Early phases of Kolomoki’s occupation have been characterized as relatively egalitarian, with little evidence for status differentiation. However, patterned variability in lithic raw material use and intensity of production in domestic areas suggests heterogeneity in the community at multiple scales. In light of Kolomoki’s emphasis on communal ceremony, internal divisions between groups of households highlight the tension between public and private expressions of status and social solidarity. New radiocarbon dates from the southern margins of the village have allowed us to assess the contemporaneity of this pattern, and by extension, the chronology of village aggregation.

Crystal River (8CI1) is a Woodland period archaeological site on the west-central Gulf Coast of Florida, famous for its diverse suite of exotic artifacts typical of the Hopewell Interaction Sphere, as well as its monumental shell mounds which surround a central plaza. Historically, these plazas are utilized as spaces for cultural expression, daily interactions between members of the community, economic exchanges, and discourse of all types. They also serve as a symbolic space, embodying social and political relations that are critical to the formation and maintenance of cultural identity. These spaces are challenging to study using conventional archaeological techniques since they were often swept clean and kept free of debris, thus discouraging the possibility of recovering artifacts of any significant size. Instead, my study utilizes integrated geoarchaeological techniques, such as microartifact analysis, soil chemical analysis, ground-penetrating radar, and magnetic survey in order to reconstruct plaza activities. The results indicate a stark difference in function between the northern and southern ends of the plaza. The South Plaza demonstrates high concentrations of elements associated with food preparation and consumption, particularly P, Sr, K, and M, high microartifact densities, and an associated strong magnetic anomaly. On the other hand, phosphate depletion is observed in the North Plaza, and it is generally barren of micro-artifacts, despite the possible presence of a few geophysical anomalies. This area appears to have been kept free of debris, save for a charcoal deposit and elevated K and Mg directly in front of Mound H, which may allude to ceremonial or other functions not associated with food.

The ceramic assemblage from previous excavations at Crystal River (8CI1), a Woodland period mound center on Florida’s west-central coast, exhibits variation in temper and surface treatments indicative of distinct pottery traditions and, perhaps, social groups. I analyzed ceramics from recent, better controlled excavations at Crystal River and the neighboring and partially contemporaneous site of Roberts Island (8CI41), using the theoretical framework of communities of practice to evaluate this claim. Analysis suggests that while some degree of diversity in paste was maintained through all four phases, there was greater homogeneity of paste, as well as more mixing of paste categories, during Phases 2 and 3. The former was an interval marked by intensive settlement at Crystal River, and the dominance of limestone tempered pottery suggests the emergence of a common, locally-based pottery making tradition. A switch to sand as a tempering agent in Phase 3 probably reflects greater dispersal of settlement, and specifically a shift to the occupation of coastal islands. Trends in surface treatments may also appear to reflect changes in settlement, although the pattern here is less straightforward owing to broader trends in ceramic decoration. The vast majority of pottery in each phase is plain, but plain pottery is particularly dominant (and the diversity of surface treatments correspondingly low) during the peak in settlement in Phase 2. As with temper, this may suggest that pottery making practices converged, as initially disparate groups lived together in closer proximity, perhaps creating a common social identity. As settlement became more dispersed in Phase 3, pottery making traditions again became more diverse. This perhaps reflects increased isolation of households, although it no doubt also stems from a regional trend toward more variety in ceramic decoration. In Phase 4, plain pottery again became dominant, a trend typical of the terminal Late Woodland. In general, the analysis suggests that temper and surface treatment track changes in settlement, and thus might be reasonably inferred to also track the extent to which potters shared pottery making practices, and perhaps social identities. Communities of practice thus provides a useful framework for understanding how social identities are expressed through technological and stylistic practices.

Keeping forestland intact has emerged as a critical policy objective at state and federal levels. This target has been supported by substantial public investment. The collective impact from the bequest decisions of millions of landowning individuals and families has the potential to affect the extent and functionality of future forests in the United States. Despite a growing body of research devoted to studying these transitions in forest ownership, much remains unknown about how family forest owners make decisions in this arena. The social and emotional dimensions of woodland succession planning have been particularly under-examined. This thesis explores the process of planning for the future use and ownership of woodlands through in-depth analysis of 32 semi-structured interviews with family forest owners in Massachusetts, Maine, New York, and Vermont. The first article investigates how family forest owners evaluate and integrate stories derived from their social networks when planning for the future of their woodlands. Analysis of the themes contained in stories framed as “cautionary tales” revealed common fears surrounding succession planning. The second article explores the complexity of emotional relationships with family forests showing how emotional geographies manifest in the succession planning process. Together, these studies deepen understanding of how family forest owners plan for the future of private woodlands and offer implications for Extension and outreach.

