The quality of food wheat is annually evaluated with all deliveries of agricultural primary production in the chosen farming enterprise. During the years 2008 - 2012 particular characteristics with files of 42 - 222 samples were determined, except for the year of 2009 when only one supply was technologically incorporated to food wheat. Countrywide observation of the quality of food wheat is executed in Agricultural research institute Kroměříž, Ltd and in Agrotest fyto, Ltd. It is co-financed by Ministry of Agriculture within a functional task which follows the project of Ministry of Agriculture number QG50041 Factors of quality and safety with food grains (2005-2010). Harvest samples, obtained from producers in time span 2008-2012, were represented by files of 500-1035 samples. Characteristics which influence the quality of the grains as well as criteria and methods of the evaluation of food wheat were described. Their applications in Agrotest fyto, Ltd and under operating conditions in ZZN Pelhřimov a.s. were given. Average values of observed parameters were calculated from the results of each testing in the laboratory of the detached post Záhoří and consequently compared with countrywide norm and the norm of South Bohemia. The quality of food wheat grains in years 2008-2012 showed a large-scale variability in particular parameters both at countrywide level and in South Bohemia as well as in chosen farming enterprise. Final quality was considerably influenced by course of weather annually.