untreated wastewater to the ocean. The aim for this study is to examine and analyze the different types of water treatment systems that exist today and to see what levels of bacteria and nutrients the effluent water has from the systems. This research will help the EU-commission to decide what demands you can put on the discharged effluent water on recreational crafts. The study shows that none of the existing systems is able to decrease the levels of nutrients in the effluent treated wastewater. This makes it hard for the EU-commission to decide on demands for recreational crafts. This may lead to increased use of drainstations of wastewater in harbors for owners.