Thesis (Psy. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Clinical Psychology." Includes bibliographic references (p. 101-104).

This study used a survey to look for significant gender differences in the career experiences of doctoral graduates from one counseling psychology program. The following areas were examined: income, employment patterns, professional self-view, motivational values, and satisfaction. The participants in this study were 135 doctoral graduates (93 males and 42 females) who graduated over a 23 year period (1968-1990) from a counseling psychology program at a mid-size midwestern state university. They completed a four page, 34 item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize and describe the data; and analyses of variance, analyses of covariance, chi square tests of significance, and t-tests for means were used to test for significant differences.There were gender differences in the career experiences of counseling psychologists in this study. Male counseling psychologists earned larger salaries and larger total annual income than female counseling psychologists. Females were more likely than males to work part-time-only and males worked more hours than females. However, gender differences in salary and income remained after controlling for the number of hours worked. Experience, defined as the number of years since graduation, was not a factor in income differences, as there were no differences between early and late graduates. There was a tendency for proportionately more women than men to be employed in community mental health centers. Males published more articles than females. Males attached more importance to the motivational value "making a lot of money" and there was a tendency for more males than females to see themselves as scientist-practitioners and for more females to see themselves as practitioners. Both males and females were satisfied with their training and their careers. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

This psychobiography on the life of Karen Horney is an exploratory-descriptive study that aims to explore and describe Horney's life structure development according to Daniel Levinson's (1996) theory of adult development. The method of research uses a qualitative single-case research design that studies her life over her entire lifespan and highlights the individual characteristics of Horney in a holistic manner within her socio-historical context. A purposive sampling procedure was used to select Karen Horney as the subject of the research and only published data was analyzed in the research. Multiple sources of data are used to obtain the information in this research, including an autobiography and three biographies written by three different authors. This data is organized according to the temporal sequence of her lifespan and the developmental periods and time frame of Levinson's theory. Horney's life is described and explored to highlight those areas of her life that conform to the developmental theory and those aspects of her life that are not included in the theoretical constructs of Levinson 's theory. By exploring the significant relationships that Horney developed throughout her life with family, friends, work colleagues, community and religious affiliations, and the important issues in her development, this study verifies Levinson's theory by corroborating his conceptualisation of adult development as a process of sequential stages divided into four main eras of development, linked by three periods of transition. A shortcoming of Levinson's theory relates to his omission of self-esteem issues and religious concerns as relevant factors experienced during the era of pre-adulthood and spiritual concerns during the era of late adulthood.