Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1936. / Published also without thesis note. "Books used in this study": p. 199-207.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1936. / Published also without thesis note. "Books used in this study": p. 199-207.

The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship existed between olfactory preferences and sexual orientation in Heterosexual, Entire Life lesbian, and Adopted Lifestyle lesbian women. Research in the area of olfaction and sexual behavior was reviewed and, on the basis of the literature, it was hypothesized that Heterosexual women would prefer male odors, Entire Life lesbian women would prefer female odors, and Adopted Lifestyle lesbian women would prefer male odors more than Entire Life lesbians. The design involved having female subjects sniff male and female odors and indicate a preference for either the male or female odor. The odor samples were human apocrine gland secretions obtained by having odor donors wear gauze pads in their armpits. The odor collected on the pads was then stabilized through applications of alcohol and subsequent freezing.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to explore the dynamics between spiritual fitness and women in recovery from substance-problems. The phenomenological method of enquiry, and within this context, the qualitative approach, was followed. Interviews with five women, four of whom received treatment at Stepping Stones Addiction Centre, constituted the empirical data on which this research was based. These interviews revealed remarkable experiences in the lives of these women. The findings of the research indicate that women in recovery with substanceproblems benefit tremendously from interaction with the dimension of spirituality. Spirituality was understood in terms of the experience of intervention or support by a power greater than themselves – an experience which gave meaning to the lives of these women, which is manifested in their way of being and way of acting. This includes a new sense of responsibility and self-respect which empower them to become co-creators of their lives, and to contribute compassionately to the well-being of others. The continuous and disciplined application of “spiritual tools”, practices and guidelines constitute a growing dynamics of spiritual fitness which forms part of a holistic approach to treatment and recovery. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die dinamiek tussen spirituele fiksheid en vroue met substansie-probleme in die herstelproses, te verken. Die fenomenologiese metode van ondersoek, en binne hierdie konteks die kwalitatiewe benadering, is gebruik. Onderhoude met vyf vroue, van wie vier behandeling ontvang het by Stepping Stones Addiction Centre, het die empiriese data waarop hierdie navorsing gebaseer is, gekonstitueer. Hierdie onderhoude het merkwaardige ondervindings in die lewens van die vroue blootgelê. Die bevindings van die navorsing toon dat vroue met substansie- probleme in die herstelproses geweldig by die interaksie met die spirituele dimensie gebaat het. Spiritualiteit is verstaan in terme van die belewenis van intervensie of ondersteuning deur ‘n mag groter as hulself – ‘n ervaring wat betekenis gegee het aan die lewens van hierdie vroue, wat gemanifesteer het in hul wyse van bestaan en wyse van handel. Dit sluit ‘n nuwe begrip van verantwoordelikheid en selfrespek in, wat hul bemagtig om mede-skeppers van hul lewens te word, en op ‘n deernisvolle en empatiese wyse tot die welsyn van ander by te dra. Die voortgaande en gedissiplineerde toepassing van spirituele toerusting, gebruike en riglyne lei tot ‘n toenemende dinamiek van spirituele fiksheid wat deel vorm van ‘n holistiese benadering tot behandeling en die herstelproses.

Factors which influence severity of moral judgement in men and women were investigated in this study with 94 male and 89 female undergraduate students as participants. Effects of "sex of judge," "sex of transgressor," and "value orientation" variables were examined across five diverse story conditions. A measure of identification was also obtained. As hypothesized, a significant main effect was found for "value orientation," but not for "sex of judge" or "sex of transgressor" variables. The hypothesized disappearance of a "sex of judge" by "sex of transgressor" interaction was found. Hypotheses concerning a permissive trend and the effects of degree of identification were not confirmed.

