Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Literaturwissenschaft--Erlangen-Nürnberg, 1975" / Bibliogr. p. 96-105.

Andrographis paniculata est une échinacée d’origine asiatique utilisée depuis plus de deux milles ans en médecine traditionnelle asiatique. Ses activités anti-bactériennes, anti-virales et hépatoprotectrices, entre autre, en ont fait un sujet d’étude important depuis les trente dernières années. Cette plante est principalement constituée de diterpènes de série ent-labdanes, dont le composé majoritaire est l’andrographolide, une lactone diterpénique, qui a montré des propriétés anti-inflammatoires sur la voie NFB. C’est dans le but de comprendre et d’améliorer les activités anti-inflammatoires des composés issus de la plante que nous avons envisagé l’étude de la famille des andrographolides. Une étude qualitative d’extraits issus de compléments alimentaires a permis d’obtenir trois composés naturels, qui ont été pharmacomodulés chimiquement. De plus, une méthode quantitative de quatre extraits bruts a permis de déterminer la concentration des trois composés naturels isolés dans chaque mélange. Les composés isolés, ceux modifés par hémisynthèse, ainsi que les mélanges de composition déterminée ont fait l’objet de tests d’activité anti-inflammatoire. Afin de modifier la structure de l’andrographolide sur des positions non accessibles par hémisynthèse, la synthèse totale et énantiosélective du produit naturel a été envisagée. Deux voies de synthèses ont été envisagées pour la préparation de ce composé : une voie biomimétique et une voie utilisant la cétone de Wieland-Miescher. Cette dernière voie est divisée en trois parties (cyclisation énantiosélective, fonctionnalisation du cycle A, fonctionnalisation du cycle B). Ainsi, nous avons pu mettre au point des méthodologies permettant de fonctionnaliser chaque cycle et d’accéder à la synthèse d’analogues de l’andrographolide. / Andrographis paniculata is an Asian Echinacea. This plant is widely used in traditionnal remedies and folkloric medicines for thousands years and is reported to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities. A large number of diterpenoid ent-labdanes have been isolated from this plant, where the major compound is andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone, that exhibits interesting anti-inflammatory activities on the NFB way. In order to understand and improve the anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds, we implemented a program aimed at their study. Qualitative analysis of crude extracts from dietary supplements allowed to obtain three major natural compounds, which were in a second time chemically modified. These products, as well as the crude extracts, where the composition was determined by a quantitative method, were used for the study of anti-inflammatory activity. Our aim was also to modify andrographolide on some positions not accessible by hemisynthesis. So total and enantioselective synthesis of andrographolide was investigated. Two ways were studied: biomimetic pathway, and modification of a bicyclic precursor that already possessed the ent-labdane configuration (Wieland-Miescher ketone). Methodology using Wieland-Miescher ketone was divided in three parts (enantioselective cyclisation, cycle A functionalisation, cycle B functionalisation). By this way, the bicyclic core was successfully functionnalised and analogues of andrographolide were prepared.

Thesis--Basel. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 135).

Thesis--Basel. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 135).

Th. Etat--Esthétique et sciences de l'art--Paris 8, 1990. / Bibliogr. f. 369-379.

The object of this study is Wieland's concept of irony. Wieland did not put forward a "theory of irony", but he has commented on irony in his works, in his correspondence, and in the footnotes to his translations of classical authors. This thesis consists of four parts, and the investigation proceeds as follows: Part One reviews the literature on Wieland's irony in order to establish a basis on which a contribution can be made to Wieland scholarship. No one denies that Wieland uses irony, but many disagree on its origin, its function, and its historical association. Part Two constitutes a detailed analysis of Wieland's most characteristic comments on irony as they occur in chronological order. Thus, an insight is gained into the development of the poet's theoretical understanding of irony which was conditioned by his attitude toward Socrates, the first historical eiron. As Wieland’s anti-Platonism gathered momentum, his use of the words Ironie and ironisch increased, and so did his attempts at defining irony. They are most numerous in Aristipp, Wieland's last novel, in which he also deals most extensively with Socrates. Part Three concerns itself with Wieland's manner of presentation. It is a study of the way in which the poet employs irony, and it investigates the stylistic devices in the service of this irony, with initial emphasis on his change from Platonist to Ironist. Part Four concludes the investigation by contrasting Wieland's irony with certain aspects of the romantic irony of Friedrich Schlegel and Ludwig Tieck. While it appears that Wieland uses stylistic techniques derived from literary models which also served the writers of the romantic generation, it also becomes evident that the intent of Wieland’s irony was more socially oriented than theirs. His central interest is in man himself, not in man's metaphysical concern. Wieland's irony is not irony for its own sake, but didactic irony for the purpose of enlightening the reader. As such, Wieland's irony serves as the means of characterization based on the contrast between eiron and alazon. In the light of his deep commitment to Reason (Natur), Wieland does not employ irony for the sake of suspending natural laws in the service of the wondrous. Basically, he establishes a constellation consisting of three human types: the misguided ethical and metaphysical idealist (Schwarmer), the cynical sensualist (Sophist), arid the representative of the graceful, Socratic golden mean (Philosoph). Whereas previous studies examine stylistic influences by other ironic writers on Wieland's manner, of presentation, this investigation reveals a by far greater influence of Socrates on Wieland's understanding and uses of irony. In this, the German author came to reject the characterizations of the eiron Socrates as presented in the works of Aristophanes and Plato, in preference to Xenophon’s description of the Greek philosopher as a pragmatist. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss.

Inaug.-diss.-Heidelberg. / Lebenslauf. "Der 2.t.der arbeit ... wird ... später in einer fachzeitschrift erscheinen." p. 62.

Inaug.-diss.--München. / "Literatur": p. [77]-79.

Inaug.-Diss.: Philosophische Fakultät: Bonn: 1972. _ Bibliogr. p. 310-317.