Orientador: Plínio de Arruda Sampaio Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T02:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leon_JaimeErnestoW.H._M.pdf: 1185013 bytes, checksum: 7ce05c1bcf110798f58518650b5f619a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A pobreza é um fenômeno multidimensional do capitalismo discutido sob diversos pontos de vista. Rejeita-se a caracterização deste problema como pura insuficiência de renda. Nesta dissertação, ela é vista como derivada da luta de classes e expressa num intenso desequilíbrio na relação de forças entre o "capital" e o "trabalho" (além disso, no Brasil, é gerada pela especificidade do processo de formação da sociedade brasileira), o qual determina o padrão tradicional de vida da massa trabalhadora. Em particular, é entendido que, no Brasil, além de influenciada pelo processo acumulativo, esta falta de equilíbrio solapa o nível de vida dos trabalhadores, uma vez que suas raízes remontam aos resquícios de seu passado colonial, quando as condições de vida do escravo eram subhumanas. Atualmente, discute-se se houve um ponto de inflexão definitivo nos fatores que determinam a pobreza no mercado de trabalho, a partir de 2003. Escolheu-se uma determinada perspectiva a fim de se alcançar o objetivo do trabalho: elaborar uma contribuição à crítica da reflexão da pobreza desde uma análise empírica sobre a qualidade dos empregos e salários. A hipótese que permeia esta dissertação formula a ideia de que as mudanças no mercado de trabalho fazem parte de uma nova rodada, conjuntural, do ciclo de modernização dos padrões consumo, em vez de uma mudança estrutural e auto-sustentada. A especificidade do dilema da pobreza no Brasil, fruto da heterogeneidade estrutural e da posição periférica do Brasil na divisão internacional do trabalho, deve ser buscada nas raízes do processo de formação econômica e social que ainda está em curso. Utilizou-se as contribuições de Celso Furtado e Caio Prado Jr. para tanto. A discussão recente acerca da pobreza foi segmentada entre i) as reflexões do "social-desenvolvimentismo", que tratam da volta da homogeneização social combinada à retomada do crescimento econômico; e ii) as críticas do "modelo liberal periférico" e da perspectiva da "formação", que enxergam problemas estruturais não solucionados. Os dados sobre os rendimentos e os tipos de emprego predominantes no período 2003-2013 foram apresentados de forma a apontar que as melhoras recentes devem ser relativizadas, pois não há indícios de que a tese social-desenvolvimentista de "crescimento com equidade" se sustente permanentemente daqui em diante, uma vez que a segregação social e a dependência externa prosseguem como marcas estruturais da economia brasileira / Abstract: The poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon of capitalism which is discussed under differents points of view. The caracterization of this problem as mere lack of income is rejected here. In this dissertation, it is seen as derived from the class struggle and expressed as an intense unbalance in the relationship between the forces "capital" and "labor" (in addition to that, in Brazil, it is generated by the specificity of the formation of the brazilian society), that determines the traditional standard of living of the working mass. In particular, it is understood that, in Brazil, beyond the influence of the cumulative process, this lack of balance undermines the standard of living of the workers, once its roots are to be found in its colonial past, when the living conditions of ths slave were subhumans. Nowadays, it is debated whether there has been a turning point in the determinants of poverty in the labor market or not, since 2003. A specific point of view was assumed in order to reaching the main goal of this dissertation: to elaborate a contribution towards the review of the poverty discussion from an empirical analysis on the quality of labor and wages. The present hypothesis of this research formulates the idea that the changes that have been seen in the labor market are part of a new, cyclical, round of modernization of the consumption patterns, instead of a structural and self-sustained transformation. The specificity of the poverty dilemma in Brazil, an outcome of the structural heterogeneity and the peripheral position in the international division of labor, must be looked for on the grounds of the economic and social formation, which still takes place. It was used the contributions of Celso Furtado and Caio Prado Jr. for such an effort. The recent discussion on poverty was divided between, on one side, the thoughts of the so called "social-developmentism", that combines economic growth and social homogenization; and, on the other side, the reviews of the "liberal-peripheric model" and the review of the "formation" outlook, both point out structural problems which are not solved. The data about wages and kind of employment between 2003-2013 were introduced so that the recent improvements can be relativized, once there is no evidence that the social-developmentist thesis of "growth with equity" sustains itself permanently henceforth, once the social segregation and external depedency remains as structural features of the brazilian economy / Mestrado / Teoria Economica / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

Jan Havlasa was the first Ambassador of Czechoslovakia to Brazil, a distinguished writer and explorer. The purpose of this thesis is to present the explorer's life. Havlasa visited Slovakia after finishing secondary school, and soon after he travelled also to Italy; Saint Louis, Missouri; or the island of Tahiti. After the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Havlasa served as the Ambassador of Czechoslovakia to Brazil (1920-1924); in 1943, Czechoslovak president Edvard Beneš called him back into diplomatic service, this time as the Ambassador to Chile. Among his most important formative experiences we can find his membership in the Opium Commission of the League of Nations. Despite the fact that Havlasa spent most of his life abroad, he never relinquished his homeland: he took interest in the situation of Czechoslovakia and fought for its independence on the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. His extensive lecturing activities, as well as his treatise Colonial Policy in Relation to the Great War earned him one year of gaol in Vienna. The thesis also takes into account Havlasa's extensive literary work and his lectures, which took place all over Czechoslovakia and during which he presented his books, photographs and travel experience to his readers and listeners.