Yoga adherents claim many benefits of the practice, including promotion of bone health and prevention of osteoporosis. However, few, if any, studies have investigated whether yoga enhances bone mineral density. Furthermore, none have identified force generation in yoga. The purpose of this study is to collect ground reaction force (GRF) data on a variety of common hatha yoga postures that would be practiced in fitness centers or private studios. Twelve female and eight male volunteers performed a sequence of 28 common hatha yoga postures while ground reaction force data were collected with an AMTI strain-gauge force plate. The sequence was repeated six times. Four variables were studied: the maximum vertical GRF, the mean vertical GRF, the maximum resultant GRF, and the mean resultant GRF. Univariate analysis was used to identify mean values and standard deviations for each of the four variables. Multivariate analysis revealed some variation due to gender but none due to age or weight. Means were similar across all poses and subjects, and standard deviations were small. This unique yoga sequence produced low impact forces in both upper and lower extremities. Further research is warranted to determine whether these forces are sufficient to promote osteogenesis or maintain current bone health in yoga practitioners.

Yes / Lumbar radiographs remain a common imaging examination despite strategies to reduce their use. Many authors have demonstrated benefits in changing from traditional supine and recumbent lateral projections to a prone and/or erect orientation. Despite evidence of clinical and radiation dose optimisation, widespread adoption of these strategies has stalled. This article describes the single-centre implementation and evaluation of erect PA and lateral projections. This was an observational study pre- and post-implementation of an erect imaging protocol. Patient BMI, image field size, source image and source object distances and DAP were collected together with assessment of radiographic spinal alignment and disc space demonstration. Effective dose was calculated with organ specific doses. 76 (53.5%) patients were imaged in the supine AP and recumbent lateral position, 66 (46.5%) had erect PA and lateral radiographs. Despite the larger BMI of the erect cohort and similar field sizes, effective dose was lower in the PA position by an average of 20% (p

Um bom modelo experimental deve contar com métodos de avaliação eficazes de seus parâmetros. Esta é uma observação importante quando se faz necessária a avaliação da nocicepção e da incapacitação articular em animais experimentais. O estabelecimento de novos critérios aos testes animais é fundamental para que processos inflamatórios articulares possam continuar sendo estudados, entendidos e resolvidos. Buscando contribuir neste sentido, este trabalho realizou a padronização do teste de incapacitação dinâmico (TID) para avaliação da incapacitação articular em modelos experimentais de artrite. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o TID é sensível na avaliação da incapacitação articular em modelos de artrite induzida por antígeno (AIA) ou por zimosana. Além disso é preditivo para o estudo do efeito farmacológico de drogas que interfiram na incapacitação articular como anti-inflamatórias ou analgésicas. Desde o início da década de 90, quando participação das células da glia na dor foi descrita, diversos trabalhos surgiram mostrando seu papel em diferentes modelos animais. A participação das células da glia espinais na dor e incapacitação em modelos experimentais de artrite e artrite reumatoide têm sido relatada, mas não há descrição desta participação em função do tempo de indução do processo inflamatório articular. Por meio de ferramentas farmacológicas e moleculares, este trabalho mostra que as células da glia, tanto espinais como do gânglio da raiz dorsal estão participando na gênese e manutenção da incapacitação inflamatória articular em modelo de AIA. A participação destas células ocorre por meio da liberação de IL-1? e TNF? em nível medular e pela primeira vez é mostrado que a ativação astrocítica parece preceder a ativação microglial neste modelo. / A good experimental model must rely on effective methods of evaluation of its parameters. This is an important observation when it is necessary to evaluate the articular nociception and disability in experimental animals. Establishing new criteria to test animals is essential for inflammatory joint can continue being studied, understood and resolved. Seeking help in this sense, this work constitutes a test dynamic weight bearing (DWB) standardization for assessment of articular incapacitation in experimental models of arthritis. The results show that the DWB is sensitive in assessing the impairment models articular antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) or zimosana. Furthermore is predictive for studying the pharmacological effects of drugs that interfere with articular incapacitation as antiinflammatory or analgesic. Since the early 90s, when participation of glial cells in pain was described, several studies have emerged showing its role in different animal models. The involvement of glial cells in the spinal pain and disability in experimental models of arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis have been reported, but no description of this contribution versus time of induction of joint inflammation. Through molecular and pharmacological tools, this work shows that the glial cells, both as the spinal dorsal root ganglio are participating in the genesis and maintenance of inflammatory joint incapacitation in AIA model. The participation of these cells occurs through the release of IL-1? and TNF? in the spinal cord and the first time it is shown that astrocytic activation appears to precede the microglial activation in this model.

