Resultat: To tema fremkom i studien Ledelse i et krysspress og Ledelse i en omsorgsrolle. De to temaene ble belyst med fem hovedkategorier med til sammen 14 underkategorier, som viste at lederne opplever et visst krysspress med hensyn til krav fra overordnede gjeldende resultater, måloppnåelse, og forventninger fra ansatte om ivaretakelse av deres arbeidsmiljø. Endringer i offentlig sektor medfører et økt fokus på det helsefremmende aspekt og et større press på lederne for å innfri dette. De beskrivelser som fremkommer i studien viser at lederne er bevisste hvilken rolle de som ledere har i arbeidsmiljøet med hensyn til kommunikasjon, inkludering og tilrettelegging, samt samhandling og egen tilstedværelse i miljøet. Lederne har et flerdimensjonert og ulikt bilde av hva helsebegrepet innholder og omfatter. Lederne uttrykker et helhetlig syn på helse. Konklusjon: Helsefremmende arbeidsplasser representerer både noe nytt og noe kjent for lederne. Sentrale momenter i utøvelse av ledelse for å implementere konseptet er bevissthet og balansering av lederrollen, samhandling og tilstedeværelse og å ha en løsnings fokusert tilnærming til problemstillinger og en støttende lederstil.Endringene i offentlig sektor i Norge er basert på New Public Management prinsippene med fokus på resultatoppfølging og økonomi. Dette har medført at lederne opplever å ha et mindre handlingsrom for å fremme helsen til ansatte på arbeidsplassen. / Aim: This study is aimed to increase understanding of how leaders in the public sector experience and understand their role and responsiblity regarding health promotion in the workplace. Our results might prove useful in leadership training programs. Method: Data collection comprises a total of 10 semi-structured individual interviews with both male and female leaders from the public sector. Interview analysis was conducted using a phenomenographic approach. Result: Two main themes emerged: Leadership under pressure and Leadership in a caring role. Analysis also revealed 5 main categories, and 14 subcategories. The main results showed that the leaders must deal with the expectations of their superiors, who demand achievements and results, and their employees, who expect a healthy workplace environment. Changes in the public sector increasingly have focus on health promotion and on the demand that leaders fulfill this goal. The leaders understood their roles in communication, inclusion, and interaction, and also understood their own presence in the work environment. They all shared multidimensional and miscellaneous understanding of health promotion, and they expressed a holistic view of health in the workplace. Conclusion: Leaders in the public sector view healthy workplaces as both new and already familiar. Key leadership factors (ie. concept implementation, awareness and balancing of leadership roles, interaction, and presence) all require a focused approach to solutions and a supportive leadership style. Based on the new principals of public management in Norway, changes in the public sector currently focus on performance monitoring and economy. Consequently, leaders anticipate fewer possibilities for employees regarding health promotion in the workplace. / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-02-7</p>

Thesis (D. Min.)--Bethel Theological Seminary, 1994. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 314-322).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Bethel Theological Seminary, 1994. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 314-322).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Bethel Theological Seminary, 1994. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 314-322).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA APARECIDA BASILIO.pdf: 357376 bytes, checksum: e7664596484c9e27159877b28330e1d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-02 / Presently, the keynote in the scientific field is the search for a better understanding of wellbeing at work; it gathers researchers of different fields, who have demonstrated interest in the subject. In a corporate context, programs that promote health and quality of life acquire an important role when employee productivity and well-being are to be improved, whereas it is essential for the company to obtain growing results in order to have permanent improvements of the work conditions, organization and relationships. In other words, companies understand that by investing in these programs productivity should increase, generating resources that would encourage them to continue investing in employee well-being. This study s goal was to analyze the relationship between well-being at work - represented by job satisfaction, job involvement and affective commitment to the organization and participation in organizational health promotion programs. The sample size was of 117 workers (53 males and 64 females) of a multinational chemical and pharmaceutical company in the Greater São Paulo region, aged on average 30.28 years, 63 of which were single, 46 married and eight reported another marital status. The instrument used to develop this study was a survey consisting of four