Thesis (Ph. D)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 120 p.; also includes graphics. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Acadia University, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Acadia University, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

本研究選取香港十二個淡水濕地，在二零零九年六月至二零一零年六月間調查其環境特性、蝌蚪及其相關的捕食者的種類和數量，以瞭解重要的環境因素如何影響蝌蚪在淡水濕地的多樣性及數量。三種蝌蚪（澤蛙、斑腿泛樹蛙及沼蛙）被選為研究對象，比較蝌蚪面對不同捕食者（中國鬥魚、食蚊魚、日本真龍虱及偉蜓科稚蟲）的外觀及行為反應，以瞭解蝌蚪的分佈與其面對捕食者的反應的關係，及調查捕食者的捕食效率。 / 在十二個淡水濕地的調查記錄了十一種兩棲類、十六種淡水魚類、三十一種蜻蜓（二十四種差翅亞目及七種束翅亞目）、四種鞘翅目及三種半翅目。沼蛙蝌蚪分佈最廣，出現在永久性及季節性濕地。斑腿泛樹蛙蝌蚪傾向出現於沒有捕食者的季節性濕地，澤蛙則傾向出現在沒有捕食者但水文週期較長的濕地。食蚊魚及狹腹灰蜻是數量最多及分佈最廣的淡水魚類和蜻蜓品種。 / 環境特性對蝌蚪在濕地的種類及數量的影響大於捕食者。水文週期與濕地的環境特性及捕食者種類關連，是最具影響力的環境因素。蝌蚪的多樣性於季節性濕地最高，而蜻蜓的多樣性則與水文週期長度成正相關。其他環境特性如基質，水位及植被覆蓋率對個別蝌蚪品種的數量有影響。 / 澤蛙、斑腿泛樹蛙及沼蛙能夠分辨不同種類的捕食者，並對魚類和無脊椎捕食者作出不同的外觀及行為反應。與無脊椎捕食者並存時，斑腿泛樹蛙蝌蚪在身體與尾部的交接處發展出較大而明顯的白斑，發展出較大尾部的蝌蚪的生長速度比對照組慢。與捕食者並存時，斑腿泛樹蛙及沼蛙蝌蚪的尾部顏色改變。斑腿泛樹蛙蝌蚪的游泳速度與身體形態相關，澤蛙及沼蛙蝌蚪則與體型大小相關。當面對捕食者時，三種蝌蚪均減少活動時間，游泳距離及速度。對比面對魚類時，在無脊椎捕食者之下，沼蛙蝌蚪的低活躍程度的維持時間較長。蝌蚪面對捕食者的反應的多樣性和蝌蚪與捕食者的相遇機率成正相關。 / 在田野調查中，發現魚類對蝌蚪數量的影響比蜻蜓稚蟲大，而鞘翅目及半翅目的數量則與蝌蚪數量沒有關連，由此推斷後兩者非蝌蚪的主要捕食者。中國鬥魚是最具效率的蝌蚪捕食者，相比之下食蚊魚雖捕食較少數量的蝌蚪，但憑其捕食習慣及野外數量之多足以導致蝌蚪種群數量下降。蜻蜓稚蟲也是具效率的蝌蚪捕食者，但因為蜻蜓稚蟲的羽化時間與兩棲類的繁殖時間同步（即稚蟲離開水體而蝌蚪進入水體時間基本重疊），總體上對蝌蚪構成較低的捕食風險。 / Environmental characteristics, larval amphibian assemblages and associated predators in twelve freshwater wetlands in Hong Kong were investigated from June 2009 to June 2010, in order to identify the key environmental characteristic(s) affecting the richness and abundance of tadpoles in freshwater wetlands in Hong Kong. Predator induced changes in morphology and behavior of three tadpole species (Fejervarya limnocharis, Polypedates megacephalus and Rana guentheri) were examined under the presence of Paradise Fish (Macropodus opercularis), Mosquito Fish (Gambusia affinis), Cybister and dragonfly naiads (Aeshnid) in order to investigate predator inducible defense(s) in local tadpoles and its relation to tadpoles’ distribution and effectiveness of local predators. / Fauna assemblages in 12 freshwater wetlands included 11 amphibian, 16 fish, 31 odonate (24 Anisoptera and 7 Zygoptera), four coleopteran and three hemipteran species. R. guentheri was the most widespread species and occupied both permanent and temporary wetlands. P. megacephalus were most commonly found in temporary wetlands without predators and F. limnocharis were common in wetlands with longer hydroperiod but without predators. Mosquito fish and Orthetrum sabina sabina were the most abundant and widespread fish and dragonfly species, respectively. / Abundance and occurrence of individual tadpole species were more attributable to environmental characteristics than to predators. Wetland hydroperiod was the most influential factor that correlated with environmental characteristics and occurrence of predator species. Larval amphibian richness was highest in temporary wetlands while dragonfly richness increased with habitat permanence. Other environmental characteristics such as substrate types, water depth and vegetation coverage also affected abundance of individual amphibian species. / Three tadpole species were capable of recognizing predators and exhibiting differential inducible changes when exposed to invertebrate and fish predators. P. megacephalus exhibited a large and prominent white spot at the body-tail intersection in the presence of invertebrate predators, and exhibited a growth cost in maintaining an enlarged tail. Tail coloration changed in P. megacephalus and R. guentheri in the presence of predators. Burst swimming performance was associated with body shape in P. megacephalus and to body size in R. guentheri and F. limnocharis. All three tadpole species showed a reduction in active time, travel distance and swimming speed in the presence of predators. R. guentheri reduced activity level for a longer time period after sensing invertebrate predation cues than after sensing fish cues. The variations in plasticity of predator-induced traits increased with predator encounter rate. / Fish caused a greater impact on tadpole abundance than dragonflies in field study, while coleopterans and hemipterans were probably not the major predators of tadpoles as no negative correlation with tadpoles were found. Efficiency of predation varied among fish species. The Paradise Fish was an efficient predator of tadpoles. Mosquito fish consumed fewer tadpoles and yet could cause a significant decline in tadpole populations by its foraging behavior and abundance in local freshwater wetlands. Dragonflies were efficient predator of tadpoles, however, the predation risk to tadpoles could be alleviated by synchronized timing of naiad emergence and amphibian breeding, along with predator-induced defenses of the tadpoles. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Wong, Chuk Kwan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-215). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstracts --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.vii / of Contents --- p.ix / List of Tables --- p.xii / List of Figures --- p.xv / List of Plates --- p.xvii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Wetlands --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Definition --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Wetland functions --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Hydrology and hydroperiod --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Predation and inducible defenses --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Predictions on inducible defenses --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2 --- Hong Kong Situations --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Climates in Hong Kong --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Amphibians diversity and habitats --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Habitat loss in Hong Kong and neighboring regions --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Wetland conservation policy in Hong Kong --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3 --- Knowledge Gap and Significance --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5 --- Thesis Layout --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Assemblages of larval amphibians and associated predators in freshwater wetlands in Hong Kong --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Study