Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2007. / "A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Under the direction of Jim McMillan. ETD. Electronic version approved: May 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-33) and appendices.

The purpose of this study was to compare high-resistance cycle training (HRCT) with resistance training (RT), and their effects on Wingate anaerobic test watt max (Wmax) and watt average (Wave), strength (improvement in 1 repetition max [RM]), and time-trial performance. Twenty-five healthy college-age untrained male subjects were randomly assigned to the HRCT (n=10), RT (n=10), or control (n=5) group. All subjects completed pre and posttesting for the leg press (LP), 30 s Wingate anaerobic test, and 15-min time-trial. Subjects also completed familiarization tests prior to pretesting in the Wingate anaerobic test and 15-min time-trial. HRCT and RT subjects trained 2x/wk for 8 weeks with at least 48 hrs between training sessions. During each training session HRCT completed 4 x 30 sec efforts increasing resistance when >65 rotations per minute (rpm) could be maintained for the full training session. RT completed 3 x 10 repetitions of leg press with weight increasing 5 -10 lbs when all repetitions were completed during a training session. ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc was used to determine if differences existed between the groups. Within group change was analyzed using paired T-test. Effect size was computed to determine meaningfulness of differences. HRCT and RT groups both showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) pre to posttesting in LP, Wingate anaerobic test Wmax and Wave, and 15-min time-trial. Control group also showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) pre to posttesting in LP and 15-min time-trial. Significant between group differences were noted between HRCT and control in Wingate anaerobic test Wmax (p=0.03) and Wave (p = 0.007) and 15-min time-trial (p = 0.003). There was a significant difference between RT and control on the 15-min time-trial (p = 0.008). When comparing HRCT and RT no statistical difference was seen in LP, Wingate anaerobic test Wmax and Wave, and 15-min time-trial. High-resistance cycle training and RT resulted in similar strength gains. However, HRCT showed greater improvements in cycling specific activities: 30 s Wingate anaerobic test Wmax and Wave, and 15-min time-trial. Results suggested that HRCT may increase performance on bike related assessments when compared to RT.

O objetivo desse estudo foi averiguar a possibilidade de se estimar os componentes anaeróbios do déficit máximo acumulado de oxigênio (MAOD) utilizando apenas o consumo de oxigênio (VO2). Adicionalmente, foi proposto um método alternativo que não necessita utilizar a extrapolação do VO2 do exercício submáximo para estimar a demanda de O2 para o exercício supramáximo. Para tanto, dez sujeitos fisicamente ativos foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: a) teste progressivo até a exaustão para determinar a carga correspondente ao consumo de oxigênio (WVO2max); b) seis testes de cargas constantes com intensidades abaixo da WVO2max (40-90% WVO2max); c) um teste a 110% da WVO2max; d) teste anaeróbio de Wingate. A fração do metabolismo anaeróbio alático foi estimada pela fase rápida do excesso do VO2 após o exercício (EPOCRÁPIDO), ao passo que a fração do metabolismo anaeróbio lático foi determinada tanto pela diferença entre MAOD e o EPOCRÁPIDO (MAODLA-1) como pelo acúmulo de lactato no sangue (MAODLA-2). O MAODMOD foi calculado pela somatória do EPOCRÁPIDO com MAODLA-2. Os principais resultados foram: a) as estimativas das contribuições do metabolismo anaeróbio lático não eram estatisticamente diferentes (MAODLA-1 = 2,40 ± 0,66 l; MAODLA-2 = 2,20 ± 0,4 l; p > 0,05); b) similarmente, os resultados do MAOD (3,03 ± 0,62 l) MAODMOD (2,84 ± 0,41) não eram significativamente diferentes (p > 0,05); c) foram detectadas correlações positivas entre MAODMOD, EPOCRÁPIDO, MAODLA-2 e os índices do teste de Wingate; d) os valores percentuais do EPOCRÁPIDO e do MAODLA-1 eram 22 ± 9% e 78 ± 9%, respectivamente. Esses resultados sugerem que os componentes anaeróbios do MAOD podem ser estimados satisfatoriamente utilizando somente o VO2 e que o MAOD pode ser determinado mediante MAODmod / The objective of this study was ascertain the possibility of estimate the anaerobic components of the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) used only oxygen uptake (VO2). In addition, was proposed an alternative method (MAODMOD) to determine the MAOD without using the extrapolation from submaximal VO2 to estimate the O2 demand of supramaximal exercise. Thus, ten subjects physically active performed the following tests: a) a maximal incremental exercise test for the measurement of the power output correspondent to maximal oxygen uptake (WVO2max); b) six submaximal tests with intensities bellow of the WVO2max (40-90% WVO2max); c) a supramaximal test at 110% WVO2max; d) Wingate anaerobic test. The fraction of the anaerobic alactic metabolism was calculated based on the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen uptake (EPOCRÁPIDO), although the fraction of the anaerobic lactic metabolism was calculated based on both difference between MAOD and EPOCRÁPIDO (MAODLA-1) and changes in net blood lactate accumulation (MAODLA-2). MAODMOD was calculated by the sum of the EPOCRÁPIDO with the MAODLA-2. The main results were: a) non significant difference was found between the anaerobic lactic estimates (MAODLA-1 = 2,40 ± 0,66 l; MAODLA-2 = 2,20 ± 0,4 l; p > 0,05); b) similarly, there was no significant difference (p > 0,05) between MAOD (3,03 ± 0,62 l) and MAODMOD (2,84 ± 0,41); c) positive and significant correlation were detected between MAODMOD, EPOCRÁPIDO, MAODLA-2 and the indices of the Wingate anaerobic test (p < 0,05); d) the mean of the percentage values of the EPOCRÁPIDO and MAODLA-1 were 22 ± 9% e 78 ± 9%, respectively. These data suggest that the anaerobic components of the MAOD can be satisfactorily estimated using only the VO2 and that the MAOD can be determined using the MAODmod

