A preocupação com os recursos hídricos é mundial, devido principalmente ao seu grave estado atual. Esta tese aborda a atuação do estado brasileiro quanto à gestão de suas águas internas, compreendidas nessa gestão as principais normas jurídicas materiais existentes e verificação de sua aplicabilidade pelos tribunais nacionais, através das ações judiciais. O contributo deste trabalho é pesquisar onde reside o problema. Para isso, foi estudada a principal lei aplicável aos recursos hídricos, Lei 9.433/97, para conseqüente constatação da existência, no Brasil, de boas leis disciplinadoras da atuação do homem em relação aos recursos hídricos e cujas sanções não estão sendo devidamente aplicadas pelos tribunais tradicionais, através das ações judiciais existentes. Residindo o problema na forma como essas normas jurídicas são aplicadas, foram estudados quais são os meios judiciais atualmente existentes e suas eficiências. Assim, mostrou-se ser possível a utilização de outros métodos, como a criação de uma Justiça especializada em meio ambiente; a arbitragem tradicional após algumas alterações legislativas; e a efetiva participação de câmaras técnicas para solução de controvérsias, no seio dos comitês de bacia, junto ao Ministério Público a fim de que se consiga chegar a um termo de ajustamento de conduta mais eficaz; e apresentaram-se justificativas jurídicas destinadas a uma alteração do sistema atual. Este trabalho identificou os dispositivos legislativos que têm de ser alterados de maneira a dar legalidade aos novos métodos de solução das controvérsias propostas. / The concern with the water resources is a world-wide concern, mainly because of its serious current condition. This thesis approaches the performance of the brazilian state on the management of its internal waters. This management comprehends the main existing material rules of law as well as the verification of its application by national courts, through legal actions. The contribution of this work is to find out exactly where the problem is. For this, it was studied the main brazilian law applied to water resources, the law 9.433/1997. This legal tool demonstrated that Brazil has a good disciplinarian law about the performance of human beings in relation to water resources. It was also evidenced however, that the sanctions it brings are not being duly applied by the traditional courts, through the existing legal actions. Considering that the problem is on the way that these rules of law are applied, the currently existing judicial means and their efficiencies were analysed. Thus the use of other methods was shown to be possible, as the mediation, and legal justifications were presented for an alteration of the current system. This work identified the legislative devices that have to be modified with the means of conferring legality to the new proposed method of solution of controversies.

<p>U ovom radu vr&scaron;ena je izolacija sojeva<em>&nbsp; P. shigelloides</em>&nbsp; iz uzoraka povr&scaron;inskih voda<br />Panonske nizije i formirana je kolekcija kultura, nakon čega je obavljena karakterizacija<br />faktora virulencije i antibiotske rezistencije&nbsp; izolovanih sojeva. Pored toga vr&scaron;ena je<br />izolacija bakteriofaga specifičnih za vrstu <em>P. shigelloides</em> iz uzoraka povr&scaron;inskih i otpadnih voda kao i njihova karakterizacija. Karakterizacija je podrazumevala sledeće testove: ispitivanje efikasnosti lize, litičkog spektra, uticaja različitih ekolo&scaron;kih faktora,<br />određivanje proteinskog profila i karakterizaciju genoma. Pored toga, vr&scaron;ena je detekcija<br />izolovanih bakteriofaga kori&scaron;ćenjem protočnog citometra. Rezultati ovog rada su potvrdili<br />prisustvo bakterije <em>P. shigelloides</em>&nbsp; i njenih specifičnih bakteriofaga u povr&scaron;inskim&nbsp; vodama Panonske nizije. Budući da su bakteriofagi specifični za vrstu&nbsp;<em> P. shigelloides&nbsp;</em> po prvi put izolovani, rezultati ovog rada mogu predstavljajati prvi&nbsp; korak u ispitivanjima vezanim za regulaciju brojnosti ove bakterije putem primene bakteriofaga.</p> / <p>We analyzed surface waters collected in Panonian plane, for the presence of bacterium&nbsp; <em>P. shigelloides</em>. The bacterial strains were preserved and characterized for virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. In addition, isolation of&nbsp; <em>P. shigelloides</em>&nbsp; specific bacteriophages was performed. Characterization of isolated phages included the following tests: examination of lytic efficacy, lytic spectrum, the influence of various ecological factors, the determination of the protein profile and the characterization of the genome. In addition, isolated bacteriophages were detected using a flow cytometer. The results of this paper demonstrate that the surface waters of Panonian plane contain bacterium&nbsp; <em>P. shigelloides&nbsp;</em> and its specific bacteriophages. Since&nbsp; <em>P. shigelloides</em>&nbsp; &ndash;&nbsp; specific bacteriophages are for the&nbsp;first time isolated, the results of this paper can represent the first step in the studies related to the regulation of the number of this bacterium by the application of bacteriophages.</p>

