Na prática fisioterapêutica utilizam-se diversas técnicas de eletroterapia com finalidades antissépticas e bactericidas. Porém, poucos estudos são encontrados sobre a ação de gerador de alta frequência no tratamento de enfermidades causadoras de contaminação/infecção, como feridas crônicas. Contudo, geradores de alta frequência são conhecido por seu efeito bactericida e antisséptico, graças à produção de ozônio na superfície onde é aplicado. Tendo em vista que o gerador de alta frequência apresenta baixo custo, fácil manuseio e ação potencializadora do processo cicatricial, por meio da sua ação bactericida, a presente dissertação teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano de gerador de alta frequência sobre as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumannii. Realizou-se testes de tamanho de halo de inibição; contagem de unidades formadoras de colônia, citometria de fluxo usando o kit Live/Dead® para verificar integridade da membrana e rodamina 123 para avaliar o estresse oxidativo e avaliação da temperatura. Conclui-se que o gerador de alta frequência apresenta ação bactericida, sendo, que o tempo e a frequência comportam-se de forma dependente, sua ação é dose-dependente e age de forma mais expressiva em bactérias Gram-negativas, Sua utilização não causa aumento da temperatura local, apenas no eletrodo de vidro e a produção de radicais livres aumenta com o tempo de exposição ao gerador de alta frequência (833Hz), enquanto a viabilidade celular decresce. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-12-09T17:12:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gabriela Manosso Bampi.pdf: 1053473 bytes, checksum: 47b9df5694f5409de46618b2d0f7c98b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-09T17:12:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gabriela Manosso Bampi.pdf: 1053473 bytes, checksum: 47b9df5694f5409de46618b2d0f7c98b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In the physiotherapy practices, various electrotherapy techniques are used with antiseptic and antibacterial purposes; however, few studies are found about the action of high-frequency generator in the treatment of diseases causing contamination/infection, such as chronic wounds; nevertheless, the high-frequency generator is known for its antiseptic and bactericidal effect by producing ozone at the surface where it is applied. Considering that the high-frequency generator is inexpensive, easy handling and potentiating action of the healing process through their bactericidal action, this thesis aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of highfrequency generator on bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. To analyzed the action of highfrequency generator the following tests are realizes: inhibition zone size; counting colony forming units, flow cytometry using the kit Live / Dead® to verify membrane integrity and rhodamine 123 to assess oxidative stress and temperature evaluation. Concluding that the high-frequency generator has bactericidal action, time and frequency behave as dependents, revealing its action is dose-dependent and acts more significantly in Gram-negative bacteria. Its use does not cause local temperature increase, only the glass electrode and the free radical production increases with time of exposure to the high-frequency generator (833Hz), while cell viability decreased.

Na prática fisioterapêutica utilizam-se diversas técnicas de eletroterapia com finalidades antissépticas e bactericidas. Porém, poucos estudos são encontrados sobre a ação de gerador de alta frequência no tratamento de enfermidades causadoras de contaminação/infecção, como feridas crônicas. Contudo, geradores de alta frequência são conhecido por seu efeito bactericida e antisséptico, graças à produção de ozônio na superfície onde é aplicado. Tendo em vista que o gerador de alta frequência apresenta baixo custo, fácil manuseio e ação potencializadora do processo cicatricial, por meio da sua ação bactericida, a presente dissertação teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano de gerador de alta frequência sobre as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumannii. Realizou-se testes de tamanho de halo de inibição; contagem de unidades formadoras de colônia, citometria de fluxo usando o kit Live/Dead® para verificar integridade da membrana e rodamina 123 para avaliar o estresse oxidativo e avaliação da temperatura. Conclui-se que o gerador de alta frequência apresenta ação bactericida, sendo, que o tempo e a frequência comportam-se de forma dependente, sua ação é dose-dependente e age de forma mais expressiva em bactérias Gram-negativas, Sua utilização não causa aumento da temperatura local, apenas no eletrodo de vidro e a produção de radicais livres aumenta com o tempo de exposição ao gerador de alta frequência (833Hz), enquanto a viabilidade celular decresce. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In the physiotherapy practices, various electrotherapy techniques are used with antiseptic and antibacterial purposes; however, few studies are found about the action of high-frequency generator in the treatment of diseases causing contamination/infection, such as chronic wounds; nevertheless, the high-frequency generator is known for its antiseptic and bactericidal effect by producing ozone at the surface where it is applied. Considering that the high-frequency generator is inexpensive, easy handling and potentiating action of the healing process through their bactericidal action, this thesis aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of highfrequency generator on bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. To analyzed the action of highfrequency generator the following tests are realizes: inhibition zone size; counting colony forming units, flow cytometry using the kit Live / Dead® to verify membrane integrity and rhodamine 123 to assess oxidative stress and temperature evaluation. Concluding that the high-frequency generator has bactericidal action, time and frequency behave as dependents, revealing its action is dose-dependent and acts more significantly in Gram-negative bacteria. Its use does not cause local temperature increase, only the glass electrode and the free radical production increases with time of exposure to the high-frequency generator (833Hz), while cell viability decreased.

Thesis (M.Sc.(Medical Sciences)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Background: Wound infections continue to be problematic in clinical practice where empiric treatment of infections is a routine, with non-healing wounds being a burden to the health care system. A gap has been noted between antimicrobial resistance and demographic factors as an existing relationship. This necessitates an investigation of patterns of isolates and susceptibility profiles of microorganisms in wounds to modify the preventative and therapeutic strategies against the resistant strains leading to the stall of wound healing, which could aid in empiric treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial patterns and their associated demographic determinants in bacteria isolated from patients with non healing wounds at Pietersburg and Mankweng Hospitals, Limpopo Province. Methods: The study was conducted using antimicrobial susceptibility data collected from National Health Laboratory Service through Academic Affairs and Research Management System for the period 2016-2020. A total of 797 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test results were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27.0. The susceptibility rates for the bacterial isolates by age and gender were calculated. The mean percentages for sensitivity and resistance were also calculated. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to compare age and gender with drug susceptibility. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 797 patient Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test results, 372 (46.7%) were males and 425 (53.3%) females, with mean age of 31.42 ± 21.75 years. The most common isolates were, Klebsiella pneumoniae (23%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.7%), Escherichia coli (16%) and Proteus mirabilis (13.5%). Highest percentage of resistance to any antibiotic was amoxicillin, ampicillin (85.15%) then trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (60.85%), amoxicillin ampicillin (49.1%), tigecycline (46.35%), cefepime (32.7%), gentamycin (25.4%), ciprofloxacin (22.5%), colistin (17.6%), and meropenem (12.3%). Furthermore, the general view of the study is no statistically clinical significance on the effect of age and gender on bacterial resistance although statistical significance was noted on age the resistance Acinetobacter baumannii vi (p=0.018), and gender on K. pneumoniae (p=0.015), P. mirabilis (p=0.024). Major resistance to A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis were from female patients. Conclusions: The most effective antibiotics were meropenem, colistin, and ciprofloxacin. The highest number of isolates were K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and A. baumannii with the most effective antibiotics gentamycin, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and cefepime. Although the general view of the study is that no statistically clinical significance was noted on the effect of age and gender on bacterial resistance, it is important to note the significant observation that there was an observed relation of age to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and Ciprofloxacin and gender to amoxicillin ampicillin. As such, there is insufficient evidence that supports the effect of age and gender on antimicrobial susceptibility. The study suggests caution against the use of amoxicillin ampicillin in the treatment of wound infections as it confers low levels of efficacy and high resistance and ultimately the call to revise minimum inhibitory concentrations and critical concentrations of all less effective drugs to increase their efficacy. / National Research Foundation (NRF)