No / Approaches to projects and development have undergone considerable change in the last decade with significant policy shifts on governance, gender, poverty eradication, and environmental issues. Most recently this has led to the adoption and promotion of the sustainable livelihood (SL) approach. The adoption of the SL approach presents challenges to development interventions including: the future of projects and programmes, and sector wide approaches (SWAPs) and direct budgetary support.This paper `A livelihoods-grounded audit of the Sustainable Management of the Usangu Wetland Catchment (SMUWC) project in Tanzania¿ is the eighth in the series of project working papers. / Department for International Development

Wetland, one of the three major ecosystems on earth, can prevent flood, purify water quality and provide habitat for wildlife; also protects the shore line from erosion, and has many other functions and values. Owing to the economic development and the rapid population growth, the land resource has being inadequate to meet all demands. Thus, coastal wetlands have become the target of development. This tendency causes reduction and fragmentary of wetlands, degradation of ecosystem and depletion of ecological resources. To avoid the improper development on the wetland, it is necessary to integrate considerations over the social economy, ecosystem, and management strategy. Based on the unique feature of the wetland, it is therefore possible to effectively manage the wetland resources for achieving the goal of sustainable development. This study explores the group model building approach which design for the discussion of the various potential effects of the yacht industry park may have on Cheting Wetland. Participants of stakeholders in Cheting had met several times and the structured debates had been organized with them in order to promote the emergence of a consensual view of the main issues and their implications. And then, a system dynamic model was built to evaluate the development in the wetlands zone. The authentic results of the policies and scenario analyses inspected the effectiveness of the designate plans for Cheting Wetland development. Particular Wetland Zone, Artificial Floating Island and In Lieu Fee were adopted as management strategies in Cheting Wetland Zone case. The study concludes that: under single-policy condition, implementation of Particular Wetland Zone is the best management strategy; while under the multi-policy conditions, the combination of Wetland Zone and Artificial Floating Island would have the best managerial performance. Additional benefits of the GMB study include: (1) providing stakeholders with information and knowledge to understand the behavior of wetland environment system; (2) A revealing gap between system behavior patterns and participants¡¦ mental model. Both achievements will further promote the participants to introspect and to improve their mental model, eventually help the whole community to reach consensus about wetland management.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 avelino_mcgs_me_bauru.pdf: 1310267 bytes, checksum: 3759dbcf2bb00c77b6d84614fa3d81fd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta dissertação de mestrado consistiu em elaborar e construir uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) que utilizasse o sistema de Alagados Construídos (wetlands) para tratar o esgoto gerado no Departamento de Educação Física e da Moradia Estudantil, ambos ligados a Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP de Bauru. Para isso foi criado um sistema híbrido de fluxo subsuperficial horizontal seguido por outro de fluxo vertical, com recirculação. O projeto foi desenvolvido no campo da universidade para atender 91 habitantes equivalentes. Nesse trabalho, foram explorados as etapas construtivas da ETE e realizado análises físico-químicos e biológicos dos alagados construídos de fluxo vertical na fase de maturação do sistema. A elaboração deste estudo é uma ferramenta importante para o desenvolvimento do sistema de alagados construídos no Brasil, uma vez que, possibilita o conhecimento das técnicas de construção, manutenção e gastos para implantação de um sistema desse tipo / The realization of this research project is to develop and build a sewage treatment plant using the system of Constructed Wetlands to treat sewage generated in the Department of Physical Education and Student Housing, both linked to Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP in Bauru. For it was created a hybrid system of horizontal subsurface flow followed by another vertical flow, with recirculation. The project was developed at the university campus to meet 91 equivalent inhabitants. In this work were explored constructive steps ETE and testing of physico-chemical and biological of vertical flow constructed wetlands in the maturation phase of the system. The preparation of this study is an important tool for the development of constructed wetlands system in Brazil, since it enables the knowledge of construction techniques, maintenance and expenses fopr deploying such a system

