published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Wong, Man Shan Michelle. / Thesis submitted in: November 2006. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-167). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.I / Abstract --- p.III / Table of contents --- p.VI / List of Tables --- p.X / List of Figures --- p.XI / List of Plates --- p.XIV / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Wetlands --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Importance of wetlands --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Wetland plants --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Adaptations of wetland plants to flooding --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Effects of hydrology on wetland plants --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6 --- Other factors affecting plant growth in wetlands --- p.16 / Chapter 1.7 --- Wetlands in the world --- p.19 / Chapter 1.8 --- Wetlands in Hong Kong --- p.19 / Chapter 1.8.1 --- Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site --- p.19 / Chapter 1.8.2 --- Wetland conservation in Hong Kong --- p.21 / Chapter 1.9 --- "Successful cases and constraints on wetland restoration, creation and conservation" --- p.22 / Chapter 1.9.1 --- The Ramsar Convention and wetland conservation --- p.22 / Chapter 1.9.2 --- Constraints in wetland restoration and creation --- p.32 / Chapter 1.9.3 --- Cases of wetland restoration and creation --- p.32 / Chapter 1.9.3.1 --- Restoring the habitat of endangered bird in southern California --- p.33 / Chapter 1.9.3.2 --- Creating tidal wetlands in San Diego Bay --- p.33 / Chapter 1.9.4 --- Constraints on wetland restoration and creation in Hong Kong --- p.33 / Chapter 1.9.4.1 --- Small scaled projects --- p.33 / Chapter 1.9.4.2 --- Lack of long-term management --- p.34 / Chapter 1.9.4.3 --- Lack of clear goals and objectives --- p.34 / Chapter 1.10 --- "Objectives, significance and outline of the present study" --- p.35 / Chapter 1.10.1 --- Research objectives --- p.35 / Chapter 1.10.2 --- Significance of the research --- p.35 / Chapter 1.10.3 --- Outlines of the thesis --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Growth performance of selected species of freshwater emergents under different levels of submergence in a natural wetland / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Site description --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Planting --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Sampling --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Water --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Soil --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Plants --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Water --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Soil --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- Plants --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Water quality in the trial plots at the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Soil properties in plots under different levels of submergence at the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Growth of freshwater emergents under different submergence levels --- p.59 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Aboveground biomass --- p.59 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Plant nutrient concentrations --- p.66 / Chapter 2.3.3.3 --- Plant nutrient yields --- p.67 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusions --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Growth performance of selected species of freshwater emergents under different levels of submergence in a created wetland / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Site description --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Planting --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Sampling --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Water --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Soil --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Plants --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Analysis --- p.85 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Water --- p.85 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Soil --- p.86 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Plants --- p.86 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Water quality in the freshwater marshes at the Hong Kong Wetland Park --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Soil properties in the freshwater marshes under different levels of submergence at the Hong Kong Wetland Park --- p.92 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Growth of freshwater emergents under different submergence levels --- p.100 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Aboveground biomass --- p.100 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Plant nutrient concentrations --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Plant nutrient yields --- p.109 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.112 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Growth performance of selected species of freshwater emergents under different levels of submergence and soil types in a greenhouse pot experiment / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.114 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.115 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Experimental setup --- p.115 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Harvesting --- p.117 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Tissue analysis --- p.117 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.117 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.118 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Aboveground biomass --- p.118 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Plant nutrient concentrations --- p.128 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Plant nutrient yields --- p.134 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.140 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- General Conclusions / Chapter 5.1 --- Summary and implications of major findings --- p.142 / Chapter 5.2 --- Limitations of the study --- p.144 / Chapter 5.3 --- Further investigations --- p.145 / References --- p.148