sites --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Fauna survey --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Hydroperiod estimation --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Environmental characteristics --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Water quality --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Data analysis --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Multivariate analysis --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Data transformation --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Site characteristics --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Environmental characteristics --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Seasonal variation in water quality and wetness score --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- Seasonal variation in water quality in four wetland types --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Species assemblages in local wetlands --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Tadpoles --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Dragonflies --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Damselflies --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.2.4 --- Freshwater fish --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.2.5 --- Coleopterans and hemipterans --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.2.6 --- Seasonal variations in species assemblages --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Biodiversity of study sites --- p.58 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Species richness in study sites --- p.58 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Species abundance in study sites --- p.63 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Multivariate analysis --- p.64 / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- Global approach --- p.64 / Chapter 2.3.4.2 --- Independent approach --- p.76 / Chapter 2.3.4.3 --- Predator approach --- p.81 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Hydroperiod and faunal assemblages --- p.92 / Chapter 2.3.5.1 --- Effect of hydroperiod on wetland diversity --- p.92 / Chapter 2.3.5.2 --- Effects of hydroperiod on faunal groups --- p.94 / Chapter 2.3.5.3 --- Effects of hydroperiod on species composition --- p.96 / Chapter 2.3.5.4 --- Comparison with other explanatory variables --- p.98 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Hydroperiod, environmental characteristics and predation --- p.98 / Chapter 2.3.6.1 --- Effects of hydroperiod on environmental characteristics --- p.98 / Chapter 2.3.6.2 --- Effects of environmental characteristics on tadpoles --- p.99 / Chapter 2.3.6.3 --- Effects of predation on tadpoles --- p.99 / Chapter 2.3.6.4 --- Relative importance of environmental characteristics and predation --- p.100 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Tadpole traits, wetland permanence and predation pressure --- p.100 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.104 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusions --- p.112 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Predator-induced plasticity in tadpoles and its effect on survivorship under the presence of different groups of predator --- p.113 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.113 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.117 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Egg collection --- p.117 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Predator collection --- p.118 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Experimental design --- p.119 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Predator induced plasticity in tadpoles --- p.119 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Predation experiment --- p.126 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Data analysis --- p.128 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.130 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Morphological responses --- p.131 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Tail coloration --- p.135 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Burst swimming performance --- p.144 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Life history --- p.149 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Activity test --- p.153 / Chapter 3.3.5.1 --- Predator effects on activity level of Paddy Frog tadpoles --- p.153 / Chapter 3.3.5.2 --- Predator effects on activity level of Brown Tree Frog tadpoles --- p.157 / Chapter 3.3.5.3 --- Predator effects on activity level of Guenther’s Frog tadpoles --- p.160 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Predation experiment --- p.164 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.174 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Inducible changes in Paddy Frog tadpoles --- p.174 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Inducible changes in Brown Tree Frog tadpoles --- p.175 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Inducible response to rarely encountered fish --- p.178 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Inducible changes in Guenther’s Frog tadpoles --- p.179 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Effect of inducible defenses on tadpole survival --- p.180 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Predator inducible changes and hydroperiod gradient --- p.181 / Chapter 3.4.7 --- Predator strength --- p.183 / Chapter 3.4.8 --- Importance of predation on tadpole assemblages --- p.185 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.186 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- General Conclusions --- p.187 / Chapter 4.1 --- Summary --- p.187 / Chapter 4.2 --- Applications --- p.189 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Mitigation wetlands --- p.189 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Design --- p.189 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Placement --- p.192 / Chapter 4.2.1.3 --- Management practices --- p.192 / Chapter 4.2.1.4 --- Natural model of temporary wetland --- p.194 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Wetland conservation --- p.195 / Chapter 4.3 --- Further studies --- p.197 / References --- p.199 / Appendices --- p.216

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.