Um bom modelo experimental deve contar com métodos de avaliação eficazes de seus parâmetros. Esta é uma observação importante quando se faz necessária a avaliação da nocicepção e da incapacitação articular em animais experimentais. O estabelecimento de novos critérios aos testes animais é fundamental para que processos inflamatórios articulares possam continuar sendo estudados, entendidos e resolvidos. Buscando contribuir neste sentido, este trabalho realizou a padronização do teste de incapacitação dinâmico (TID) para avaliação da incapacitação articular em modelos experimentais de artrite. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o TID é sensível na avaliação da incapacitação articular em modelos de artrite induzida por antígeno (AIA) ou por zimosana. Além disso é preditivo para o estudo do efeito farmacológico de drogas que interfiram na incapacitação articular como anti-inflamatórias ou analgésicas. Desde o início da década de 90, quando participação das células da glia na dor foi descrita, diversos trabalhos surgiram mostrando seu papel em diferentes modelos animais. A participação das células da glia espinais na dor e incapacitação em modelos experimentais de artrite e artrite reumatoide têm sido relatada, mas não há descrição desta participação em função do tempo de indução do processo inflamatório articular. Por meio de ferramentas farmacológicas e moleculares, este trabalho mostra que as células da glia, tanto espinais como do gânglio da raiz dorsal estão participando na gênese e manutenção da incapacitação inflamatória articular em modelo de AIA. A participação destas células ocorre por meio da liberação de IL-1? e TNF? em nível medular e pela primeira vez é mostrado que a ativação astrocítica parece preceder a ativação microglial neste modelo. / A good experimental model must rely on effective methods of evaluation of its parameters. This is an important observation when it is necessary to evaluate the articular nociception and disability in experimental animals. Establishing new criteria to test animals is essential for inflammatory joint can continue being studied, understood and resolved. Seeking help in this sense, this work constitutes a test dynamic weight bearing (DWB) standardization for assessment of articular incapacitation in experimental models of arthritis. The results show that the DWB is sensitive in assessing the impairment models articular antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) or zimosana. Furthermore is predictive for studying the pharmacological effects of drugs that interfere with articular incapacitation as antiinflammatory or analgesic. Since the early 90s, when participation of glial cells in pain was described, several studies have emerged showing its role in different animal models. The involvement of glial cells in the spinal pain and disability in experimental models of arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis have been reported, but no description of this contribution versus time of induction of joint inflammation. Through molecular and pharmacological tools, this work shows that the glial cells, both as the spinal dorsal root ganglio are participating in the genesis and maintenance of inflammatory joint incapacitation in AIA model. The participation of these cells occurs through the release of IL-1? and TNF? in the spinal cord and the first time it is shown that astrocytic activation appears to precede the microglial activation in this model.

The initial recommendation for the postoperative regime after uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) was 6-12 weeks of partial weight bearing (PWB) to obtain a stable implant position during bone ingrowth. In recent years patients with uncemented THA have increasingly practiced full weight bearing (FWB) after surgery, which has largely been based on clinical experience rather than on scientific evidence. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of FWB versus PWB for 3 months on the stability of the implants and on bone mineral density (BMD), as well as body composition (BC) of the lower extremities. We used radiostereometric analysis (RSA) to measure implant micromotion and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure BMD and BC. Forty-six patients with strictly unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip (OAH) received uncemented THA. These patients were then randomized to the FWB or PWB groups and followed for 5 years. In a preoperative cross-sectional study the BMD of the hip and heel were compared between the OAH-affected side and the healthy side. The study showed an increase of BMD at the femoral neck and a decrease at the total hip and trochanter. The results of a RSA study of cup stability showed that there might be minimal movement in medial and proximal directions during the first postoperative week. These results indicate that the RSA baseline investigation of uncemented cups should be performed as early as possible after the first postoperative day. FWB had no adverse effects on the stability of the uncemented press-fit cups or the uncemented cementless Spotorno (CLS) femoral stems after a 5-year follow-up. There was no difference in periprosthetic BMD around the CLS stem regardless of the postoperative weight bearing regime. All zones around the femoral stem indicated a recovery in BMD toward baselines, except the calcar region, which showed progressive loss in BMD to -22% at 5 years post-surgery. FWB had no effect on the changes in BC after surgery. In conclusion, FWB is safe in uncemented THA in terms of stability, BMD and BC. Furthermore, THA apparently counteracts age-related changes in BC but not in BMD.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : University, 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

