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An evaluative framework for watershed restoration initiatives, as applied to the Squamish River watershed restoration projectTyler, John Dawes 05 1900 (has links)
Watershed restoration has in recent years received a great deal of attention from
policy makers and other stakeholders in British Columbia. Two hundred twenty seven
watershed restoration projects were approved for funding by Forest Renewal British
Columbia during the 1995-1996 fiscal year, with an approved budget of $22.2 million
dollars. Despite this attention, there is no clear agreement on what watershed restoration is or
how it should be evaluated. There is a pressing need for a watershed restoration evaluation
process to be developed and implemented at the program level.
The purpose of this research is to develop an evaluative framework for watershed
restoration initiatives generally, and apply it to the Squamish River Watershed Restoration
Project as a means of testing and improving the framework. In the process an evaluation of
the Squamish River Watershed Restoration Project is conducted.
The methods used to conduct this research included: (1) a comprehensive review of
project reports, proposals and other relevant literature, (2) the design and application of a
structured evaluative framework and (3) informational interviews with individuals
representing legitimate interests in the case study.
The evaluative framework appeared to be successful at measuring the performance of
the case study, and may have great potential as a program evaluation tool. Application of this
evaluative framework to other watershed restoration initiatives may help advance the goals of
ecological restoration and sustainable development through investment in natural capital. It is
recommended that future initiatives could benefit by:
• Utilizing an ecosystem approach to natural resource management, one that
emphasizes investment in natural capital, the establishment and maintenance
of self sustaining social and ecological systems.
• Utilizing a commonly recognized definition of ecological restoration, as
promoting: (1) ecologically and socially desirable ecosystem values; (2)
identifies functional and structural elements essential to self-sustaining
systems; (3) facilitation of ecosystem recovery.
• Applying the principles of decision analysis, and the use of the fundamental
objectives that have been developed as a part of this work throughout the
different phases of the project.
• Incorporating the principles and practice of Adaptive Management.
• Incorporating a collaborative approach to problem solving and, decision
making when appropriate.
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An evaluative framework for watershed restoration initiatives, as applied to the Squamish River watershed restoration projectTyler, John Dawes 05 1900 (has links)
Watershed restoration has in recent years received a great deal of attention from
policy makers and other stakeholders in British Columbia. Two hundred twenty seven
watershed restoration projects were approved for funding by Forest Renewal British
Columbia during the 1995-1996 fiscal year, with an approved budget of $22.2 million
dollars. Despite this attention, there is no clear agreement on what watershed restoration is or
how it should be evaluated. There is a pressing need for a watershed restoration evaluation
process to be developed and implemented at the program level.
The purpose of this research is to develop an evaluative framework for watershed
restoration initiatives generally, and apply it to the Squamish River Watershed Restoration
Project as a means of testing and improving the framework. In the process an evaluation of
the Squamish River Watershed Restoration Project is conducted.
The methods used to conduct this research included: (1) a comprehensive review of
project reports, proposals and other relevant literature, (2) the design and application of a
structured evaluative framework and (3) informational interviews with individuals
representing legitimate interests in the case study.
The evaluative framework appeared to be successful at measuring the performance of
the case study, and may have great potential as a program evaluation tool. Application of this
evaluative framework to other watershed restoration initiatives may help advance the goals of
ecological restoration and sustainable development through investment in natural capital. It is
recommended that future initiatives could benefit by:
• Utilizing an ecosystem approach to natural resource management, one that
emphasizes investment in natural capital, the establishment and maintenance
of self sustaining social and ecological systems.
• Utilizing a commonly recognized definition of ecological restoration, as
promoting: (1) ecologically and socially desirable ecosystem values; (2)
identifies functional and structural elements essential to self-sustaining
systems; (3) facilitation of ecosystem recovery.
• Applying the principles of decision analysis, and the use of the fundamental
objectives that have been developed as a part of this work throughout the
different phases of the project.
• Incorporating the principles and practice of Adaptive Management.