No description available.

Water scarcity for agriculture is one of the most important challenges to improve food security worldwide. In this thesis we study the potential to develop a low-cost controller for a small scale brackish desalination plant that consists of proven water treatment technologies, reverse osmosis, cation exchange, and nanofiltration to treat groundwater into two final products: drinking water and irrigation water. The plant is powered by a combination of wind and solar power systems. The low-cost controller uses Arduino Mega, and Arduino DUE, which consist of ATmega2560 and Atmel SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3 CPU microcontrollers. These are widely used systems characterized for good performance and low cost. However, Arduino also requires drivers and interfaces to allow the control and monitoring of sensors and actuators. The thesis explains the process, as well as the hardware and software implemented.

Synthetic musk compounds were first prepared artificially in the late 19th century. They have been used to perfume cosmetics, detergents and personal care products. The attention of many researchers has been focused on it recently, due to its high penetration into the nature which is a logical consequence of its great use. The main goal of this thesis is to determine the effect of the ultrafiltration on the concentration reduction of substances mentioned above in the industrial waste waters produced by the cosmetic company. Analytes from the sample were extracted using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and on gas chromatography analysis with mass spectroscopy (GC / MS) has been performed. The whole method was optimized and evaluated. Determination of the average efficiency of the ultrafiltration was made based on data obtained before and after ultrafiltration. Such efficiency determines the suitability of use of this method for removal of synthetic musk compounds from waste waters.

This Master’s thesis deals with the determination of selected micro and macro elements in bottled water purchased in retail chains Czech Republic. There are described macro elements and micro elements that occur in the waters, bottled waters legislation and the most frequent used instrumental methods for elemental analysis. In this work for the analysis of bottled water were used methods optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) and ion chromatography (IC). Elemental composition of bottled water after analysis corresponded to the composition indicated on the labels, there were recorded only minor deviations from the reported concentrations. All bottled water meets the conditions of the legislation of the Czech Republic. The measured data were statistically processed in the XL Stat program and by multivariate data analysis was examined whether it is possible to individual bottled water from each other based on the analyzes differentiate, which can help in verifying the authenticity of bottled water and in the detection of adulteration of bottled water for profit.

The PhD thesis deals with determination of sulfonamides and tetracyclines in waste waters. Sulphonamides and tetracyclines are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. They are biologically active compounds and block biological processes in waste water treatment plants. These substances can influence microorganisms in the environment. Sulphonamides and tetracyclines induce resistance in low concentrations. These substances penetrate into the environment from industrial production, use in households, hospitals, veterinary clinics and fish farms. Tetracyclines and sulphonamides were determined in waste water from waste water treatment plants in Brno. Optimalization of extraction of these compounds was performed by solid phase extraction. Sulphonamides and tetracyclines were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector or coupled with mass spectrometry. Optimalized method was used for determination tetracyclines and sulphonamides in waste water from waste water treatment plants in Brno in years 2007 – 2010.

Monitoring of Chemical Parameters of Mining Waters from Hyperspectral Image Data Abstract The thesis deals with utilization of hyperspectral image data for mining water quality monitoring. Sokolov lignite basin, facing many environmental problems caused by brown coal mining activities is the area of interest. Airborne hyperspectral image data acquired by the HyMap sensor in 2009 and 2010 and ground truth data - chemical and physical parameters of water samples are the main data sources for the thesis. Practical part aims at estimating of the amount of the dissolved iron and suspended sediments in selected water bodies. Two approaches were used to achieve this goal - the empirically derived relationship between the ground measurements and reflectance of the water bodies, and spectral unmixing method. Comparison of the two mentioned approaches and evaluation of validity to use the proposed methods for the data acquired by the same sensor one year later is also a part of this thesis.

