In this study women's feelings of low self-esteem were related significantly to committed partnerships with occupationally successful men. Forty women aged 34 to 67 were administered a self-evaluation scale developed for the study, followed by personal interviews. Forty-five percent identified themselves as having lower self-esteem than desired during such relationships. They experienced lack of power in most of eight power areas investigated, while perceiving their partners as interpersonally powerful. Low self-esteem women tended to be extrinsically motivated and to feel psychologically battered by male partners. Identification of this population is recommended since their problems frequently are not being addressed by caregivers while the intimate relationships are intact. Women with low self-esteem apparently need to experience their own significant successes, particularly balancing of interpersonal power, and to refocus on intrinsic worth.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

After marriage and child rearing, women are returning to the labor field in growing numbers. There are increasing opportunities and responsibilities on the part of educational institutions to provide these women with an opportunity to fit them for useful and satisfying lives, to give them a chance to make a contribution to the social order. This study has revealed that the majority of faculty wives are interested in raising their educational status. Sixty-six per cent of these faculty wives were dissatisfied with their educational backgrounds. At the time of this study only six per cent of these women were attending classes. Ninety-two per cent of the faculty wives were Blacksburg residents; therefore, propinquity is not a handicap. Sixty-seven per cent of the husbands were willing to help with household tasks to free their wives for classes. One of the reasons for some of these women not being in class is that the education of their husbands and children is their first concern. However, 145 of these faculty wives felt they could pay for full- or part-time education. Another major factor that enters into women returning to classes is their place in the life cycle. Women, on the average, have their last child in school by the age of 35. This study revealed that the median age bracket of this sample to be 30 to 34. In a few more years these women will have the time available to pursue further study if they so desire. / Master of Science

Lam Wing Sze. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-107). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Objective --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Why Expatriate Wives? --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Why Hong Kong? --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Literature Review --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Domestic ldeal of Japanese Women --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Tensions between the Domestic Ideal & Non-domestic Reality --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Japanese Expatriate Communities --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Internationalization and Japaneseness --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5 --- Methodology --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Interviews --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Participant Observation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Textual Analysis --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Reflectivity of the Researcher --- p.16 / Chapter 1.6 --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Before Their Arrival in Hong Kong --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1 --- Trailing Spouses: Are they Passive? --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The Existence of Married Single Posting (tanshin funin) --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Applying for the Relocation --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- We Applied for Relocating Overseas --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- I Urged my Husband to Apply to Hong Kong --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3 --- Can the Company Order the Wives? --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Order from the Company? --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Considerations for the Migration --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4 --- Selfless Explanations --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Unawareness of Choice --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Conforming to the Dominant ldeology --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Promote a Sense of Camaraderie --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5 --- Looking Forward to the Relocation --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Short Overseas Experience with Good Support --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- A Break from Work --- p.36 / Chapter 2.6 --- "Summary: The Strategic Use of ""Passive Follower""" --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Adaptations in Hong Kong --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1 --- Isolation upon Arrival --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Spatial Constraints: Images of Danger outside Japan… --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Restrictions due to Role of Caregiver --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Language Barrier --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Snapshots of Adaptations --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Stop Escorting Children: Hong Kong is Safer than Japan --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Shopping at the Wet Market: Differences in Hygiene & Politeness --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Taking the Mini Bus: Learn to Shout --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Dinning Out and Cooking Style --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3 --- "Evaluation of ""Hong Kong Women""" --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Many Maids but Few Housewives in Hong Kong --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- "Mixed Feelings about ""Hong Kong Women""" --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- "Missing from the lmage of ""Hong Kong Women"": Obasan" --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4 --- Factors Affecting Degree of Integration in Hong Kong --- p.64 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.67 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- After Their Return to Japan --- p.70 / Chapter 4.1 --- Factors Leading to Reverse Culture Shock --- p.72 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Lack of Psychological Preparation --- p.73 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Contrast with Hong Kong --- p.74 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Japan's Change over Time --- p.77 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Nostalgia for Hong Kong --- p.80 / Chapter 4.2 --- Re-adaptations to Japan --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Question the System: Why Should We Act Like This? --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Act like Japanese --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- "More Tolerance towards ""Others""" --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3 --- Summary --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.91 / Chapter 5.1 --- Changing Image of Japanese Expatriate Wives --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2 --- Public Persona (tatemae) VS Real Feelings (honne) --- p.94 / Chapter 5.3 --- Japanese Women's Agency --- p.97 / Chapter 5.4 --- "Different Experiences in the Past, Present and Future" --- p.99 / Appendix --- p.103 / Bibliography --- p.104

Dual careers and mobility have become a way of life in this society. With moving often comes a loss of job for one of the spouse, usually the wife. This pilot study examined the effects of 'captivity' (the inability of a wife to pursue a career because of a mobile spouse) on self-esteem. Through the use of a demographic questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, data was collected and correlations between mobility and self-esteem were derived. Results indicated that the self-esteem of a wife is affected by 'captivity'.

published_or_final_version / History / Master / Master of Philosophy

M.Cur. (Psychiatric Nursing) / In an airways community, an external factor is the fact that the men are absent from home for long periods, especially the international pilots. The result is that the wives have to take charge of the household. There is an interaction between the wives' internal and external environments. Internal factors that can influence the wives' quest for wholeness and which stern from the above-mentioned statement, are : *The wife becomes isolated due to the fact that she has to rely on herself. * She has more responsibility, has a variety of roles to play, and is the central person in the family. * She experiences high stress levels and great demands are made on her, so that she has to resort to defence mechanisms such as aggression, isolation, rationalization, displacement and denial. An external factor that specifically influences the wife and family's quest for wholeness, is the limited resources that are available to them, especially in terms of her husband, friends and family because the airways community is a subculture on its own. While I was participating in an interpersonal skills course for the wives of international pilots presented at the Rand Afrikaans University, I noticed that the women showed suppressed aggression and that they used denial and rationalization as defence mechanisms. Labile emotions were also experienced by them. The fact that the husband as a help and source of support is not at home causes the wife to experience internal discomfort, and interferes with her quest for wholeness. The research question that originated from the above mentioned data was : "'What in the experiential world of wives of pilots can on the one hand cause them to be vulnerable to mental illness and thus interfere with their quest for wholeness, and on the other hand what 'can facilitate their quest for wholeness! The aim of this study is to explore and to describe the experiences of wives of pilots who undertake international flights, and to compile guidelines for enriching the mental health of couples of whom the husband is regularly absent.

This quantitative-descriptive study explored the effect of relocation cn wives, of employees of an Eastern Cape motor manufacturing company, who were relocated during the period July 1991 to November 1993. Specifically, it aimed to identify the coping behaviour of two samples of such wives, those of employees ./ho were relocated from overseas (international group) and those who were relocated from within South Africa (national group). A control group, comprised of wives of employees who f had not relocated within the last ten or more years, was utilised. The study made use of three research tools: a structured interview schedule compiled by the researcher, the Beck's (1981) Depression Inventory and the Hudson's (1982) Index of Marital Satisfaction.

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work