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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

EXAMINING THE ROLE OF THE XAB2 PROTEIN IN HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION

Neherin, Kashfia 01 June 2015 (has links)
DNA double strand break (DSB) repair is critical to maintain genomic integrity and cell viability. DSBs can occur during the course of cell cycle during replication or transcription, or by exogenous agents such as chemicals or ionizing radiation. For my thesis, I studied homologous recombination (HR), which has two sub-pathways: Homology Directed Repair (HDR) and Single Strand Annealing (SSA). HDR involves strand invasion of a homologous template to prime DNA synthesis; SSA involves annealing of homologous segments flanking a DSB. Background data showed that depletion of XAB2 protein by RNA interference reduced both HDR and SSA events. XAB2 protein contains 15 tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs, which likely enable protein-protein interactions. While XAB2 is speculated to have a role in transcription coupled repair and pre-mRNA splicing, its role in HR pathway is uncertain. The overall hypothesis for my thesis is that XAB2 mediates a specific step of HR (5’-3’ end resection), and the TPR motifs present in XAB2 enable the protein to function in a complex during HR. By using an end resection assay and cell biology analysis, I found that XAB2 is essential for 5’ – 3’ end resection, an intermediate step common to both HDR and SSA pathways. With a functional complementation assay I developed, I have shown that specific TPR regions are critical for XAB2 functions in HR. Overall, my research demonstrates that XAB2 protein has a key role in the 5’-3’ end resection step of HR, and its function in HR requires specific sets of its TPR regions.
2

Nucleotide Excision Repair at the crossroad with transcription / La réparation par excision de nucléotides à la croisée des chemins avec la transcription

Cerutti, Elena 10 May 2019 (has links)
L’intégrité de l’ADN est continuellement remise en question par divers agents endogènes et exogènes (p. ex., la lumière ultraviolette, la fumée de cigarette, la pollution de l’environnement, les dommages oxydatifs, etc.) qui causent des lésions de l’ADN qui interfèrent avec les fonctions cellulaires correctes. Le mécanisme de réparation par excision de nucléotides (NER) supprime les adduits d’ADN déformantes l’hélice tels que les lésions induites par les UV et il existe dans deux sous voies distinctes selon l’endroit où les lésions de l’ADN sont situées dans le génome. L’une de ces sous voies est directement liée à la transcription de l’ADN (TCR) par l’ARN Polymérase 2 (ARNP2). Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons démontré qu’un mécanisme NER entièrement compétent est également nécessaire pour la réparation de l’ADN ribosomique (ADNr), transcrite par ARN Polymérase 1 (ARNP1) et représentant 60 % de la transcription cellulaire totale. De plus, nous avons identifié et clarifié le mécanisme de deux protéines responsables du repositionnement nucléolaire dépendant des UV de l’ARNP1 et de l’ADNr observé pendant la réparation. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, nous avons étudié la fonctionne moléculaire de la protéine XAB2 lors de la réparation NER et nous avons démontré son implication dans le processus TCR. De plus, nous avons également montré la présence de XAB2 dans un complexe d’épissage du pré-ARNm. Enfin, nous avons décrit l’impact de XAB2 sur la mobilité de l’ARNP2 lors des premières étapes de la réparation TCR, suggérant ainsi un rôle de XAB2 dans le processus de reconnaissance des lésions / The integrity of DNA is continuously challenged by a variety of endogenous and exogenous agents (e.g. ultraviolet light, cigarette smoke, environmental pollution, oxidative damage, etc.) that cause DNA lesions which interfere with proper cellular functions. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) mechanism removes helix-distorting DNA adducts such as UV-induced lesions and it exists in two distinct sub-pathways depending where DNA lesions are located within the genome. One of these sub pathways is directly linked to the DNA transcription by RNA Polymerase 2 (TCR). In the first part of this work, we demonstrated that a fully proficient NER mechanism is also necessary for repair of ribosomal DNA, transcribed by RNA polymerase 1 and accounting for the 60 % of the total cellular transcription. Furthermore, we identified and clarified the mechanism of two proteins responsible for the UV-dependent nucleolar repositioning of RNAP1 and rDNA observed during repair. In the second part of this work, we studied the molecular function of the XAB2 protein during NER repair and we demonstrated its involvement in the TCR process. In addition, we also shown the presence of XAB2 in a pre-mRNA splicing complex. Finally, we described the impact of XAB2 on RNAP2 mobility during the first steps of TCR repair, thus suggesting a role of XAB2 in the lesion recognition process

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