• Incorporating a collaborative approach to problem solving and, decision
making when appropriate. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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Collaborating for success? : working together in the Coquitlam watershedNikolic, Diana 05 1900 (has links)
Water use planning today necessitates an integrated approach that includes
sustainability considerations. We rely upon our water resources to satisfy a lengthy list
of needs yet we often mistreat this irreplaceable, vital resource. Members of society are
acknowledging the situation and are increasingly expressing their interest in being
involved in processes to address these issues. It is the planner's responsibility to respond
with a method that is capable of involving the public in complex planning issues such
water use planning.
The identification and application of a suitable methodology can commence with the
articulation of indicators of success. By being conscious of desired goals, the process
necessary for their attainment is more readily identified. A study of existing literature
indicates empowerment, fairness, trust and efficiency are regular indicators of success.
Communicative facilitation, the product of unifying the fundamentals of communicative
planning and effective facilitation, is a means of working toward the realization of these
success indicators. These process components are both complemented and promoted
through a collaborative effort. Both the process methodology and its application
influence the likelihood of achieving the identified process success indicators.
Analysis of a case study, in this instance the Coquitlam Buntzen Water Use Planning
process, allows extrication of recommendations and caveats that are applicable not only
to collaborative water use planning but also to complex planning processes in general.
• A process should focus on reaching the best agreement possible. Allowing a range of
levels of agreement while documenting points of disagreement is recommended.
• A process's potential to contribute to the development of a positive precedent should
be recognized. Every effort should be invested to maximize opportunities to improve
levels of trust and perceptions of fairness since current processes affect future efforts.
• Process facilitators should be adept in the role of facilitator, analyst, mediator and
negotiator while practicing the principles of communicative planning.
• It is difficult for a process to manage its schedule and budget to the satisfaction of all
participants; however, the evaluation of efficiency is critical to assessment of overall
process success.
• To avoid confusion and frustration, it should be clearly established prior to process
commencement whether a process involves the public generally, stakeholders or
representatives.
• Scope should be as broadly defined as possible. Although the level of complexity can
be expected to increase, the benefits of an integrated approach as well as the
frustrations associated with scope limitation support its expansion. Once boundaries
are set, they should be explicitly articulated.
As the world becomes in increasingly complex place, the planner is faced with the task of
facilitating efforts for interests to work together to make good decisions through quality
processes.
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Collaborating for success? : working together in the Coquitlam watershedNikolic, Diana 05 1900 (has links)
Water use planning today necessitates an integrated approach that includes
sustainability considerations. We rely upon our water resources to satisfy a lengthy list
of needs yet we often mistreat this irreplaceable, vital resource. Members of society are
acknowledging the situation and are increasingly expressing their interest in being
involved in processes to address these issues. It is the planner's responsibility to respond
with a method that is capable of involving the public in complex planning issues such
water use planning.
The identification and application of a suitable methodology can commence with the
articulation of indicators of success. By being conscious of desired goals, the process
necessary for their attainment is more readily identified. A study of existing literature
indicates empowerment, fairness, trust and efficiency are regular indicators of success.
Communicative facilitation, the product of unifying the fundamentals of communicative
planning and effective facilitation, is a means of working toward the realization of these
success indicators. These process components are both complemented and promoted
through a collaborative effort. Both the process methodology and its application
influence the likelihood of achieving the identified process success indicators.
Analysis of a case study, in this instance the Coquitlam Buntzen Water Use Planning
process, allows extrication of recommendations and caveats that are applicable not only
to collaborative water use planning but also to complex planning processes in general.
• A process should focus on reaching the best agreement possible. Allowing a range of
levels of agreement while documenting points of disagreement is recommended.
• A process's potential to contribute to the development of a positive precedent should
be recognized. Every effort should be invested to maximize opportunities to improve
levels of trust and perceptions of fairness since current processes affect future efforts.
• Process facilitators should be adept in the role of facilitator, analyst, mediator and
negotiator while practicing the principles of communicative planning.
• It is difficult for a process to manage its schedule and budget to the satisfaction of all
participants; however, the evaluation of efficiency is critical to assessment of overall
process success.
• To avoid confusion and frustration, it should be clearly established prior to process
commencement whether a process involves the public generally, stakeholders or
representatives.
• Scope should be as broadly defined as possible. Although the level of complexity can
be expected to increase, the benefits of an integrated approach as well as the
frustrations associated with scope limitation support its expansion. Once boundaries
are set, they should be explicitly articulated.