Conserving ecologically important sites under private ownership has long been the problem to the Government. In Mai Po and Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site, wetland habitat comprises of a number of fishponds under private ownership. The land ownership issue hinders these fishponds from wetland conservation. Conventional conservation approach, which relies on nature reserve designation and land acquisition, is not always applicable due to huge financial implication. To resolve the issue, the Government launched Public-private Partnership Scheme in 2004, to encourage wetland conservation projects on private lands through integration of wetland conservation and development. In recent years, projects applied through Public-private Partnership Scheme have received strong objection from the public and green groups. They criticize the projects will impose potential impacts on wetland habitat and threats on biodiversity values. This study identified the inadequacies of Public-private Partnership Scheme and to analyze the root causes leading to ineffectiveness. The result of evaluation found several inadequacies in Public-private Partnership Scheme, including (i) ignorance of overall biodiversity values; (ii) weak linkage between conservation and development objectives and result in incompatible land uses; (iii) neglected the interest of powerless stakeholders in the design of trade-off and incentives; (iv) lacks of other policies, cross-departmental and regional planning supports; (v) uncertainty in long-term financial arrangement; and (vi) top-down and unidirectional participation process. These inadequacies are further categorized into five root causes leading to ineffectiveness of PPP scheme, including (i) limitations of incentive, (ii) lack of clear conservation targets, (iii) passive and rigid mechanism, (iv) top-down participation process, and (v) project-based policy. Based on these root causes, the Government’s motivation in conservation is much lag behind when compared to the public expectation. Its effort in facilitation is limited and critically influences the effectiveness of Public-private Partnership Scheme. Its passive and supervision role of the Government hinder the mechanism of Public-private Partnership Scheme search for better integration of wetland conservation and development. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

by Sam Shun-shun Lau. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-220). / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Plates --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.xi / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve (Hong Kong) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Site description --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Ecological and conservation importance --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Local and international recognition --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Birds --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Gei wais and its wildlife --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.2.4 --- Fishpond aquaculture --- p.20 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Pollution sources and impacts --- p.22 / Chapter 1.2 --- Self-purification Capability of Wetland Ecosystems --- p.32 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Principles and mechanisms --- p.32 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Treatment efficiency --- p.38 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives and Outlines of the Present Study --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Water Quality of the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Water sampling and analyses --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Statistical analyses --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Water quality in the Mai Po Marshes --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Spatial pattern of water pollution --- p.74 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Temporal pattern of water pollution --- p.77 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Correlation between various parameters --- p.79 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusions / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Nutrient and Metal Contaminationin Sediments of the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sediment collection --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Laboratory analyses --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Statistical analyses --- p.84 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Pollution loads in sediments --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Spatial variation of contamination in sediments --- p.88 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Temporal variation of contamination in sediments --- p.113 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Vertical variation of contamination in sediments --- p.124 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Correlation between various parameters --- p.131 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.133 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Behaviour of Contaminants in Sediments in a Shrimp-growing Gei Wai / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.136 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.137 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Sediment collection --- p.137 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- General physico-chemical analyses --- p.139 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Effects of salinity and temperature --- p.140 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Effects of drying --- p.140 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Toxicity assays --- p.141 / Chapter 4.2.5.1 --- Preparation of sediment extract for toxicity tests --- p.141 / Chapter 4.2.5.2 --- Microtox® toxicity testing --- p.141 / Chapter 4.2.5.3 --- Algal bioassay --- p.142 / Chapter 4.2.5.3.1 --- Algal culture --- p.142 / Chapter 4.2.5.3.2 --- Algal growth inhibition test --- p.142 / Chapter 4.2.5.4 --- Amphipod bioassay --- p.143 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Statistical analyses --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- General properties --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effects of temperature and salinity --- p.148 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effects of drying --- p.151 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Toxicity assays --- p.154 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.156 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- Self-purification Capability of Gei Wais at the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.159 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.161 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Sample collection --- p.161 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Laboratory analyses --- p.161 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Statistical analyses --- p.166 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.167 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Changes in water quality --- p.178 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Removal efficiency --- p.185 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusions / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- General Conclusions --- p.188 / References / Appendices