scales that measured job satisfaction, job involvement, affective commitment to the organization and frequency of participation in health promotion programs conducted by the company. All data collected by this instrument was numeric in nature, which allowed it to be analyzed through SPSS, version 13.0 for Windows. This data category includes information on sample description, well-being at work and participation in health promotion programs. A database was created in order to conduct descriptive analysis (frequencies, percentage distribution, means and standard deviations) and bivariate correlation (Pearson s correlation coefficient r). The data that allowed describing the health promotion programs carried out by the company were obtained by interviewing the social responsibility manager, analyzing the company report and brochures made to disclose and register these programs. A total of five program categories were identified: benefits, physical activities, health, cultural/leisure activities and community actions. The highest program adherence rate occurred in the benefits category due to the constant presence of the restaurant on the company s premises. This study revealed that, to a large extent, well-being at work - especially as far as job involvement, affective commitment to the organization, as well as satisfaction regarding co-workers, superiors and the job itself are concerned is practically not affected by health promotion programs implemented by the company. On the other hand, the participation in health promotion programs, which include the benefits, health and community actions categories, was related to promotion and salary satisfaction / No campo científico, a busca por uma maior compreensão acerca de bem-estar no âmbito do trabalho é a tônica do momento, reunindo estudiosos das mais diferentes áreas que demonstram interesse pelo tema. No contexto empresarial, o papel dos programas de promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida torna-se marcante quando se deseja o crescimento da produtividade e do bem-estar dos trabalhadores, considerando a obtenção de resultados crescentes, pela empresa, como fundamentais para que as melhorias nas condições, organização e relações de trabalho ocorram permanentemente. Ou seja, as empresas entendem que com o investimento nesses programas a produtividade deve aumentar, gerando recursos, para que esta se sinta estimulada a continuar investindo no bem-estar dos empregados. Este estudo teve como objetivo promover uma análise sobre as relações entre bem-estar no trabalho, representado por satisfação com o trabalho, envolvimento com o trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo; e freqüência a programas organizacionais de promoção da saúde. A amostra foi constituída por 117 trabalhadores de uma indústria multinacional química e farmacêutica, situada na Grande São Paulo, sendo 53 do sexo masculino e 64 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 30,28 anos, dos quais 63 eram solteiros, 46 casados e oito registram outro estado civil. Para desenvolvimento deste estudo, utilizou-se como instrumento um questionário composto por quatro escalas que mediram satisfação no trabalho, envolvimento com o trabalho, comprometimento organizacional afetivo e freqüência de participação em programas de promoção da saúde, realizados na empresa. Todos os dados recolhidos por meio do instrumento eram numéricos, o que permitiu sua análise eletrônica pelo SPSS, versão 13.0 para Windows. Nessa categoria de dados incluem-se os de descrição da amostra, os referentes a bem-estar no trabalho e freqüência aos programas de promoção da saúde. Foi criado um banco de dados para realização das análises descritivas (freqüências, percentuais, médias e desvios-padrão) e de correlação bivariada (r de Pearson). Os dados que permitiram descrever os programas de promoção da saúde promovidos pela empresa foram obtidos por meio de entrevista com a gerente de responsabilidade social, análise do relatório da empresa e de folhetos elaborados para divulgação e registro desses programas. Um total de cinco categorias de programas foi identificado: benefícios, atividades físicas, saúde, atividades culturais/lazer e ações comunitárias. A maior freqüência aos programas ocorreu na categoria benefícios, pela presença constante no restaurante da empresa. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que grande parcela do bem-estar no trabalho especialmente no que tange o envolvimento com o trabalho, comprometimento afetivo com a organização, bem como satisfações com os colegas, com a chefia e com o próprio trabalho praticamente independe dos programas de promoção da saúde promovidos pela empresa. Por outro lado, participação em programas de promoção da saúde que incluem as categorias de benefícios, saúde e ações comunitárias, relacionou-se a satisfações com promoções e com salário