Radiohydrochemical exploration took place in east part of the "smrčinský" pluton between "Skalná-Plesná-Bad Brambach in years 2016-2018. The main aim of the exploration was location and thorough research of possible occurrence of waters with radioactive concretation higher than 1500 Bq/l. That is a value for radioactive mineral waters given by the "lázeňským" law number 164/2001 Sb. Most important area is Plesná-south where was discovered several springs with values exceeding 5000 Bq/l. Eminent spring is called "Břetislav-Radonka" and lies one kilometre southwest from the train station Plesná-Šneky with an activity of about 12.5 kBq / l 222 Rn and a flow rate of about 2.5 l / min. It is the most active surface discharge of radon mineral water in the Czech Republic Another significant source area is north of Skalna - north. These springs were discovered almost 60 years ago, Dr. Marie Zukriegelová. The main source of this area was named after its discoverer - the "Marie Z" spring with an activity of 5800 Bq / l 222 Rn.Further the research focused on historical radioactive conduit which were used to supply village Skalné with water. The conduit was separated on two "branches" and the younger one was built ten years after the first one. In both pipes were found radioactive waters and the most important...

Orientador: Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano / Resumo: No processo de produção do surimi, grande quantidade de água é utilizada para as operações de lavagens, resultando na geração de grande volume de águas residuárias ricas em matéria orgânica que causam problemas ambientais quando descartadas inadequadamente. As proteínas presentes nestas águas podem ser recuperadas, reduzindo o impacto ambiental e gerando um ingrediente com aplicação na indústria de alimentos. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi recuperar proteínas das águas de lavagem de preparo do surimi utilizando a tecnologia de filtração por membranas e utiliza-las na elaboração de fishburguer. As águas de lavagem resultantes da produção do surimi de tilápia foram reunidas e filtradas em membrana de ultrafiltração (UF) de 30 kDa. As determinações de pH, sólidos totais (ST) e fixos (SF), proteínas totais, óleos e graxas e a análise eletroforética foram realizadas nas águas obtidas nas lavagens do surimi (original) e após a UF (concentrado e permeado) e a demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) foi determinada nas águas originais e no permeado da UF. O concentrado desidratado em spray dryer foi analisado quanto ao perfil de aminoácidos e teor de carotenóides. As proteínas recuperadas no concentrado desidratado foram adicionadas nas proporções de 0, 5 e 10% aos fishburgers de surimi e os produtos finais foram avaliados quanto à composição proximal, rendimento na cocção, análise sensorial e índice de aceitabilidade (IA). Os dados físicos e químicos das águas originais, do concentrado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the production process of surimi, a large amount of water is used for washing operations, generation waste water rich in organic matter that causes environmental problems when they are improperly disposed. Proteins present in these waters can be recovered, reducing their environmental impact and generating an ingredient with application in the food industry. The general objective of this study was to recover proteins from surimi elaboration wash waters, using membrane filtration technology, and use them in fishburger elaboration. Wash waters resulting from tilapia surimi production were pooled and filtered on ultrafiltration membrane (UF, 30 kDa). Determination of pH, total (ST) and fixed solids (SF), total proteins, lipids and electrophoretic analysis were performed in the waters obtained from wash process of surimi (original) and after UF (concentrated and permeated). Oxygen chemistry (COD) was determined in the original waters an in the UF permeate. Spray-dried dehydrated concentrate was analyzed for amino acid profile and carotenoid content. Proteins recovered in the dehydrated concentrate were added in the proportion of 0, 5 and 10% to surimi fishburgers, and final products were evaluated for proximal composition, cooking yield, sensory analysis and acceptability index (IA). Physical and chemical data of the original concentrate and permeate waters and the proximal composition of fishburgers were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared by ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor