Published also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1914. / "Helpful bibliography": 1 p. following p. 173.

This dissertation study focuses on upper secondary technical and vocational education (TVE) in China. It empirically examines the characteristics of TVE participants and the labor market impacts of participating in upper secondary TVE relative to attending general high schools. Using nationally representative datasets from China, this study has found that compared with individuals who attended general high schools, participants of upper secondary TVE tend to be from relatively disadvantaged family background. The negative association between family background and TVE participation is more pronounced for female TVE students. There is some evidence that girls are more likely to attend vocational education, especially the elite secondary specialized schools. Students of secondary specialized schools are from relatively selective family backgrounds compared with students of the other types of upper secondary TVE. In terms of labor market impacts, the study has found positive effects of attending upper secondary TVE on earnings, employment rate, and the likelihood of working full-time and working under formal contract. The effects are concentrated among females and students of secondary specialized schools. Considering that females are more likely to attend TVE, and that female TVE participants are more likely to come from less selective family background, the larger positive effects of attending TVE relative to general high schools among females may indicate improvement in equality both across genders and within females.

O tema violência doméstica contra a mulher é um problema universal, pelo seu impacto nas áreas econômicas, sociais, educacionais e da saúde. A enfermagem tem um papel significativo no reconhecimento e acompanhamento dos casos, mas faz-se necessário que os profissionais estejam capacitados para tal. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a percepção e o conhecimento de estudantes de um curso técnico em enfermagem acerca da violência doméstica contra a mulher perpetrada pelo parceiro íntimo. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório e transversal. Foi aplicado um questionário validado com questões sobre percepção e o conhecimento acerca da violência contra a mulher. A amostra contou com a participação de 84 estudantes dos três módulos do curso, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, no ano de 2017. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas, validados por dupla digitação e posteriormente transportados para o pacote estatístico do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 22.0. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa. Os resultados mostraram que os estudantes se sentem à vontade em perguntar às clientes sobre o uso de álcool ou tabaco, porém incomodados em tratar sobre o uso de drogas, vida sexual e violência conjugal. Tendem a infantilizar o atendimento à mulher em situação de violência. Discordaram que fatores sociais sejam causas de agressão, mas concordaram que o uso abusivo de álcool ou drogas e problemas psicológicos do parceiro possam estar entre as causas. Afirmaram que os agressores devem ser presos, mas há a crença de que a violência doméstica seja um assunto de fórum íntimo e privado. Demonstraram ter bom conhecimento sobre a definição das várias formas de violência, e reconhecimento de sinais e sintomas, contudo, baixo conhecimento sobre a epidemiologia da violência contra a mulher. Afirmaram ser atribuição do profissional de enfermagem abordar sobre violência doméstica, mas que esta não seja direta ou insistente. Discordaram que o profissional deva ignorar sinais de violência, assim como referiram que há necessidade de agendar retorno em intervalos menores, em casos suspeitos de violência doméstica. Quase metade dos estudantes desconhecem protocolos de atendimento à mulher em situação de violência sexual e a maioria afirmou que o médico não deve prescrever calmante/antidepressivos para a mulher agredida. Referiram que é válido avaliar com a cliente os riscos à que estão expostas e elaborar um plano de segurança. Responderam que a terapia de casal e psicoterapia seja recomendável. A minoria reconheceu a importância da notificação dos casos, mas afirmaram a importância de fornecer número de telefone de instituições que acolhem mulheres e recorrer à delegacia da mulher. Enfim, os achados demonstraram que os estudantes possuem um conhecimento parcial acerca do manejo dos casos de violência doméstica e lacunas em sua formação necessitam ser preenchidas, sendo recomendável a inclusão do tema no conteúdo programático do curso e possibilitar experiências práticas aos estudantes / The issue of domestic violence against women is a universal problem because of its impact on the economic, social, educational and health areas. Nursing has a significant role in the recognition and follow up of cases, but it is necessary that professionals are trained to do so. The objective of this study was to identify the perception and knowledge of students of a nursing technical course on domestic violence against women perpetrated by the intimate partner. It is a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study. A validated questionnaire was applied with questions about