The objective of this thesis is to examine which socio-economic, structural and cultural factors may influence Indian women’s propensity to contract HIV and later their ability to access the relevant healthcare services for their condition. The research draws on two theoretical frameworks, the first being Barnett and Whiteside’s (2002) concept of social structural factors of disease transmission. Second, Anderson and Aday’s (1981) model of access examines how a variety of structural and resource-based factors, e.g. area of residence, can influence usage of healthcare facilities. Two stages of data analysis were undertaken, the first being secondary statistical analysis of the National Family Health Survey III. The survey provided state level estimates on the HIV sero-status of the general population in India and data on demographic and socio-economic determinants for family planning, nutrition, utilization of healthcare and emerging health issues. The second stage of analysis consisted of a set of qualitative interviews conducted in Andhra Pradesh, India. Thirty-three interviews were conducted with female sero-positive patients and ten with HIV-infected women who were providing social services to others with the same condition. Statistical results on social structural determinants of HIV transmission illustrated that Indian women who were formerly married (OR=5.27, CI=3.07-9.04), lived in higher prevalence states (OR=3.48, CI=2.19-5.54), had a low level of education (OR=2.27, CI=1.40-3.68) and were employed (OR=1.45, CI=0.96-2.18) had significantly (<.05) higher odds of being HIV-positive in comparison to those who were not. Findings in the qualitative phase of analysis were similar but participants’ narratives illustrated that their risk of contracting HIV begun before they even had the opportunity to seek a match as they seemed to live in communities with a high level of HIV prevalence. Many of the participants commented that there were factors outside of their sphere of control, e.g. lack of education, which resulted in them having a narrow choice of potential partners. Additionally, statistical results on female participants’ access to healthcare services indicated the vast majority of HIV-positive respondents were almost certainly not aware of their sero-status as they had not undertaken an HIV test prior to the survey. As the sample of female HIV infected respondents was relatively small, it was difficult to ascertain which social factors had an impact on these participants utilisation of HIV testing services. On the other hand, respondents’ narratives from the qualitative stage of research highlighted on social structural factors which could potentially influence WLHA’s continual utilisation of HIV-related healthcare services. It was found that participants experienced the most barriers to accessing healthcare facilities in the initial phases of their treatment. These barriers were mediated by the structure of healthcare services, culturally sanctioned medical practices (e.g. physicians refusal to inform the patient of their sero-status) and quality of services.

The collapse of the communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989-1990 heralded the beginning of an economic transition from central planning to market economies. The subsequent period was marked by malfunctioning of these countries’ social sectors, including their health care systems, raising serious issues of equity. This thesis examines the impact of the transition period and the introduction of social insurance on equity in health care provision in Bulgaria. Equity in health care is investigated with respect to function - i.e. financing (according to ability to pay) and delivery (according to need) - and outcomes - i.e. health status, income inequality and poverty. Differences in health, health care financing and delivery are explored by income, education, ethnic, employment, marital status, age and sex groups. Furthermore, the thesis outlines the impact of health care provision, in particular social insurance, on poverty and health inequalities. The thesis employs empirical analysis based on household data. Its methodology includes concentration and decomposition analysis, and provides new ways of modelling health care financing and delivery, as well as the link between health and health care delivery. The thesis concludes that social insurance does not provide a uniform means of improving equity and that the root cause of the problem lies in the large proportion of out-of-pocket payments and the rather limited size of the health insurance sector. Inequity in health care provision leads to poverty and untreated illness. The data suggests that there are differences between socio-economic groups as regards their likelihood to seek treatment for their ill health, which result in differences in their health status. The social factors that have impacted the most on health are low education and low income.