O objetivo desse estudo foi averiguar a possibilidade de se estimar os componentes anaeróbios do déficit máximo acumulado de oxigênio (MAOD) utilizando apenas o consumo de oxigênio (VO2). Adicionalmente, foi proposto um método alternativo que não necessita utilizar a extrapolação do VO2 do exercício submáximo para estimar a demanda de O2 para o exercício supramáximo. Para tanto, dez sujeitos fisicamente ativos foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: a) teste progressivo até a exaustão para determinar a carga correspondente ao consumo de oxigênio (WVO2max); b) seis testes de cargas constantes com intensidades abaixo da WVO2max (40-90% WVO2max); c) um teste a 110% da WVO2max; d) teste anaeróbio de Wingate. A fração do metabolismo anaeróbio alático foi estimada pela fase rápida do excesso do VO2 após o exercício (EPOCRÁPIDO), ao passo que a fração do metabolismo anaeróbio lático foi determinada tanto pela diferença entre MAOD e o EPOCRÁPIDO (MAODLA-1) como pelo acúmulo de lactato no sangue (MAODLA-2). O MAODMOD foi calculado pela somatória do EPOCRÁPIDO com MAODLA-2. Os principais resultados foram: a) as estimativas das contribuições do metabolismo anaeróbio lático não eram estatisticamente diferentes (MAODLA-1 = 2,40 ± 0,66 l; MAODLA-2 = 2,20 ± 0,4 l; p > 0,05); b) similarmente, os resultados do MAOD (3,03 ± 0,62 l) MAODMOD (2,84 ± 0,41) não eram significativamente diferentes (p > 0,05); c) foram detectadas correlações positivas entre MAODMOD, EPOCRÁPIDO, MAODLA-2 e os índices do teste de Wingate; d) os valores percentuais do EPOCRÁPIDO e do MAODLA-1 eram 22 ± 9% e 78 ± 9%, respectivamente. Esses resultados sugerem que os componentes anaeróbios do MAOD podem ser estimados satisfatoriamente utilizando somente o VO2 e que o MAOD pode ser determinado mediante MAODmod / The objective of this study was ascertain the possibility of estimate the anaerobic components of the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) used only oxygen uptake (VO2). In addition, was proposed an alternative method (MAODMOD) to determine the MAOD without using the extrapolation from submaximal VO2 to estimate the O2 demand of supramaximal exercise. Thus, ten subjects physically active performed the following tests: a) a maximal incremental exercise test for the measurement of the power output correspondent to maximal oxygen uptake (WVO2max); b) six submaximal tests with intensities bellow of the WVO2max (40-90% WVO2max); c) a supramaximal test at 110% WVO2max; d) Wingate anaerobic test. The fraction of the anaerobic alactic metabolism was calculated based on the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen uptake (EPOCRÁPIDO), although the fraction of the anaerobic lactic metabolism was calculated based on both difference between MAOD and EPOCRÁPIDO (MAODLA-1) and changes in net blood lactate accumulation (MAODLA-2). MAODMOD was calculated by the sum of the EPOCRÁPIDO with the MAODLA-2. The main results were: a) non significant difference was found between the anaerobic lactic estimates (MAODLA-1 = 2,40 ± 0,66 l; MAODLA-2 = 2,20 ± 0,4 l; p > 0,05); b) similarly, there was no significant difference (p > 0,05) between MAOD (3,03 ± 0,62 l) and MAODMOD (2,84 ± 0,41); c) positive and significant correlation were detected between MAODMOD, EPOCRÁPIDO, MAODLA-2 and the indices of the Wingate anaerobic test (p < 0,05); d) the mean of the percentage values of the EPOCRÁPIDO and MAODLA-1 were 22 ± 9% e 78 ± 9%, respectively. These data suggest that the anaerobic components of the MAOD can be satisfactorily estimated using only the VO2 and that the MAOD can be determined using the MAODmod