BACKGROUND: In order to maintain non-weight bearing restrictions of the lower extremity, an assistive device must be utilized. Currently most devices require the restricted limb to be held in a static position while the contralateral extremity provides forward propulsion. Atrophy and disuse conditions ensue rapidly, slowing healing and prolonging recovery. A hands-free single crutch (HFSC) utilizes both lower extremities, potentially reducing atrophy. The purpose of this study was to examine the Electromyography (EMG) differences between a HFSC and standard axillary crutches (SAC). METHODS: A prospective, crossover study was performed using 21 healthy volunteers from an active duty foot and ankle clinic. Demographic data was obtained and then subjects were fitted with a HFSC and SAC. Wireless surface EMG sensors were applied to the belly of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and the gluteus maximus (GM) by a board-certified orthopedic surgeon. Subjects then ambulated at a self-selected velocity for 30 meters, while 15 seconds of the gait cycle was recorded for each device. Mean muscle activity and the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were recorded. RESULTS: The RF, GM, and LG showed statistically significant increased levels of muscle activity while using the HFSC compared to SAC (respectively P = 0.05, P = 0.03, P = 0.03). The VL did not show statistically higher muscle activity while using the HFSC (P = 0.051). The RF, GM, and VL showed statistically significant higher MVIC percentages while using the HFSC compared to using SAC (respectively P = 0.005, P = 0.005, P = 0.013). The LG did not show statistically higher MVIC percentage while using the HFSC (P = 0.076). CONCLUSION: The HFSC subjects demonstrated increased muscle recruitment and intensity while maintaining cyclic contractions consistent with bipedal gait pattern. SAC demonstrated less recruitment and intensity with an isometric pattern regardless of the phase of gait. / 2022-06-04T00:00:00Z

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 乙第13033号 / 論人健博第2号 / 新制||人健||3(附属図書館) / 32991 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 坪山 直生, 教授 黒木 裕士, 教授 妻木 範行 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

As upper-limb rehabilitation devices development continue to grow, lower limb rehabilitation devices have limited development. Thus a device that measures weight bearing of heel and forefoot during gait and also produces auditory feedback at certain thresholds were made in this project. The device was constructed based on an ARM-Core microcontroller and was supported by 5 force sensing resistor sensors for each foot. Communications between the modules and the computer as the GUI were established using an UART interface. For testing, sensors were placed beneath the foot using a stretchable cloth so each different subjects’ pressure points were correctly placed. The biofeedback used for this device was by enabling a buzzer and LED embedded to the designed board that turns on when heel strike or push off reached acertain threshold. Testing were divided into phase one and two. From phase one, it was concluded that both push off and heel strike event can have a reading exceeding 8.5% of the body weight. It was then used as a threshold for the biofeedback event. During the biofeedback tests, improvements in the subjects’ walking pattern and reading were noted. Results suggest that biofeedback can change the behavior of the subject. / I takt med att utvecklingen av rehabilitationsapparater i övre extremiteterna fortsätter att växa, har rehabiliteringsanordningar för nedre extremiteterna begränsad utveckling. Således gjordes en anordning som mäter viktbearbetning av häl och framfot under gång och också ger hörselåterkoppling vid vissa trösklar i detta projekt. Enheten var konstruerad baserad på en ARM-Core mikrokontroller och stöds av 5 kraftsavkännande motståndssensorer för varje fot. Kommunikation mellan modulerna och datorn som GUI upprättades medhjälp av ett UART-gränssnitt. För testning placerades sensorer under foten meden töjbar duk så att varje olika försöks tryckpunkter placerades korrekt. Den biofeedback som användes för den här enheten var genom att aktivera en summer och LED inbäddad i det konstruerade kortet som slås på när hälslaget eller skjutstoppet nådde en viss tröskel. Testningen delades in i fas en och två. Frånfas ett drogs slutsatsen att både push off och hälstreffhändelse kan ha en avläsningsom överstiger 8.5% av kroppsvikt. Den användes sedan som en tröskelför biofeedback-händelsen. Under biofeedback-testen noterades förbättringar i försökspersonernas gångmönster och läsning. Resultaten tyder på att biofeedback kan förändra beteendet hos ämnet.

Due the fear of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), parents have been putting infants on their backs. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) started to recommend balancing sleeping in supine with prone play - also called Tummy Time-to encourage optimal, healthy infant development (Zachry & Kitzman, 2011). Due to various reasons, parents avoid putting the infants in the prone position even when awake. Evidence-based literature has shown that infants sleeping in supine without spending time in prone can lead to motor delay in their first year of life (Barlett & Fanning Kneale, 2003; Dudek-Shriber & Zelazny, 2007). Evidence also shows that weight bearing in prone is associated with motor development (Salls et al. 2002). This doctoral project attempts to identify the links between prone activities, postural control and fine motor development through research on evidence-based literature. It also provides a theoretical foundation, investigates the evidence and best practice in designing an educational package on prone play for typically developing and high risks infants. It also advocates best practice in occupational therapy by addressing a lack of evidenced based literature and attempts to add to the knowledge base in regards to tummy time and its effect on fine motor development. The target audiences are parents and caregivers of infants; the health care professionals that work with them; the funding agencies and policy makers. The qualitative and quantitative benefits of the parent education program will align with health promotion and wellness initiatives of the Ontario government. The project will describes a detailed evaluation plan and dissemination of results with estimated budgets. This will include presentation to the community and the ministries in the government. The project will contribute to these areas of occupational therapy: (1) addressing evidence-based practice in tummy time with typically developing and high risks infants; (2) providing best practice for implementing a Prone to Play program to foster upper extremity motor development; and (3) promoting health and wellness initiatives in occupational therapy.