AFRIKAANS: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die waardeprioriteite van 'n groep jong volwasse vroue vas te stel en die rol wat gesinslede in die oordrag van genoemde waardes speel te identifiseer binne 'n gesinsekologiese perspektief. Die literatuurstudie het die volgende behels: <ul> <li>Die eienskappe, funksies en klassifikasies van waardes asook konsepte wat verwant aan waardes is. </li> <li>Die rol van kultuur in waardes. </li> <li>Die bydrae van strukture, rolle en funksies van die gesin in die ontwikkeling van 'n sisteem van waardes. </li> <li>Die verskillende ontwikkelingsteorieë, wat verband hou met die ontwikkeling van waardes van die jong volwassene.<br></li> </ul> Kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes en tegnieke is in hierdie studie gebruik. Kruisvalidasie, 'n algemene beginsel om geldigheid te verhoog, is in verskillende stadiums van die studie toegepas. 'n Demografiese vraelys is gekonstrueer om die sosiale demografiese profiel van die deelnemers te beskryf. 'n Likert-tipe skaal en twee vraelyste is gekonstrueer om die waardeprioriteite van die twintig gesinsekologiese waardeterreine te bepaal. Die items van die Likert-tipe skaal is met verskillende lewenssituasies in verband gebring. Twee vraelyste, is ontwikkel om vas te stel watter gesinslede (onder andere) verantwoordelik was vir die oordrag van die twintig waardekategorieë. Die deelnemers was 154 jong volwasse vroulike verpleegkundiges aan 'n Gautengse kollege. Hierdie groep het Blanke Afrikaanssprekendes en Engelssprekendes, Kleurlinge, Indiërs, Sotho's, Tswanas, Xhosas en Zoeloesprekende Swartes ingesluit. Bykomend tot genoemde deelnemers is onderhoude aan die hand van gesins- en ontwikkelingstake, met drie Tswanas en drie Afrikaanssprekende Blankes gevoer om groter duidelikheid oor waardeoordrag binne die gesin te verkry. Veldstudies en onderhoude met saakmakende persone is op verskillende stadiums van die navorsing gevoer om die data te bevestig en te interpreteer. 1. Wat waardeprioriteite betref: <ul><li>Die volgende kategorieë van waardes is as hoë prioriteit vasgestel: religieus, beroep, verhoudings, ligggaamlik, lewe, ekonomie, morele, self, veiligheid, intelletuele en gemoed. </li> <li>Waardekategoriee wat nie 'n hoë prioriteit geniet nie is: tyd-ruimtelik, reg, kultuur, ontspanning, natuurlike omgewing en esteties. </li> <li>Die kategorieë wat die laagste prioriteit geniet is: nasionaal, outoriteit en politiek. <br></li></ul> 2. Wat waardeoordrag betref: <ul> <li>Moeders speel die belangrikste rol in sosialiseringsverwante waardes. </li> <li>Vanweë verskeie faktore speel vaders 'n minder belangrike rol. </li> <li>Lede van die kern- en uitgebreide gesinne speel 'n belangrike rol in die oordra van waardes. </li> <li>Die skool en kerk speel belangrike rolle in die oordra van religieuse waardes. </li> <li>Die media, rolmodelle en vriende speel belangrike rolle in die oordra van waardes wat betrekking het op die politiek, natuur en selfbeeld.<br> </li></ul> 3. Wat die demografiese profiel betref: <ul> <li>Die deelnemers was uit die laer en middel inkomste groepe. </li> <li>Die meeste van die groepe behoort tot die Christelike godsdiens terwyl die Indiërs hoofsaaklik Hindu's is. <br></li></ul> Die onderlinge samehang tussen waardekategorieë en die belangrike invloed wat konteks speel, is bespreek en hieruit is modelle en teorieë ontwikkel. ENGLISH: The purpose of this study was to determine, within the family ecology perspective, the priority values of a group of young adult females and to identifY the family members involved in the transmission of these values. A literature review was conducted on: <ul> <li>The properties, functions, classifications of values as well as concepts related to values. </li> <li>The role of culture in values. </li> <li>The structures, roles and functions of the family in the development of a system of values. </li> <li>Various theories explaining the development of the young adult were connected to the development of values. <br></li></ul> Qualitative and quantitative methods and techniques were selected for this study. Triangulation, a general principle to enhance validity, was applied to various stages of the study. A questionnaire was constructed to determine the social demographic profile of the participants. A Likert-type scale and two questionnaires were constructed to determine the significance of the twenty categories of values. The items of the Likert-type scale were linked to specific situations. Two questionnaires were constructed to distinguish between the family members (amongst others) involved in the transmission of the twenty categories of values. The participants comprised of 154 young adult female nurses at a selected college in Gauteng. This group included Afrikaans and English speaking Whites, Coloureds, Indians as well as Sotho, Tswana, Xhosa and Zulu speaking Blacks. In addition to the above participants three Tswana speaking Black and three Afrikaans speaking White young adult nurses were interviewed on developmental and family tasks to identify and clarify the transmission of values in their family. Field studies and interviews with informants at various stages of the research process generated, confirmed and clarified information. 1. On value priorities: <ul> <li>The following value categories were regarded as important: religious, occupation, relations, bodily, life, economy, morality, self: safety, intellect, time and space, the law and disposition. </li> <li>The less important value categories were: culture, recreation, nature and aesthetics. </li> <li>The least important value categories were: national, authority and politics.<br></li></ul> 2. On the transmission of values: <ul> <li>Mothers play the most important role in values related to socialization. </li> <li>The role of the father is of lesser importance due to various factors. </li> <li>Members of the nuclear and extended family also participate in transmitting values. </li> <li>The school and church are important role players in religious values. </li> <li>The media, role models and friends play an important role in values related to politics, nature and self concept.<br> </li></ul> 3. On the demographic profile: <ul> <li>The participants represented the lower and middle income groups. </li> <li>Christianity is the dominant religion of these groups. Most of the Indians are Hindus.<br> </li></ul> To conclude the inter-relatedness of value categories and the important influence of context were discussed to develop models and theories were developed. / Thesis (PhD (Consumer Sience))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Consumer Science / unrestricted

The purpose of this project is to gain a better understanding of gender segmentation strategy possibilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The findings from this survey graphically illustrate and statistically demonstrate some critically important information about the consumer demographics, needs, and behaviors of the targeted female Saudi shopper.

The issue of a Muslim woman‟s dress code has been debated for centuries. This is of great importance as it is widely used as a criterion to measure the extent of a woman‟s piety or devotion to Allah. A study of the religious texts on the issue is essential. Therefore, Qur‟anic text, Prophetic Traditions and Qur‟anic exegesis of both classical and modern scholars would have been used in determining the correct dress code for Muslim women. While all research indicates that women dress conservatively, in order not to attract the attention of the opposite sex. The extent to which a woman must be covered has not been agreed upon. Even if what has to be covered is established by scholars, the manner in which this is to be done and the type of colours and fabric to be used needs further clarification. The issue of the female dress code needs to be presented from a female perspective. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Islamic Studies)

The issue of a Muslim woman‟s dress code has been debated for centuries. This is of great importance as it is widely used as a criterion to measure the extent of a woman‟s piety or devotion to Allah. A study of the religious texts on the issue is essential. Therefore, Qur‟anic text, Prophetic Traditions and Qur‟anic exegesis of both classical and modern scholars would have been used in determining the correct dress code for Muslim women. While all research indicates that women dress conservatively, in order not to attract the attention of the opposite sex. The extent to which a woman must be covered has not been agreed upon. Even if what has to be covered is established by scholars, the manner in which this is to be done and the type of colours and fabric to be used needs further clarification. The issue of the female dress code needs to be presented from a female perspective. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Islamic Studies)