Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, 2009. / A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2009. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Carleton University, 1996. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, August, 2004. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-168).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2008. / Advisers: Steven J. Duranceau, James S. Taylor. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, 1902 (Saph), 1903 (Schoder). / From the Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers. v.29, no. 5 (May 1903). "The discussions of this paper and the final discussion by the writers will be published in subsequent numbers of the Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers. The paper, with discussion in full, will be published finally in the Transactions of the Society"--P. [479].

Thesis (Sc. D.)--University of Michigan, 1934. / Cover title. Reprinted from Proceedings of the American society of civil engineers, February 1935.

No description available.

M.Ing. / The aim of this investigation was to determine the N1 value in the relationship between pressure and flow for different types of water reticulation pipes with different forms of fractures. The relationship is defined as: Once these N1 values are established, they can be used as an indication for better pressure management in water reticulation networks. This investigation was limited to three types of pipe with diameter 110 mm and wall thickness of 4 mm: • uPVC • Cast iron • Steel And three different forms of failures: • Round holes • Longitudinal splits • Circular cracks Pressure step testing was used to obtain experimental data. During analysis of the data, Cd was calculated from the initial area of a fracture and kept constant thereafter. Conclusions could be drawn about similar type pipes with similar fractures and comparisons could be made between all the samples as well as previous studies. Generally it seems that longitudinal splits lead to the most excessive leaking, followed by round holes and then the circular cracks. A summary of typical N1 exponents found is shown below: • uPVC pipes with round holes 0.48 - 0.49 • uPVC pipes with longitudinal splits 0.89 - 1.26 • uPVC pipes with circular cracks 0.31 – 0.48 • Cast Iron pipes with round holes 0.43 – 0.44 • Cast Iron pipes with longitudinal splits 0.42 – 0.46 • Cast Iron pipes with circular cracks 0.41 – 0.43 • Steel pipes with round holes 0.42 – 0.44 • Steel pipes with longitudinal splits 0.39 – 0.45 • Steel pipes with circular cracks 0.38 – 0.48

The aim of this investigation was to study the hydraulic behaviour of small circular openings in plastic water pipes. According to the theoretical orifice equation, the flow through an orifice is proportional to the square root of the pressure. However, a number of field studies have shown that this exponent can be considerably larger than 0.5, and typically varies between 0.5 and 2.79 with a median of 1.15 (Farley and Trow 2003). The implication is that water losses are substantially more sensitive to pressure than originally thought. Van Zyl and Clayton (2005) proposed four categories of factors that may be responsible for the observed behaviour: leak hydraulics, pipe material behaviour, soil hydraulics and water demand. The aim of this study was to investigate the hydraulics of small circular holes in water distribution systems to determine their behaviour under various conditions. Variables studied in this investigation include pipe material, leak size, surrounding media and pressure fluctuations. Boundary conditions need to be established to accurately simulate the conditions that a pipe in a water network experiences. The author designed and built the apparatus to provide these constant boundary conditions. The apparatus consists of six major components. These are the frame, casing, sample, pressure vessel, constant pressure regulators and measuring equipment. The frame provides structural stability to the apparatus during testing. The casing’s purpose is to house the material that surrounds the sample while being tested; it also creates the constant boundary conditions necessary for the experiments. 1mm and 2mm holes are drilled into the uPVC and HDPE pipes. This serves as the test samples. The pressure vessel is used to enable constant pressure with better pressure control. Constant pressure regulators help to provide the required conditions within the casing. The measuring equipment records that data from the experiments. The data is then processed into interpretable information. It was found that leaks discharging into air show good correlation with the theory, but differ significantly from the behaviour of leaks discharging into water or glass beads. Other findings of the study include that pressure fluctuations do not have a significant effect on the leak behaviour, the classification of the opening (as an orifice, tube or pipe) is important and that a discontinuity in the pressure leakage relationship occurs in holes classified as tubes. It is suspected that the discontinuity is caused by separation of the fluid stream from the tube wall, effectively changing it into an orifice. / Prof. J.E. Van Zyl Prof. C.R.I. Clayton

No description available.