Este estudo é dedicado a uma análise das mudanças ocorridas nas situações de vida da população de idosos rurais de Santana da Boa Vista – Rio Grande do Sul, a partir do acesso aos benefícios previdenciários. Insere-se em um Programa Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa que busca integrar enfoques multidisciplinares na análise do desenvolvimento rural em regiões do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, mais especificamente a chamada Metade Sul. Trata-se de uma região social e economicamente marginalizada que sofre crescente desaceleração econômica, com reflexos sociais importantes, quando comparada a outras regiões do Estado. Dentre os objetivos, além de descrever e analisar as mudanças ocorridas na vida de idosos rurais do município de Santana da Boa Vista, a partir da cobertura previdenciária, buscou-se conhecer o papel do idoso beneficiário, na família e analisar suas interrelações. Investigaram-se alterações nos padrões de sucessão da família e bases em que se constituem as “novas” relações de poder e autoridade. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo com coleta e análise qualitativa de dados por meio de roteiro de entrevista, combinando perguntas fechadas e abertas, com 30 idosos, residentes no meio rural do Município estudado, beneficiados pela Previdência Social. Para análise dos dados optou-se por trabalhar com o conteúdo temático, que consistiu em descobrir os núcleos de sentido que compõem as comunicações, cuja presença ou frequência signifiquem alguma coisa para o objetivo analítico visado. Os resultados alcançados pelas entrevistas mostraram um número maior de homens entre os idosos, grande número de viúvas, baixa escolaridade e predomínio da cor branca. Em relação à situação econômica, constatou-se que a renda dos benefícios previdenciários contribui significativamente para a vida das famílias dos idosos entrevistados, assim como, possibilita a essas melhorias materiais nas condições de vida. Os problemas de saúde são basicamente doenças crônicas comuns ao envelhecimento, sendo que, as limitações geradas por elas estão geralmente ligadas à capacidade de continuarem trabalhando na atividade agrícola. A religiosidade está presente na vida de todos os idosos e influencia suas relações sociais. As relações de vizinhança foram consideradas fundamentais aos entrevistados, manifestadas pela solidariedade e ajuda mútua. Observou-se, a partir das concepções e percepções próprias dos idosos, que os benefícios previdenciários proporcionamlhes diminuição da sua “carga” de trabalho, pois recebem um dinheiro regular mês a mês, bem como continuarem morando no meio rural, lugar do qual não cogitam sair e, principalmente, um maior empoderamento perante suas famílias, ajudando os filhos e netos, com quem planejam o futuro e criam estratégias de sobrevivência para se manterem no meio rural. / This study analyzes the changes which occurred in the life situations of the rural older adult population of Santana da Boa Vista – Rio Grande do Sul, with the social welfare benefits. The study is part of an Interdisciplinary Research Program that aims at integrating a multidisciplinary focus on the analysis of the rural development in areas of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, more precisely in the region known as Metade Sul. This is a socially and economically marginalized area that presents increasing economic degradation, with important social consequences, when compared to other regions of the state. In addition to describing and analyzing the changes that occurred in the life of the rural older people in the town of Santana da Boa Vista from the social welfare help, we endeavored to understand the role of the older adult beneficiary in the family and to analyze their interrelations. Changes were investigated in family succession patterns and also in the bases that constitute the ‘new’ relations of power and authority. Therefore, it is an exploratory and descriptive study with collection and qualitative data analysis via interviews, combining closed and open questions. For the data analysis we preferred to work with the thematic content which consisted in discovering the nucleus of meaning that compose the communication, whose presence or frequency represents something for the aimed analytical focus. The results obtained from the interviews showed a larger number of men among the older people, with a great number of them being widows, having a lower education than the average and most of them being white. Regarding the economic situation, we verified that the income provided by the social welfare benefits contributes dramatically to the life of the families of the older people being interviewed, making it possible material improvements in the living conditions. The health problems are basically chronic diseases common of ageing, and the limitations generated by them are in general related to the capacity of continuing the rural work activities. Religion is present in all the older adults’ life and influences their social relations. Neighborhood relations, manifested through solidarity and mutual help, were considered fundamental by the interviewees. From the conceptions and perceptions of the older adults, it was observed that the social welfare benefits allow them to diminish their workload, since they receive a regular amount of money per month, while they go on living in the rural environment (a place which they do not consider leaving). The benefits also give them a larger power in front of their families, since they can help their children and grandchildren, with whom they plan the future and create survival strategies to remain in the rural environment. / Este estudio se centra el un análisis de los cambios ocurridos en las situaciones de vida de las personas de mayor edad en el medio rural de Santana da Boa Vista – Rio Grande do Sul, después del acceso de los beneficios de la seguridad social. Se inserta en un Programa Interdisciplinario de Investigación que busca integrar enfoques multidisciplinarios en el análisis del desarrollo rural en regiones del Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, más específicamente en la llamada Metade Sul. Esta es una región social y económicamente marginada que sufre una creciente desaceleración económica, con reflejos sociales importantes, cuando comparada con otras regiones del Estado. Entre los objetivos, além de describir y analizar los cambios ocurridos en la vida de las personas de mayor edad el rural del municipio de Santana da Boa Vista, después del acceso a la seguridad social, se busca conocer el papel de la persona de mayor edad jubilado, en la familia y analizar las relaciones de la familia con él. Se investigaron las alteraciones en los patrones de sucesión de la familia y las bases sobre las que se constituyen las "nuevas" relaciones de poder y autoridad. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con recolección de información y análisis de tipo cualitativo de los datos a través de una guía de entrevista, que combina preguntas cerradas y abiertas, con 30 personas de mayor edade, residente en el medio rural del Município estudiado, beneficiados por el Seguridad Social. Para el análisis de los datos se opto por trabajar con el contenido temático, que consistió en descubrir los núcleos de sentido que componen las comunicaciones, cuya presencia o frecuencia significan algo para el objetivo analítico propuesto. Los resultados alcanzados a partir de las entrevistas mostraron un número más grande de hombres entre las personas de mayor edad, un gran número de viudas, baja escolaridad y predominio del color blanco. En relación con la situación económica, se constató que el ingreso a la seguridad social contribuyó de manera significativa para la vida de las familias de las personas de mayor edad entrevistadas, permitiéndoles mejoras materiales en las condiciones de vida. Los problemas de salud están en su mayoría relacionados con enfermedades crónicas comunes al envejecimiento, donde las limitaciones generadas por aquellas están generalmente articuladas a la capacidad de ellos para continuar trabajando en la actividad agrícola. La religiosidad está presente en la vida de todas las personas de mayor edad e influencia sus relaciones sociales. Las relaciones de vecindad fueron consideradas fundamentales para los entrevistados, manifestadas a través de la solidaridad y la ayuda mutua. Se observó, a partir de las concepciones y percepciones de ellos que los beneficios de la seguridad social les proporcionan una reducción en su “carga” de trabajo, porque reciben un dinero regular mes a mes, así como continúan viviendo en el medio rural, lugar del cual ellos no piensan en salir y, principalmente, un mayor empoderamiento frente a sus familias, ya que ayudando a los hijos y nietos, con quien planean el futuro y crean las estrategias de supervivencia para permanecer en el medio rural.

The topic of the thesis is {\clqq} The examination of state of health of citizens for the purposes of social welfare benefits.{\crqq} Medical statement sevice ensures this activity, which has a wide medical, social, employment and economic importance. On 1st January 2006 the first instance medical statement service was divided into the insurance and non-insurance system. OSSZ and ČSSZ continues providing examinations for the insurance systems while the examination for the non-insurance system is carried out by physicians of the newly created examination services of employment agencies. The paper aims at analysing the so far experience of the medical statement service after the division into the insurance and non-insurance system. I presume that the division of the medical statement service and its transformation have been effective. I have dealt with the medical statement system in the most wide context. In the theoretical part I have concentrated on historical development of the medical statement service, on its system and the scope of activity of the medical statement service and I did not omit the examination of state of health of citizens for the purposes of the social welfare systems. In the practical part I concentrated on physicians carrying out medical statements for employment agencies and district administrations of social welfare, on their feelings, opinions on the reorganization of the medical statement service in 2006. The research was carried out in Central Bohemia region with the view to evaluate the division of the medical statement service in the insurance and non-insurance system. A quantitave attitude was chosen for this research usingt the questionnaire method. Two types of questionnaires were handed out: for physicians of the medical statement service of employment agencies and for physicians of medical statement service of district administration of social welfare system. In total there were 40 questionnaires handed out to the physicians of medical statement service of district administration of social welfare system and 25 to the physicians of the medical statement service of employment agencies. 34 (100%) questionnaires were used filled by the employment agencies physicians and 16 (100%) questionnaires filled by the physicians of the district administration of social welfare system. I chose the graph form to process the research part of the paper. The principal hypothesis was confirmed. For both the physicians of the medical statement service of employment agencies and physicians of medical statement service of district administration of social welfare system was proved that the division of the medical statement service into the insurance and non-insurance system was effective. Further activities within the organization of the medical statement service should endeavour to depict small discrepancies and to ensure a continuous improvement of the system.

{\clqq}Everyone is equal before the law{\crqq} which applies also for the field of social services since 1st January 2007 because after many years of preparatory stages Act n. 108/2006 Sb. On Social Services entered in force. This act having been passed means a break through moment for social workers, social services providers as well as for the citizens and beneficiaries of social benefits and services. The paper is divided in a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part I dealt with the development of social services, introduction of the new Act n. 108/2006 Sb. On Social Services into our social system and I compared the allowance for attendance of a next of kin or other person according to Act n. 100/1998 Sb. On Social Welfare and the attendance allowance according to Act n. 108/2006 Sb. On Social Services. In the practical part I concentrated solely on the attendance allowance since, according to my point of view, this is the greatest change the new Act On Social Services brought about and it plays a very important part in this field. The research was carried out using the questionnaire research method. The questionnaire was filled out by social workers employed in the attendance allowance department at local authorities of communities with extended powers in South Bohemia. 57 questionnaires were handed out, 48 of which were in total used for the paper. Graphs were used to evaluate the research part. The goal of the paper was the assessment using the SWOT analysis of the allowance for attendance of a next of kin or other person according to Act n. 100/1998 Sb. On Social Welfare and the attendance allowance according to Act n. 108/2006 Sb. On Social Services. Regarding this goal the following hypothesis was set: Social workers consider the attendance allowance according to Act n. 108/2006 Sb. On Social Services offering more strong points and more opportunities than the allowance for attendance of a next of kin or other person according to Act n. 100/1998 Sb. On Social Welfare. Results of the carried out research confirm this hypothesis. In spite of other problems that are to be dealt with in connection with this Act, we can presume that the introduction of the attendance allowance into the system of social services was and shall be the right step.