Currently it is common practice to conduct the environmental analysis of river water on randomly collected samples. Since rivers are considered to be continuously mixing, these waters are assumed to be homogeneous and therefore, the samples representative. This sampling parameter study was established to test that assumption.Three proximal points were established on the White River at Muncie, Indiana and sampled daily for twenty-five days. The samples were monitored for twenty-one different constituents: Alkalinity, chloride, color, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total hardness, total iron, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, orthophosphate, total phosphate, specific conductance, sulfate, turbidity, and temperature, using the Hach DR/EL-2 water analysis kit.The results indicated that thorough mixing is present and that homogeneity does exist for some constituents. However, the data also indicate that for some constituents homogeneity within the river does not exist. The significance of sampling frequency and the correlation of some of the interrelated chemical changes which occurred during the study are also discussed.

This creative project has culminated in a design solution to a water quality problem in the City of Indianapolis, Indiana. Pogues Run is a stream that has been buried in an underground culvert for almost a century. It has a long history of water quality problems including high bacteria levels and nonpoint source pollution. In addition, it has long been a flood threat to neighboring communities.To address the issue, a master plan was created for the last 1400' of Pogues Run before it emptied into the White River. The stream was removed from the culvert, brought back up to grade, a series of wetlands were developed to slow and filter stream flow, and an urban revitalization project was developed centering on the stream. The design solution provided flood control, stormwater storage and treatment, mixed-use redevelopment of historical buildings, a recreational area, and a high-density residential community. / Department of Landscape Architecture

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009. / Title from screen (viewed on August 27, 2009). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Philip V. Scarpino. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-173).

Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2009. / Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Gabriel Filippelli, Kathy Licht, Pierre Jacinthe. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-77).

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / An investigation of mercury (Hg) in soils and stream sediments was conducted to understand the impact of urbanization on Hg deposition and accumulation on the upper west fork of the White River watershed in central Indiana. Samples were collected to the north and east (i.e., downwind) of emission sources to understand the anthropogenic influences on Hg distribution in soil. Stream sediment sampling was designed to characterize the riverine particulate deposition of Hg through Indianapolis and to predict the potential for stream sediments with high Hg to become sources of methylmercury (MeHg). Spatial analysis revealed that soil Hg was elevated downwind of known industrial emission sites, indicating a local footprint of Hg deposition in central Indiana. Hg in streambank sediments was generally low in up-river sites to the northeast of Indianapolis, and increased markedly as the White River flowed through downtown, with high Hg persisting to downstream rural locations far to the south approximately 40 miles. The stream sediment results also revealed variations in total Hg (Hg(T)) as a function of local depositional sources, sub-watershed location, combined sewer outflows (CSOs), and impoundments along the White River. Low Hg values were recorded where the White River flow rate increased south of the 16th street dam at the confluence of the Fall Creek, where bankside industry and development confine the river. Three tributaries feeding into the White River were included in this study site, all having CSOs. Fall Creek and Pleasant Run have higher values of Hg with Lick Creek having lower values in comparison to the White River and other tributaries. The highest values occur right before confluences to the White River where the flow rate slows and drops sediment. Mercury values typically increased immediately downstream of dams and impoundments. Hg(T) deposition and transport processes pose a problem to anglers fishing south of Indianapolis who may not be aware of the potential dangers related to elevated stream sediment Hg values and the greater potential for MeHg production from these sediments.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The transport of excess nutrients, sediment, and other contaminants to surface waters has been shown to cause a number of environmental and human health concerns. An understanding of the export pathways that these contaminants follow to surrounding water bodies is crucial to the anticipation and management of peak concentration events. Several studies have demonstrated that the majority of annual contaminant loading in the Midwest occurs during periods of elevated discharge. However, many studies use a limited number of sampling points to determine concentration patterns, loadings, and fluxes which decreases accuracy. Through high-resolution storm sampling conducted in a 2945 km2 (1137 mi2) area of central Indiana’s Upper White River Watershed, this research has documented the complex concentration signals and fluxes associated with a suite of cations, nutrients, and contaminants and isolated their primary transport pathways. Additionally, by comparing the results of similar studies conducted on smaller areas within this watershed, differences in concentration patterns and fluxes, as they relate to drainage area, have also been documented. Similar to the results of previous studies, NO3- concentrations lacked a well-defined relationship relative to discharge and was attributed to primarily subsurface contribution. DOC was exported along a shallow, lateral subsurface pathway, TP and TSS via overland flow, and TKN through a combination of both. Near or in-channel scouring of sediment increased DOC, TKN, TP, and TSS concentrations during Storm 2. Atrazine export was attributed to a combination of overland and subsurface pathways. 2-MIB and geosmin derived from different sources and pathways despite being produced by similar organisms. 2-MIB concentration patterns were characterized by dilution of an in-stream source during Storm 1 and potential sediment export during Storm 2 while in-stream concentrations or a sediment source of geosmin was rapidly exhausted during Storm 1. Many of the concentration patterns were subject to an exaggerated averaging effect due to the mixing of several larger watersheds, especially during Storm 1. This research illustrates the need for high-frequency sampling to accurately quantify contaminant loads for total maximum daily load (TMDL) values, developing best management practices (BMPs), and confronting the challenges associated with modeling increasingly larger-scale watersheds.