perception and knowledge about violence against women. The sample was attended by 84 students from the three modules of the course, aged 18 years or over, in the year 2017. The data were organized in spreadsheets, validated by double typing and later transported to the statistical package of the program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. The study was approved by the research ethics committee. The results showed that students are comfortable with asking clients about alcohol or tobacco use, but they are bothered to deal with drug use, sex life and marital violence. They tend to infantilize the care of women in situations of violence. They disagreed that social factors are causes of aggression but agreed that abusive use of alcohol or drugs and psychological problems of the partner may be among the causes. They said that the perpetrators should be arrested, but there is a belief that domestic violence is an intimate and private forum issue. They have demonstrated good knowledge about the definition of various forms of violence, and recognition of signs and symptoms, however, low knowledge about the epidemiology of violence against women. They affirmed that it is the nursing professional\'s assignment to address domestic violence, but that it is not direct or insistent. They disagreed that the professional should ignore signs of violence, as well as that there is a need to schedule return at shorter intervals in cases of suspected domestic violence. Nearly half of the students are unaware of protocols for the care of women in situations of sexual violence, and most have stated that the doctor should not prescribe a sedative / antidepressant medication for the battered woman. They said that it is valid to evaluate with the client the risks to which they are exposed and to elaborate a security plan. They said that couple therapy and psychotherapy are recommended. The minority acknowledged the importance of case reporting but stressed the importance of providing telephone numbers of institutions hosting women and turning to the woman\'s station. Finally, the findings showed that students have a partial knowledge about the handling of domestic violence cases and gaps in their training need to be filled out, and it is recommended to include the subject in the program content of the course and to provide practical experiences for the students

O tema violência doméstica contra a mulher é um problema universal, pelo seu impacto nas áreas econômicas, sociais, educacionais e da saúde. A enfermagem tem um papel significativo no reconhecimento e acompanhamento dos casos, mas faz-se necessário que os profissionais estejam capacitados para tal. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a percepção e o conhecimento de estudantes de um curso técnico em enfermagem acerca da violência doméstica contra a mulher perpetrada pelo parceiro íntimo. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório e transversal. Foi aplicado um questionário validado com questões sobre percepção e o conhecimento acerca da violência contra a mulher. A amostra contou com a participação de 84 estudantes dos três módulos do curso, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, no ano de 2017. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas, validados por dupla digitação e posteriormente transportados para o pacote estatístico do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 22.0. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa. Os resultados mostraram que os estudantes se sentem à vontade em perguntar às clientes sobre o uso de álcool ou tabaco, porém incomodados em tratar sobre o uso de drogas, vida sexual e violência conjugal. Tendem a infantilizar o atendimento à mulher em situação de violência. Discordaram que fatores sociais sejam causas de agressão, mas concordaram que o uso abusivo de álcool ou drogas e problemas psicológicos do parceiro possam estar entre as causas. Afirmaram que os agressores devem ser presos, mas há a crença de que a violência doméstica seja um assunto de fórum íntimo e privado. Demonstraram ter bom conhecimento sobre a definição das várias formas de violência, e reconhecimento de sinais e sintomas, contudo, baixo conhecimento sobre a epidemiologia da violência contra a mulher. Afirmaram ser atribuição do profissional de enfermagem abordar sobre violência doméstica, mas que esta não seja direta ou insistente. Discordaram que o profissional deva ignorar sinais de violência, assim como referiram que há necessidade de agendar retorno em intervalos menores, em casos suspeitos de violência doméstica. Quase metade dos estudantes desconhecem protocolos de atendimento à mulher em situação de violência sexual e a maioria afirmou que o médico não deve prescrever calmante/antidepressivos para a mulher agredida. Referiram que é válido avaliar com a cliente os riscos à que estão expostas e elaborar um plano de segurança. Responderam que a terapia de casal e psicoterapia seja recomendável. A minoria reconheceu a importância da notificação dos casos, mas afirmaram a importância de fornecer número de telefone de instituições que acolhem mulheres e recorrer à delegacia da mulher. Enfim, os achados demonstraram que os estudantes possuem um conhecimento parcial acerca do manejo dos casos de violência doméstica e lacunas em sua formação necessitam ser