In southeastern North America, the Woodland period (ca. 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1050) was arguably witness to the first early village societies, and Kolomoki—located in southwestern Georgia—is among the largest villages during this interval. Though archaeologists recognize these communities as seminal developments in the course of human history, little attention has been paid to how they develop and vary internally. This thesis seeks to address these issues by focusing on the development and social construction of the early village community at Kolomoki. The results of an excavation program carried out within Kolomoki’s South Village affords a clearer picture of this understudied area, and provides supplemental collections to previous work at the site. New radiocarbon dates suggest a dynamic developmental sequence of Kolomoki’s village, starting as a relatively compact village sometime around the second century A.D., and growing to a massive scale around the seventh or eighth century A.D. Comparisons of various classes of material cultural provide evidence for contrasts between occupation along Kolomoki’s northern and southern enclosures, interpreted as differing uses of space by an internally differentiated community.

The political context of citizen participation in North American governments since World War II has largely been one of failure of non-elites to influence governments at all levels to accommodate their values and interests. Among concepts of government designed to facilitate the political efficacy cf such groups is that of decentralization of some powers of municipal government to the "neighborhood" or local area level in large cities. Municipal decentralization theory rests on assumptions that common interests can be identified with a definable local area and that political processes at that level reflect local political values and interests. The general hypothesis was that political processes in local areas reflect the diversity of political values and interests of the local area population and thus have the potential to legitimize decision-making at that level. Review of literature on democratic theory led to a postulate that a political process which reflects a constituency's values and interests is pluralistic and is perceived to be legitimate by political actors. It was also postulated that lines of political cleavage in the urban land development control issue area, the issue area chosen for this research, would follow social class lines. Working hypotheses were constructed based on the above two postulates and a definition of "legitimacy" of government. The general hypothesis was sustained by a limited comparative study of local area political processes in the Kitsilano and Grandview-Woodlands local areas of Vancouver, by study of one politically salient site-specific land development control issue in each. A combination of decisional and reputational techniques was used to identify influential political actors at the local area level and to identify key events. A qualification was observed in political actors' perception of legitimacy of a hypothetical local area government with some powers in land development control: the electoral process was perceived by most tc be an inadequate instrument of citizen control of government at that level. It was concluded that further research was warranted in means of facilitating political integration at the local area level, as existing community councils did not perform that function in the issues studied. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The purpose of this study is to investigate which motives tourists have to visit the Woodland Cemetery in Stockholm, Sweden and which feelings the visit brought. Furthermore, the study aims to find out where the locals in Stockholm think that the acceptable limit goes for tourism at the Woodland Cemetery and what potential conflicts that may occur between the groups. The study is based on a quantitative method with web surveys as an approach. Three surveys were sent to both national and international tourists and to people living in Stockholm. The compilation and presentation of data was made in Microsoft Excel where charts were designed. The results are discussed in relation to previous research, which forms the basis of the questions in the surveys. The result shows that the main motives for tourists to visit the Woodland Cemetery are because it is a beautiful place with beautiful nature, to experience the architecture and because the place has an interesting culture and history. The feelings most tourists felt were respect, a mental calm, humility, spirituality and emotional feelings. From the locals’ perspective, some respondents feel that tourism in the cemetery is acceptable, others do not want tourism at all and some even promote tourism. However, what emerged is that many of the respondents thinks it is about the volume and how things are done. Several people said that the limit goes when there are far too many tourists and when activities and functions are not being done with consideration and respect.