Orientador: Eduardo Luiz de Oliveira / Banca: Luís Fernando Rossi Léo / Banca: Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da Silva / Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado consistiu em elaborar e construir uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) que utilizasse o sistema de Alagados Construídos (wetlands) para tratar o esgoto gerado no Departamento de Educação Física e da Moradia Estudantil, ambos ligados a Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP de Bauru. Para isso foi criado um sistema híbrido de fluxo subsuperficial horizontal seguido por outro de fluxo vertical, com recirculação. O projeto foi desenvolvido no campo da universidade para atender 91 habitantes equivalentes. Nesse trabalho, foram explorados as etapas construtivas da ETE e realizado análises físico-químicos e biológicos dos alagados construídos de fluxo vertical na fase de maturação do sistema. A elaboração deste estudo é uma ferramenta importante para o desenvolvimento do sistema de alagados construídos no Brasil, uma vez que, possibilita o conhecimento das técnicas de construção, manutenção e gastos para implantação de um sistema desse tipo / Abstract: The realization of this research project is to develop and build a sewage treatment plant using the system of Constructed Wetlands to treat sewage generated in the Department of Physical Education and Student Housing, both linked to Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP in Bauru. For it was created a hybrid system of horizontal subsurface flow followed by another vertical flow, with recirculation. The project was developed at the university campus to meet 91 equivalent inhabitants. In this work were explored constructive steps ETE and testing of physico-chemical and biological of vertical flow constructed wetlands in the maturation phase of the system. The preparation of this study is an important tool for the development of constructed wetlands system in Brazil, since it enables the knowledge of construction techniques, maintenance and expenses fopr deploying such a system / Mestre

L’étude de la dynamique végétale et anthropique des zones humides d’Algérie du nord-est, a été menée à partir d’une démarche basée sur la rétro-observation et utilisant la palynologie comme principal outil.Ainsi, l’étude multi-proxy de cinq séquences sédimentaires étayées par 9 datations radiocarbones et l’exploitation de référentiels polliniques contemporains destinés à définir une liste de taxons polliniques indicateurs de l’anthropisation permettent de reconstituer la dynamique de la végétation et de la diversité végétale passée au cours des derniers siècles dans des régions où les données paléobotaniques étaient inexistantes (exception faite pour la Numidie). Les données paléoécologiques acquises permettent d’écrire pour le secteur biogéographique Kabylie-Constantinois-Numidie une histoire de la végétation locale, de la biodiversité passée et de la dynamique environnementale des zones humides. L’ensemble de ces données pouvant être mobilisées dans le cadre de politiques contemporaines de gestion des zones humides, pour la restauration des habitats disparus ou la réintroduction d’espèces localement éteintes. Les résultats acquis, qui documentent pour l’essentiel une période récente ne remontant pas au delà du XVII° siècle, indiquent une activité humaine intense et marquée par le poids de l’agro-pastoralisme mais dont l’impact sur les écosystème et en particulier les mares temporaires est variable selon les secteurs et n’entraine pas nécessairement de dégradation majeures sur les communautés végétales ou leurs capacités de résilience. Dans une optique de gestion conservatoire, cette prise en compte des dynamiques passées des zones humides est fondamentale et peut constituer un outil essentiel pour définir les priorités de conservation. / The plant dynamic and anthropic study of northern Algeria wetlands was lead from an approach based on retro-observation and using palynology as main tool. Thus, the multi-proxy study of five sedimentary sequences supported by 9 radiocarbon dating and exploitation of contemporary pollen referential, devoted for defining a list of pollen taxa indicators of anthropisation, allow us to reconstruct the vegetation dynamics and past plant diversity in the last centuries in areas where paleobotanical data were do not exist (except for Numidia). Paleoecological data acquired allow us to write, for the biogeographical Kabylie-Constantine-Numidia sector, a local vegetation history, past biodiversity and environmental dynamics of wetlands. All these data can be used within contemporary political management of wetlands for missing habitat restoration or for reintroduction of locally extinct species. The results obtained, which document essentially a recent period not back beyond the XVII° century, indicate intense human activity, marked by the weight of agro-pastoralism but the impact on the ecosystem and on particular temporary ponds varies from sectors and does not necessarily lead to a major damages on plant communities and on their resilience. From the perspective of conservation management, the consideration of past wetland dynamics is fundamental and can be an essential tool to define conservation priorities.