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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Weyl anomalies and quantum cosmology / Anomalies de Weyl et cosmologie quantique

Bautista Solans, Maria Teresa 30 September 2016 (has links)
Nous étudions les conséquences cosmologiques des anomalies de Weyl qui émergent de la renormalisation des opérateurs composés des champs, y compris la métrique. Ces anomalies sont codifiées dans les habillements gravitationnels des opérateurs dans une action effective quantique non-locale. Nous obtenons les équations d'évolution qui découlent de cette action et nous en cherchons des solutions cosmologiques. Par simplicité on se limite à la gravité d'Einstein-Hilbert avec une constante cosmologique. Nous initions par considérer la gravité en deux dimensions, où la théorie de Liouville nous permet de calculer l'habillement gravitationnel de la constant cosmologique. Avec une formulation invariante de Weyl, nous déterminons l'action effective et le tenseur de moment correspondant, qui deviennent non-locaux. Les anomalies de Weyl modifient le tenseur entier, pas seulement sa trace, et nous trouvons une énergie du vide qui décline avec le temps et un ralentissement de l'expansion de de Sitter à une de quasi-de Sitter. En quatre dimensions, motivés par nos résultats en deux dimensions, nous paramétrisons l'action effective avec des habillements gravitationnels générales. Dans le cas des dimensions anormales constantes, le tenseur de moment conduit encore à une énergie du vide qui décline et une expansion de quasi-de Sitter de roulement lent. Les dimensions anormales sont calculables à priori dans une certaine théorie microscopique avec des méthodes semi-classiques. Même si les dimensions anormales sont petites en théorie des perturbations, leur contribution intégrée le long des plusieurs e-folds pourrait mener à des effets significatifs pendant la cosmologie primordiale. / In this thesis we study the cosmological consequences of Weyl anomalies arising from the renormalization of composite operators of the fundamental fields, including the metric. These anomalies are encoded in the gravitational dressings of the operators in a non-local quantum effective action. We derive the evolution equations that follow from this action and look for cosmological solutions. For simplicity, we focus on Einstein-Hilbert gravity with a cosmological constant. We first consider two-dimensional gravity, where Liouville theory allows us to compute the gravitational dressing of the cosmological constant operator. Using a Weyl-invariant formulation, we determine the gauge-invariant but non-local effective action, and compute the corresponding non-local momentum tensor. The Weyl anomalies modify the full quantum momentum tensor, not only its trace, and hence lead to interesting effects in the cosmological dynamics. In particular, we find a decaying vacuum energy and a slow-down of the de Sitter expansion. In four dimensions, motivated by our results in two dimensions, we parametrize the effective action with scale-dependent gravitational dressings, and compute the general evolution equations. In the approximation of constant anomalous dimensions, the momentum tensor leads to a decaying vacuum energy and a slow-roll quasi-de Sitter expansion, just as in two dimensions. The anomalous dimensions are in principle computable in a given microscopic theory using semiclassical methods. Even though the anomalous dimensions are small in perturbation theory, their integrated effect over several e-folds could add up to something significant during primordial cosmology.
2

Kvantová vakua, zakřivený prostoročas a singularity / Quantum vacua, curved spacetime and singularities

Kůs, Pavel January 2021 (has links)
In this work we investigate the Weyl anomaly from a new perspective. Our goal is to identify a set-up for which the classical Weyl symmetry is not broken, at the quantum level by the usual arguments related to the Euler invariants, but rather by the impact of other geometrical obstructions. Therefore, we work, mostly, in three spatiotemporal dimensions, where general arguments guarantee the absence of trace anomalies. In par- ticular, our interest here is on whether various types of singularities, emerging in the description of the differential geometry of surfaces, could induce some form of quantum inequivalence, even though the classical symmetry is at work. To this end, we work with a very special three-dimensional metric, whose nontriviality is fully in its spatial two-dimensional part. The last ingredient we use, to clean-up the way from other com- plications, is to work with physical systems where no Weyl gauge field is necessary, to have the classical invariance. The system we focus on is then the massless Dirac field the- ory (that, as well known, enjoys local Weyl symmetry) in three-dimensional conformally flat spacetimes. With these premises, the research programme consists of three steps. The first step is to find the coordinate transformations that link the conformal factor identifying the...

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