As the world becomes in increasingly complex place, the planner is faced with the task of
facilitating efforts for interests to work together to make good decisions through quality
processes. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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A comparative assessment of stormwater runoff from a coastal and interior log yardFikart, Alena 11 1900 (has links)
Stormwater runoff from log yards in different BC regions can affect aquatic habitats to varying
degrees given differences in weather, water quality and tree species. The objective of this thesis
was to compare runoff quality and total runoff loadings from a coastal and interior log yard.
Chemical analyses, toxicity tests and treatments were conducted. Data were compared to criteria,
statistically compared between sites and assessed for seasonal trends. Export coefficients (ECs)
were compared between sites. Relationships between toxicological and chemical variables were
explored statistically.
Runoff toxicity was similar between sites and fairly low. LC50s for 48-hour Ceriodaphnia dubia
tests ranged from 32.95 to > 100 and 58.70 to > 100 for coastal and interior runoff, respectively.
Microtox ®.5 minute EC50s ranged from 27.12 to > 100 for coastal runoff and 22.22 to > 100
for interior runoff. Several metals and dehydroabietic acid (DHA) exceeded criteria in runoff
from both sites. Biochemical oxygen demand, alkalinity, pH and metals were significantly higher
(p < 0.05) at the interior site. Sodium and conductivity were higher at the coastal site. No
seasonal differences in runoff quality were observed. Therefore, acute effects would occur during
periods of high runoff, during autumn at the coastal site and late winter at the interior site. The
unpaved interior site generated less runoff per square meter due to ground infiltration. ECs were
comparable to the paved coastal site. Exceptions to this include tannins and lignin (11 fold higher
at the coastal site) and DHA (9 fold higher at the interior site). C. dubia toxicity was partially
associated with TSS for both sites. Tannins and lignins were correlated (r² =0.91) with C. dubia
toxicity for coastal runoff. Tannin and lignin concentrations ranged from 45 to 263 mg/L and 43
to 75 mg/L in coastal and interior samples, respectively.
Since results suggest that TSS is partially responsible for toxicity, and since contaminants are
often bound to TSS, source control and treatment options for TSS should be implemented.
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A comparative assessment of stormwater runoff from a coastal and interior log yardFikart, Alena 11 1900 (has links)
Stormwater runoff from log yards in different BC regions can affect aquatic habitats to varying
degrees given differences in weather, water quality and tree species. The objective of this thesis
was to compare runoff quality and total runoff loadings from a coastal and interior log yard.
Chemical analyses, toxicity tests and treatments were conducted. Data were compared to criteria,
statistically compared between sites and assessed for seasonal trends. Export coefficients (ECs)
were compared between sites. Relationships between toxicological and chemical variables were
explored statistically.
Runoff toxicity was similar between sites and fairly low. LC50s for 48-hour Ceriodaphnia dubia
tests ranged from 32.95 to > 100 and 58.70 to > 100 for coastal and interior runoff, respectively.
Microtox ®.5 minute EC50s ranged from 27.12 to > 100 for coastal runoff and 22.22 to > 100
for interior runoff. Several metals and dehydroabietic acid (DHA) exceeded criteria in runoff
from both sites. Biochemical oxygen demand, alkalinity, pH and metals were significantly higher
(p < 0.05) at the interior site. Sodium and conductivity were higher at the coastal site. No
seasonal differences in runoff quality were observed. Therefore, acute effects would occur during
periods of high runoff, during autumn at the coastal site and late winter at the interior site. The
unpaved interior site generated less runoff per square meter due to ground infiltration. ECs were
comparable to the paved coastal site. Exceptions to this include tannins and lignin (11 fold higher
at the coastal site) and DHA (9 fold higher at the interior site). C. dubia toxicity was partially
associated with TSS for both sites. Tannins and lignins were correlated (r² =0.91) with C. dubia
toxicity for coastal runoff. Tannin and lignin concentrations ranged from 45 to 263 mg/L and 43
to 75 mg/L in coastal and interior samples, respectively.
