Wassersportarten in offenen Gewässern werden gemeinhin als Risikosportarten eingestuft. Die Unberechenbarkeit von Wind, Wasser und anderen Sportlern bergen ein Risiko. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Verletzungen von Windsurfern, Wellenreitern und Kitesurfern im Zeitraum von Mai 2011 bis September 2012 auf Fuerteventura durch erstbehandelnde Ärzte erfasst. Es wurden insgesamt 90 Verletzte, 51 Windsurfer, 13 Surfer und 26 Kitesurfer behandelt. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass sich die meisten Sportler lediglich leichte Verletzungen zuzogen. Schnittwunden dominierten bei Surfern deutlich, diese vor allem im Bereich von Kopf und Hand. Kitesurfer stellten sich vor allem wegen Frakturen vor. Die Verletzungen ereigneten sich eher im Bereich der oberen Extremität und des Kopfes. Windsurfer zogen sich, wie auch in den meisten vorbestehenden Studien, Schnittwunden der unteren Extremität zu. Um einen Vergleich mit einem größeren Kollektiv zu ermöglichen, wurde zwischen dem 30.07.2011 und 30.09.2012 ein bilingualer Onlinefragebogen bereitgestellt und über verschiedene Medien beworben. Dabei wurden Daten von 653 Teilnehmern erhoben (453 Windsurfer, 137 Kitesurfer und 63 Wellenreiter).Hier wurden weitergehende Fragen über Surfmaterial, Verletzungsfolgen und andere Begleitumstände gestellt, die nur retrospektiv erhoben werden konnten, oder den Zeitrahmen einer medizinischen Erstbehandlung deutlich überschritten hätten. Hier zeigte sich durch die Einbeziehung der leichteren Verletzungen ein anderes Bild. Kopfverletzungen wurden unter Windsurfern signifikant häufiger genannt. Kitesurfer gaben in der Umfrage hauptsächlich Verletzungen der unteren Extremitäten an. Hierbei fielen vor allem Verletzungen im Bereich des Bandapparates des Knies auf. Länger andauernde Beschwerden gaben Sportler unserer Befragung kaum an. Dauerhafte Beschwerden kamen nur als Einzelnennungen vor. Schwere Verletzungen bildeten die Ausnahme. Insgesamt scheinen die Sportarten Kitesurfen, Windsurfen und Wellenreiten zumindest im Breiten- bzw. Amateursportbereich unseren Daten zufolge nur mit moderaten Gefahren für die Sportler verbunden zu sein. / Surfing, wind surfing and kite surfing enjoy a growing popularity with a large number of athletes worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and compare the injury profiles of these three water sports in Fuerteventura.Data for the prospective part of this study was collected by physicians on Fuerteventura treating surfing related injuries during a period of 16 month. A retrospective cohort part of this study, for a larger database, was collected through an online standardized questionnaire during a period of 14 month. The questionnaire included questions about anthropometry, skill level, injury diagnosis, injury mechanism, environmental conditions and training regimes. 104 Injuries in 90 athletes were treated on Fuerteventura. 653 athletes took part in the online questionnaire. This study compares injury epidemiology and mechanism in the three most popular surfing sports on Fuerteventura: wind surfing, kite surfing and surfing. Overall, injuries were sustained mainly in the lower extremity, while surfing also demonstrated a high rate of head injuries.

Work name: Utilization of balance equipment in windsurf beginners off water training. Aim of work: To determin and evaluate significance of balance equipment in off water training. Method: The method of comparative experiment have been used in this thesis. Than the obtained data were evaluated. It was nessesary to create and compare two groups of people, compound of young healthy individuals in the age 20 - 30 both male and female. The only condition for the research was their zero experience with windsurfing training. Two testings of motor skills on the windsurf board were made at the swimming pool. Experimental group participated in an off water balance training program between first and second testing. Results: The result of this thesis is sumarized description of obtained data and conclusions. Further more to evaluate wheter balance training have effects on beginer windsurfer training. Key words:

by So Chi-hung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-167). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Physiological Characteristics of Elite Windsurfers --- p.7 / Abstract --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Literature Review --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Method --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Result --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- An evaluation of a windsurfing pumping simulator for objective assessment of windsurfing pumping performance --- p.37 / Abstract --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- Method --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3 --- Result --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.50 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Kinesiological Analysis of Joints' Movement Pattern in Windsurfing Pumping and Its Change with Muscle Fatigue --- p.52 / Abstract --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2 --- Literature Review --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3 --- Method --- p.65 / Chapter 4.4 --- Result --- p.72 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.77 / Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- The Use of Electromyography in the Study of Windsurfing Pumping --- p.83 / Abstract --- p.84 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2 --- Literature Review --- p.89 / Chapter Part 1. --- Frequency Spectrum Analysis During Repeated Isokinetic Knee Extension and Elbow Flexion --- p.106 / Chapter 5.3 --- Method --- p.106 / Chapter 5.4 --- Result --- p.112 / Chapter 5.5 --- Discussion --- p.129 / Chapter 5.6 --- Conclusion --- p.133 / Chapter Part 2. --- Application of Surface EMG in Assessing Muscle Fatigue Pattern in Repetitive Dynamic Windsurfing Pumping Action --- p.134 / Chapter 5.7 --- Method --- p.134 / Chapter 5.8 --- Result --- p.135 / Chapter 5.9 --- Discussion --- p.145 / Chapter 5.10 --- Conclusion --- p.149 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.151 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- References --- p.155 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Reference Photos --- p.168 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Appendix --- p.183

Within this paper recently developed mathematical tools for the modelling of contact problems on thin film structures [1] for multilayers and gradient coatings are adapted to allow the investigation of laminate structures of transversal isotropy. Applying series approaches using Bessel and Sinus functions complete three dimensional solutions can be found for relatively complex laminate structures allowing to model quasistatic contact, impact and bending loads. Worked into a small computer program the approach can be used to model laminate structures with up to 100 different layers on an ordinary personal computer in an acceptable calculation time. The new tool is applied to analyse a variety of load problems typically occurring in windsurfing and leading to damage of the boards consisting of a laminated shell and an polymer foam core. [1] N. Schwarzer: „Modelling of the mechanics of thin films using analytical linear elastic approaches“, habilitation thesis of the TU-Chemnitz 2004, department “Physics of solid bodies”, http://archiv.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/2004/0077

Within this paper recently developed mathematical tools for the modelling of contact problems on thin film structures [1] for multilayers and gradient coatings are adapted to allow the investigation of laminate structures of transversal isotropy. Applying series approaches using Bessel and Sinus functions complete three dimensional solutions can be found for relatively complex laminate structures allowing to model quasistatic contact, impact and bending loads. Worked into a small computer program the approach can be used to model laminate structures with up to 100 different layers on an ordinary personal computer in an acceptable calculation time. The new tool is applied to analyse a variety of load problems typically occurring in windsurfing and leading to damage of the boards consisting of a laminated shell and an polymer foam core. [1] N. Schwarzer: „Modelling of the mechanics of thin films using analytical linear elastic approaches“, habilitation thesis of the TU-Chemnitz 2004, department “Physics of solid bodies”, http://archiv.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/2004/0077

Lifestyle sport has become a significant sociological phenomenon, with millions participating worldwide. Using windsurfing as a case study, this thesis focuses on core members of this subculture to discover their motivations for involvement and the degree to which they are willing to sacrifice other areas of their lives in order to participate. The thesis explores the contention that this level of sacrifice amounts to resistance to the dominant consumerist culture of our society. The study examines the way subculture members manifest an embodied critique of urban experience that takes place outside of that environment in natural spaces, using time that consumerist imperatives would have them in the earn-spend spiral dictated by that ideology. It does this through a twelve month ethnographic study, with the author as a complete participant, then as a participant observer, completing formal interviews with a number of selected core members of the subculture. Through interviewing and observation it became clear that it is only possible for subculture members to participate through the consumption of considerable quantities of the material objects associated with the activity. This means that participants are resisting consumerist culture through the consumption of consumer goods. This contradiction goes to the heart of the ways that consumerist ideology co-opts resistant behaviour. The study shows that windsurfers are resistant to consumerism in a number of ways. The rejection of traditional sporting values, the use of time in opposition to dominant practices, the rejection of wealth as the primary measure of success, and resisting cultural expectations are all manifestations of this resistance. The niche visual media of the subculture creates a dreamworld of natural perfection and freedom. The way that the visual culture mediates the paradox central to my thesis is by valourising a lifestyle, and those who adopt it, rather than selling consumer goods.