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Technology: Environmental Health, Durban University of Technology, 2017. / Shift work is a necessity for many organizations. Reasons for shift work are mainly to ensure continuous and optimized operations. Many studies on shift workers have concluded that it can lead to adverse physiological, social and psychological health effects. This study examines challenges associated with working shifts at a biscuits manufacturing factory. Results should be able to assist the employer in implementing effective interventions directed at limiting the negative effects of shift work on employees. This is a convergent parallel design multi method stud among 152 shift workers in a biscuits manufacturer located in Durban, KwaZulu Natal. An abbreviated and modified form of the validated SSI questionnaire was used (Barton et al. 1995). The questionnaire contained a battery of items designed to examine the relationship of health and personal adjustment to shift work. Owing to the exploratory nature of the study, a focus group methodology was also used and this allowed for in-depth qualitative research which catered for a more comprehensive understanding of the current shift work issues. A retrospective review of injury records of employees who sustained occupational injuries between 2012 and 2013 was also conducted. The sample comprised of 85 (56%) males and 63 (42%) females. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between shift work and the likelihood of sleep disturbance, poor health outcomes and limited time for social and domestic activities, adjusting for age, sex, partner working, years working night shift, marital status, job class and years employed. Odds ratio (OR) for reported sleep disturbance was slightly higher among women (OR=1.65; 95% CI = 0.25; 10.84; p < 0.05) compared to males, but this was not statistically significant. Longer shift work experience (i.e.11-20 years) was significantly associated with better health status (OR=0.18; 95%CI = 0.06; 0.46; p < 0.05). Shift work experience (11 to 20 years) was also found to be significantly associated with limited time for both social (OR = 0.10; 95%CI = 0.03; 0.30) and domestic activities (OR= 0.25; 95% CI = 0.11; 0.57; p < 0.05) (Table 4). Age had no effect on social and domestic activities, but those 40 years and above were more likely to have limited time for social and domestic activities (OR = 3.06; 95%CI =0.60; 15.60 and OR= 2.5; 95%CI=0.47; 13.06). Those with more shift work experience seemed to have more time for social and domestic activities compared to those with less than 10 years experience. Findings from the FGD’s revealed that most participants (91%) did not get sufficient sleep time after night shift; this was mainly because of the chores they had to do after getting home form night shift and disturbances from the household and neighbours. The average time spent sleeping by majority of participants after night shift was 5 hours. Swollen feet, gastric, sleep disorders, indigestion and headaches were some common complaints experienced by shift workers in this study. About 27% of participants reported to have been injured at work before. These incidents were reported to be related to drowsiness and fatigue. The company’s incident records showed a total of 160 injuires between 2012 and 2013, of which 38 occurred during night shift. In 2012, the company recorded 65 injuries which included 51 first aid (FA) injuries, 6 minor injuries (MI) and 8 lost time (LT) injuries, as categorized by the company. 2013 had the highest number of incidents, with 95 total injuries, averaging to 7.9 injuries annually. There were 84 first aid incidents recorded for year 2013, 9 minor injuries and only 2 lost time injuries. Twenty three percent (15, n=65) incidents occurred during night shift in year 2012, of which 11% (7, n=65) were females. The number of night shift incidents slightly increased to 24% (23, n=95) in 2013 and females accounted for 9.40%. The records showed that majority of injuries happened between 17h00 and 21h00 at night. Results of this study provides evidence that shift work impacts negatively on the lives of the employees and can lead to adverse health outcomes such as poor dietary intake, headaches and swollen feet to mention but a few. / M

Diploma thesis deals with payroll accounting in terms of labor law, health, social security and payroll taxes. The aim is to show how the wage is calculated with respect to the current legislation in 2014 and to clarify what influences the amount of net monthly income of employees. An important part of this work is to compare the calculation of wages of Slovak and Czech employees and analysis of the differences in their net income.

This diploma thesis mainly deals with the attitudes of professionals from helping professions towards people with disabilities. Nowadays is a great emphasis on the theme of inclusion of handicapped people and is important to go especially those people who interact with them most frequently with their attitudes and behaviour as example for society. The aim of the study is to compare responses of four selected professional areas - education, psychology, social work and health, and to determine differences in attitudes and opinions towards people with disabilities. The first part contains theoretical ground concepts related to attitudes, handicapped persons and survey conducted research on this topic. The second part is dedicated to the research conducted using a structured questionnaire. This research showed that some selected attitudes across helping professions are really different.