Cheung Chi-Kin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-60). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Cheung Chi-Kin. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.viii / List of Tables --- p.ix / Introduction --- p.1 / Statement of Problem --- p.3 / Research Questions --- p.4 / Significance of the Study --- p.4 / Theoretical contribution --- p.4 / Practical contribution --- p.5 / Review of Literature --- p.6 / Physiological Studies regarding Load Carriage --- p.6 / Energy expenditure --- p.7 / Heart rate --- p.7 / Comparison between physiological studies and biomechanical studies regarding load carrying --- p.8 / Motor Control during Load Carrying --- p.10 / Gait Pattern --- p.11 / Gait pattern under load carrying --- p.11 / Walking velocity --- p.13 / Treadmill vs. overground walking --- p.13 / Trunk Posture --- p.15 / Electromyographic Activity --- p.16 / EMG and muscle force --- p.17 / EMG and fatigue --- p.18 / EMG during load carrying --- p.19 / Load Carrying Studies in Children --- p.21 / Methodology --- p.24 / Design --- p.24 / Subject --- p.24 / Instrumentation --- p.25 / Motion analysis --- p.25 / Electromyography --- p.25 / Heart rate measurement --- p.26 / School bag --- p.26 / Experimental Set-up --- p.27 / Procedures --- p.27 / Data Reduction --- p.29 / Gait parameters --- p.29 / Trunk posture --- p.31 / Electromyographic analysis --- p.32 / Heart rate --- p.34 / Data Analysis --- p.34 / Results --- p.35 / Gait Pattern --- p.35 / Trunk Posture --- p.36 / Electromyographic Activity --- p.37 / Channel 1 --- p.37 / Channel 2 --- p.37 / Channel 3 --- p.38 / Heart Rate --- p.38 / Summary --- p.39 / Discussion --- p.40 / Gait Pattern during Load Carriage --- p.40 / Stride parameters --- p.40 / Temporal parameters --- p.42 / Trunk Posture --- p.43 / Electromyographic Activity --- p.44 / Erector spinea --- p.45 / Upper trapezius --- p.45 / Risk factor from EMG measurement --- p.47 / Heart Rate --- p.47 / Maximum Permissible Backpack Weight for Children --- p.48 / Limitations of the Study --- p.49 / Further Direction --- p.50 / Conclusion --- p.52 / References --- p.53 / Appendix / Appendix A - Subject Information & Consent form --- p.61 / Appendix B - Experiment Set-up --- p.66 / Appendix C - Measurement of Skinfold --- p.67 / Appendix D - Standardized Isometric Maximum Voluntary Contraction --- p.68 / Appendix D - Figures and Tables --- p.69

Lau Tsz Chung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-66). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Lau Tsz Chung. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of contents --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.viii / List of Tables --- p.x / Introduction --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Statement of Problem --- p.3 / Research Question --- p.4 / Significance of the Study --- p.4 / Theoretical Contribution --- p.4 / Practical Contribution --- p.5 / Review of Literature --- p.7 / Load carrying on Level Ground --- p.7 / Research Method Involved --- p.8 / Modified Gait Pattern During Load Carriage --- p.9 / Trunk Posture --- p.10 / Low Back Pain --- p.11 / Posture and Back Pain --- p.12 / Load Carrying Studies in Children --- p.14 / Stair Walking --- p.15 / Compared with Level Walking --- p.15 / Temporal Characteristics --- p.17 / Kinematics Measurement --- p.18 / Stair Dimensions --- p.19 / Stair Walking with Load Carriage --- p.21 / Physiological Studies --- p.21 / Biomechanical Studies --- p.21 / Methodology --- p.24 / Design --- p.24 / Subject --- p.24 / Instrumentation --- p.25 / Motion Analysis System --- p.25 / School Bag --- p.25 / Experimental Set-up --- p.25 / Procedure --- p.26 / Term Definition --- p.27 / Data Analysis --- p.27 / Results --- p.29 / Ascending Stair --- p.29 / Posture --- p.29 / Effect on Load Weight --- p.29 / Effect on Load Carrying Method --- p.30 / Velocity --- p.30 / Parameters of Lower Extremities --- p.30 / Descending Stair --- p.31 / Posture --- p.31 / Effect on Load Weight --- p.31 / Effect on Load Carrying Method --- p.31 / Velocity --- p.32 / Parameters of Lower Extremities --- p.32 / Trend --- p.32 / Summary --- p.33 / Discussion --- p.35 / Ascending Stair --- p.35 / Posture --- p.35 / Different Load Weights --- p.35 / Different Carrying Methods --- p.39 / Velocity --- p.40 / Descending Stair --- p.42 / Posture --- p.42 / Velocity --- p.46 / Parameters of Lower Extremities --- p.47 / Trend --- p.48 / Back Pain --- p.49 / Recommended Carrying Load Method and Weight for Children --- p.50 / Limitations of the Study --- p.52 / Further Study --- p.53 / Conclusion --- p.56 / References --- p.57 / Appendix --- p.67 / Appendix A - The experimental Set-up --- p.67 / Appendix B - Subject Consent Form --- p.68 / Appendix C - Figures and Tables --- p.71