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Sexual objectification occurs when women’s participation in the society is represented merely by their bodies and thus women are deemed as mere tools to meet other’s desires (Bartkey, 1990). Sexual objectification happens frequently in women’s daily lives through media portrayals (e.g. Harper, & Tiggemann, 2008; Harrison & Fredrickson, 2003) and interpersonal encounters (e.g. Calogero, 2004; Tiggemann, & Boundy, 2008). Sexual objectification causes many negative outcomes to women. For example, objectified women suffer from negative emotions (e.g., shame and depression; Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997; Quinn, Kallen, & Cathey, 2006), impaired intellectual performances (Fredrickson, Roberts, Noll, Quinn, & Twenge, 1998), and decreased well-being and life satisfaction (Breines, Crocker, & Garcia, 2008; Mercurio & Landry, 2008). In the present investigation, I hypothesized that sexual objectification would lead women to feel that their personal growth and development are deprived which triggers an enhanced desire for financial resources as money. Consistent with my predictions, Study One showed that women’s trait self-objectification correlated positively with their materialism orientation. In Study Two, sexual objectification was manipulated by delivering appearance-related comments to female participants; and women’s desire for money was indexed by their donation intention to a student fund. It was found that sexual objectification increased women’s desire for money by decreasing the amount of money that women were willing to donate. In Study Three, a different paradigm was adopted to induce the feeling of objectification, specifically, participants viewed pictures that depicted women in a sexually objectified way. Then participants’ sense of deprivation as well as desire for money was directly measured to test the hypothesized relationship between objectification, deprivation and money desire. The results showed that women who viewed the pictures of objectified women reported stronger money desire and this effect was mediated by the perceived deprivation of personal growth and development. Study Four replicated the findings of Study Three by using a different paradigm (i.e. recalling past experience of being objectified) to induce the feeling of being objectified and thus provided further evidences for the hypothesized effect. Finally, using the same paradigm of objectification as Study Two, Study Five further substantiated the predicted relationship between sexual objectification, perceived deprivation and women’s money desire by showing that framing objectification experiences as beneficial to women’s personal growth and development was sufficient to remove the effect of sexual objectification on women’s desire for money. The five studies consistently demonstrated that sexual objectification induces a feeling of being deprived of personal growth and development in women, which further triggers a strong desire for money in women victims. These findings were discussed in terms of their implications on understanding women’s self-perception, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations as well as general mental health and well-being. / published_or_final_version / Psychology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-160). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-160). Also available on the Internet.

published_or_final_version / Literary and Cultural Studies / Master / Master of Arts

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61).

Our everyday lives can be complex and fast paced. Places, people, sounds and memories all make lasting impressions. "Identity" is the title and basis for my creative project. My identity has been created though a series of memories or impressions. Songs, stories, the media, location and other people have had a great impact on my personal development.I have taken all these influences into account while creating my thesis works. I questioned myself in different ways. "Whom do I relate to? What songs describe me? Through these question, I found icons and images that formed my personal identity. The difference between what is and what appears to be.Is identity created or do we create identity? The question may seem philosophical, but I do not consider myself a philosopher. My series "Identity", documents my investigation of self, a deconstruction of society that has and has not formed my artistic identity. / Department of Art

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references (p. 70-75).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61). Also available in print.

Hui Sio Ieng. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-167). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1: --- "Introduction The Narrative Identities Of Abused Women In Hong Kong ´ؤHow Do They Articulate Their Past, Present, and Future?" --- p.1 / Literature Review / A Few Words about Myself and AH / Methodology / Organization of The Thesis / Chapter Chapter 2: --- What Is Special About AH? ´ؤUnderstanding AH In The Context Of the Larger Hong Kong Society --- p.32 / The Cultural Expectation And Status of Hong Kong Women / The Cultural Image And Social Position Of Abused Women in Hong Kong / About AH / Conclusion / Chapter Chapter 3: --- How does AH Resocialize Its Members? ´ؤThree Levels Of Identity Reconstruction In AH --- p.60 / Hiu Man's Story / Mandy's Story / Analysis / Conclusion / Chapter Chapter 4: --- "How Members Accept, Contest Or Reject AH's Ideology?" --- p.89 / Ah Wai's Story / Ah Yee's Story / Analysis / Conclusion / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Social Relationships In AH --- p.110 / The Ideal Social Structure And Ideological Milieu Of AH / Sally's Story / Ah Ling's Story / Analysis / Conclusion / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusion Is AH's Identity Reconstruction Successful? --- p.130 / "Narratives, Self-Identity And Cultural Construction" / "The Narrative Identity of ""Abused Women"" in AH's term" / The Successful Aspects of AH's identity Reconstruction / The Unsuccessful Aspects Of AH's identity Reconstruction / What Have We Learned From AH's Identity Reconstruction? / Appendix --- p.151 / Bibliography --- p.154