preenchidas, sendo recomendável a inclusão do tema no conteúdo programático do curso e possibilitar experiências práticas aos estudantes / The issue of domestic violence against women is a universal problem because of its impact on the economic, social, educational and health areas. Nursing has a significant role in the recognition and follow up of cases, but it is necessary that professionals are trained to do so. The objective of this study was to identify the perception and knowledge of students of a nursing technical course on domestic violence against women perpetrated by the intimate partner. It is a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study. A validated questionnaire was applied with questions about perception and knowledge about violence against women. The sample was attended by 84 students from the three modules of the course, aged 18 years or over, in the year 2017. The data were organized in spreadsheets, validated by double typing and later transported to the statistical package of the program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. The study was approved by the research ethics committee. The results showed that students are comfortable with asking clients about alcohol or tobacco use, but they are bothered to deal with drug use, sex life and marital violence. They tend to infantilize the care of women in situations of violence. They disagreed that social factors are causes of aggression but agreed that abusive use of alcohol or drugs and psychological problems of the partner may be among the causes. They said that the perpetrators should be arrested, but there is a belief that domestic violence is an intimate and private forum issue. They have demonstrated good knowledge about the definition of various forms of violence, and recognition of signs and symptoms, however, low knowledge about the epidemiology of violence against women. They affirmed that it is the nursing professional\'s assignment to address domestic violence, but that it is not direct or insistent. They disagreed that the professional should ignore signs of violence, as well as that there is a need to schedule return at shorter intervals in cases of suspected domestic violence. Nearly half of the students are unaware of protocols for the care of women in situations of sexual violence, and most have stated that the doctor should not prescribe a sedative / antidepressant medication for the battered woman. They said that it is valid to evaluate with the client the risks to which they are exposed and to elaborate a security plan. They said that couple therapy and psychotherapy are recommended. The minority acknowledged the importance of case reporting but stressed the importance of providing telephone numbers of institutions hosting women and turning to the woman\'s station. Finally, the findings showed that students have a partial knowledge about the handling of domestic violence cases and gaps in their training need to be filled out, and it is recommended to include the subject in the program content of the course and to provide practical experiences for the students

From our earliest history, gifted women from Sappho and Harriet Tubman to Eleanor Roosevelt and Nadine Gordimer have enhanced our lives through their gifts and accomplishments. Since many of these gifted women have succeeded in the face of almost insurmountable obstacles, it is often assumed that all gifted women will be able to achieve without outside help. However, many gifted women do not realize their potential and end up squandering their gifts in menial tasks, underpaid jobs, and unfulfilled lives. Thus, career development for gifted women is an essential task.For women who possess a variety of talents, one of the best ways to be fulfilled is through the balancing of multiple roles, such as family and work. Consequently, one aspect of career development, which is of great importance to gifted women in particular, is the decision about whether to engage in multiple roles and how to do so successfully. Since juggling multiple roles requires prior planning and serious commitment, one of the best ways to assist gifted young women in these tasks is to gain information about how the decision was made and determine their level of commitment to it. As with many career decisions, knowledge about, and encouragement for, particular choices may depend upon mentors and role models.Mentors and role models can be invaluable but their impact in helping with preparation for a lifestyle involving multiple roles is unknown. To determine who their mentors and role models are and how they affect attitudes toward multiple roles, 101 gifted high school women completed a demographics question and the Attitudes Toward Multiple Role Planning scale (ATMRP). Data were analyzed via frequency counts, chisquare, and MANOVA procedures.Contrary to expectations, study participants did not have significantly more role models than they did mentors nor was any one group mentioned most often as mentors and role models. As anticipated, most gifted young women did plan to combine family and paid employment in their lives. However, no significant group differences on the A'TMRP were found between those with mentors and role models and those without. Conclusions and implications are discussed. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services