Since results suggest that TSS is partially responsible for toxicity, and since contaminants are
often bound to TSS, source control and treatment options for TSS should be implemented. / Science, Faculty of / Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for / Graduate
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The end of the pipe : integrated stormwater management and urban design in the Queen’s ditchMurdoch, Scott Philip 11 1900 (has links)
The Queen's Ditch is located three kilometers north of Comox on Vancouver Island and is
roughly 1300 hectares in size. In 1998, the watershed experienced a 1 in 200-year rain event that
flooded much of the lower watershed. The Regional District of Comox-Strathcona is responsible
for land-use planning in the watershed and initiated an investigation into the stormwater runoff
problem. This thesis is divided into two components: a planning phase to identify problems with
watershed hydrology; and a design phase to illustrate urban design that manages stormwater
runoff.
Watershed assessments were conducted at the watershed and sub-watershed scale. Watershed
assessments were descriptive and helped predict future trends in land-use change. These
assessments were not able to identify site specific problems. Sub-watershed assessment was
useful at quantifying and identifying stormwater problems. Planners should use sub-watershed
hydrological performance to guide land-use planning decisions and assess hydrological and
ecological effects of development. The planning phase provides planners with a process to
prioritize candidate areas for development, conservation, and rehabilitation.
The design phase compares urban design and stormwater performance standards of a proposed
conventional design with a sustainable design. The goal of the sustainable design was to mimic
the site's natural hydrology to help reduce off-site runoff, and to ensure adequate groundwater
recharge. Objectives of the sustainable design were to preserve natural vegetation; maintain x>£
time of concentration; reduce and disconnect impervious surfaces,, and treatment first flush
flows.
Comparisons of conventional and sustainable designs indicate that stormwater runoff and
pollution can be managed at the site level. The sustainable design provides forty-seven percent
more dwelling units and exports no stormwater. The sustainable design achieves this without an
expensive stormdrain infrastructure. Stormwater is managed at the site level using small
infiltration depressions and swales. The design works with the natural hydrological processes of
the site to generate a hydrologically sustainable design. Simulated stormwater outputs were used
to test and size infiltration ponds and to assess flooding risks. The sustainable design effectively
manages stormwater production, runoff, and pollution from storm events ranging from polluted
first flush flows to large, flood producing rainstorms.
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The end of the pipe : integrated stormwater management and urban design in the Queen’s ditchMurdoch, Scott Philip 11 1900 (has links)
The Queen's Ditch is located three kilometers north of Comox on Vancouver Island and is
roughly 1300 hectares in size. In 1998, the watershed experienced a 1 in 200-year rain event that
flooded much of the lower watershed. The Regional District of Comox-Strathcona is responsible
for land-use planning in the watershed and initiated an investigation into the stormwater runoff
problem. This thesis is divided into two components: a planning phase to identify problems with
watershed hydrology; and a design phase to illustrate urban design that manages stormwater
runoff.
Watershed assessments were conducted at the watershed and sub-watershed scale. Watershed
assessments were descriptive and helped predict future trends in land-use change. These
assessments were not able to identify site specific problems. Sub-watershed assessment was
useful at quantifying and identifying stormwater problems. Planners should use sub-watershed
hydrological performance to guide land-use planning decisions and assess hydrological and
ecological effects of development. The planning phase provides planners with a process to
prioritize candidate areas for development, conservation, and rehabilitation.
The design phase compares urban design and stormwater performance standards of a proposed
conventional design with a sustainable design. The goal of the sustainable design was to mimic
the site's natural hydrology to help reduce off-site runoff, and to ensure adequate groundwater
recharge. Objectives of the sustainable design were to preserve natural vegetation; maintain x>£
time of concentration; reduce and disconnect impervious surfaces,, and treatment first flush
flows.
Comparisons of conventional and sustainable designs indicate that stormwater runoff and
pollution can be managed at the site level. The sustainable design provides forty-seven percent
more dwelling units and exports no stormwater. The sustainable design achieves this without an
expensive stormdrain infrastructure. Stormwater is managed at the site level using small
infiltration depressions and swales. The design works with the natural hydrological processes of
the site to generate a hydrologically sustainable design. Simulated stormwater outputs were used
to test and size infiltration ponds and to assess flooding risks. The sustainable design effectively
manages stormwater production, runoff, and pollution from storm events ranging from polluted
first flush flows to large, flood producing rainstorms. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate
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