Besançon est en France métropolitaine la ville de plus de 100 000 habitants avec le plus fort taux d’espaces verts par habitant. La forêt de Chailluz, qui existe depuis plus de six siècles, forme près des 3/4 de sa surface forestière. Aucune recherche scientifique ne rendait encore compte de la nature et de la valeur de son patrimoine archéologique. Un des objectifs de cette étude est de détecter, identifier et documenter le patrimoine historique et archéologique de la forêt de Chailluz pour permettre in fine sa valorisation auprès du grand public. Cette thèse contribue aussi à la réflexion collective menée dans divers programmes de recherche (LIEPPEC, ODIT - MSHE C.N. Ledoux ; LEA ModeLTER), qui visent à développer des méthodes de traitement de données altimétriques à haute résolution pour une analyse des paysages dans la longue durée (LIEPPEC), à conduire des recherches avancées en termes de concepts et de méthodes sur les dynamiques socio-environnementales dans la longue durée (ModeLTER) et à étudier des dynamiques territoriales à l'échelle régionale pour diffuser les connaissances élaborées auprès des acteurs locaux et aider à la prise de décision, à l'innovation et à la mise en place de politiques de développement durable (ODIT). Dans ce cadre collectif, ma thèse contribue à caractériser l’occupation et l’exploitation du massif de Chailluz au cours des siècles passés pour mieux comprendre son histoire et son évolution. Elle vient enrichir le développement de méthodes et de connaissances pour une meilleure compréhension des interactions entre l’homme et son environnement dans la longue durée. Les recherches, qui ont été conduites selon une démarche transdisciplinaire associant archéologie, histoire, géographie et foresterie, reposent sur une collecte d’archives et de documents planimétriques et photographiques, sur un bilan des travaux universitaires, sur un recensement d’informations relatives à la forêt en général, sur des observations de terrain et sur l’analyse de données LiDAR. Le mémoire fournit une perspective historique sur la forêt en général et sur les usages du bois et de ses dérivés attestés par des textes anciens ou par l’archéologie. Il tente de rendre compte de la diversité des points de vue existant sur la forêt, transformations de ses usages successifs ou pluralité des appréciations et concepts qu’on lui attribue aujourd’hui. Il expose les données historiques spécifiques à la forêt de Chailluz et détaille la documentation actuelle : données archéologiques préalablement connues, informations géographiques et environnementales. Il se consacre ensuite à la méthodologie des recherches et évoque les principales étapes de traitement des données LiDAR puis s’intéresse, pour procéder à une analyse spatiale, aux facteurs influençant les conditions d’observation et de conservation des microreliefs à la surface du sol. Il décrit la méthode de prospection au sol élaborée, les choix opérés pour enregistrer les données et la méthodologie de géoréférencement de plans forestiers anciens. Le mémoire détaille ensuite les résultats obtenus grâce aux recherches sur le terrain et propose des synthèses interprétatives expliquant la présence, l’organisation et la fonction des structures relevées en prospection (aménagements agropastoraux, établissements, voirie, plateformes de charbonniers, fours à chaux et carrières). Une synthèse interprétative globale de l’occupation du sol par périodes conclut le mémoire / Today Besancon has the highest percentage of green space per inhabitant among France’s largest cities. 3/4 of it are made up by the Forêt de Chailluz, a large forest which has maintained its present day extents for over six centuries. Scientific research reporting on the nature and value of its heritage was still to do. One objective of this thesis is to detect, identify and document the history and heritage of this forest, ultimately aiming to its preservation and to inform a large audience about its value. This thesis is also a contribution to a collective thinking worked out in several research programs that develop methods for processing high-resolution altimetry data (LiDAR) to analyze landscape changes over the long term (LIEPPEC), that develop advanced concepts and methods for a better knowledge of socio-environmental dynamics over the long term (ModeLTER) and that explore territorial dynamics at regional scale to transmit results and knowledge to local stakeholders, giving advice on innovative and sustainable actions to support (ODIT). Within this collective framework, my PhD research is a contribution to the development of methods and knowledge for a better understanding of long term interactions between man and its environment. My interdisciplinary study combines archeology, history, geography and forestry and consists in analyzing LiDAR datasets and collecting and synthesizing written and graphical historical archives and recent documents. It also involved extended archaeological field surveys. Thesis provides a global historic perspective on the forest and on the use of wood, as attested by ancient texts or archeological evidence. It exposes diverse viewpoints and concepts carried out about woodland – diversity of uses through time and diversity of viewpoints about forest today. It also outlines specific historic data relating to the Forêt de Chailluz and details the current literature: previously known archaeological data, geographical and environmental information. It describes methodologies chosen to process the research and the main steps of LiDAR data analysis. Study focuses then on a spatial analysis of archeological features that includes factors influencing conservation and visibility of features to the soil surface. Thesis describes the method used for field surveys and methodology for georeferencing ancient maps. Eventually, results obtained are detailed, features organization and functions identified (features relating to cultivation and inhabitation, roads and tracks, charcoal burning platforms, limekilns and quarries). Dissertation ends with an interpretive synthesis of Forêt de Chailluz land use over time (Roman, Medieval and Modern periods)

Strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analyses have been used effectively to reconstruct the origin of osteological remains that have not been exposed to increasing temperatures (Bentley, 2006; Juarez, 2008; Knudson et al., 2005). However, previous research has shown that no thermally induced changes occur to original strontium isotope values (87Sr/86Sr) of bone and teeth specimens that have been subjected to temperatures between 212 and 1832 degrees Fahrenheit (Beard and Johnson, 2000; Grupe and Hummel, 1991; Harbeck et al., 2011), though the published literature regarding strontium isotope ratio stability and survivorship in thermally altered bone and teeth is limited. This is surprising given the potential implications for geolocation inquiries of cremains (or severely burnt remains) in both forensic and archaeological contexts. This research will focus on the latter context by using strontium isotope analyses, via thermal ionization mass spectrometry, to reconstruct the origins of human remains from a unique late Woodland period (A.D. 600-850) archaeological burial site known as the Perrins Ledge crematory, located in the lower Illinois River valley. Strontium isotope signatures derived from the Perrins Ledge cremains will be compared with values obtained from osteological faunal remains from three contemporary neighboring sites (Carlin, Apple Creek, and Newbridge). It is expected that the Perrins Ledge values will mirror those derived from the neighboring contemporary habitation sites suggesting local groups used the crematorium.

No description available.