Thesis (M.S.)--Humboldt State University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-42). Also available via Humboldt Digital Scholar.

Thesis (M.App.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Science, 2002. / "September 2002" Bibliography: leaves 77-85.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-46)

This thesis explores the changing environment of the middle and lower Yellow River basin from the Zhou to the reign of Han Emperor Wu (ca. 1045-87 B.C.), a period characterised by an increase of government control over the land along with an intensification and expansion of agriculture. The second chapter employs palaeoecological sources to look at the early environment of the region, arguing that the eastern plains were mixed forest-steppe, and that the regions to the west were mostly steppe. The third chapter uses archaeological sources to explore the rise of civilisation, the fauna of the region in the Shang period and the spread of iron tools. The fourth chapter is divided into two sections, the first of which looks at what can be learned from the texts of the period concerning agriculture, land clearance, deforestation, hunting, fishing and economic geography. The second half concerns the intensification of state power in regulating and transforming natural environments through legal measures and water control projects, as well as the development of a market economy.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-58). Also available on the World Wide Web.

No description available.

Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exhibit an estrogen stimulated sexual sizedimorphism (SSD) wherein females grow faster and larger than males. In an effort togain better understanding of this phenomenon, several genes associated with sexualdevelopment, reproduction and growth were cloned, including prolactin (PRL),somatolactin (SL), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-Ib), the estrogen receptors (ER?? andER??a) and ovarian aromatase (CYP19A1). Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assaysfor all the genes listed above, plus growth hormone (GH), were developed to measuremRNA levels in pituitary, liver and ovary.Adult fish were collected from Lake Erie in the spring (May) and autumn(October) over two years and tissue mRNA levels, body weight, age, gonadasomaticindex (GSI) and hepatasomatic index (HSI) were determined. Sex-specific differencesincluded females having higher body weights, HSI and liver ER?? mRNA levels thanmales and males having higher liver ER??a and liver CYP19A1 mRNA levels thanfemales. Season had a significant effect on growth factors (GH and IGF-Ib), with highermRNA levels in spring, which corresponded with higher liver CYP19A1 mRNA levels.Ovary CYP19A1 mRNA levels, which were higher in autumn, had a significant negativecorrelation with GH and IGF-Ib mRNA levels and liver ER??a mRNA levels had asignificant positive correlation with IGF-Ib mRNA levels.A brood of juvenile yellow perch was sampled through the first year ofdevelopment up to 421 days post-hatching (dph). There was a significant effect of dphon body weight, GH, PRL, SL, IGF-Ib, liver ER??, liver ER??a and ovary CYP19A1mRNA levels. Only liver ER??a mRNA had a significant effect of sex and exhibitedsignificant differences between males and females at 379 and 421 days post-hatching(dph). This work on yellow perch can provide predictive capabilities for estrogendependentphysiological processes in other species, especially teleosts, and can also makeyellow perch an exciting option for future ecotoxicogenomic studies.

No description available.

The occurrence of D. weischeri Chizhov, Borisov & Subbotin, a newly described stem nematode species of creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense L.), and D. dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev, a pest of garlic and quarantine parasitic species of many crops, has been reported in Canada. This research was conducted to determine if D. weischeri is a pest of agricultural crops, especially yellow pea (Pisum sativum L.) in the Canadian Prairies. Significant (P < 0.05) slight reproduction (1 < ratio of final to initial population < 2) of D. weischeri occurred on two (Agassiz and Golden) of five varieties of yellow pea examined. Other annual pulse and non-pulse crops, including common bean, chickpea, lentil, spring wheat, canola, and garlic were non-hosts for D. weischeri. Conversely, a range of reproduction responses to D. dipsaci was observed with all pulse crops being a host of the nematode. Ditylenchus weischeri was not a seed-borne parasite of yellow pea, unlike, D. dipsaci which was recovered from seed. Conversely, D. weischeri and not D. dipsaci was recovered from creeping thistle seeds. In callused carrot disks, with no addition of medium, an increase of 54 and 244 times the addition density of 80 nematodes was obtained for D. weischeri and D. dipsaci, respectively, after 90 days. Temperature had a significant influence on the development of D. weischeri and D. dipsaci in yellow pea. Development of D. weischeri did not proceed past adult stage at 17 and 22°C whereas a minimum generation time of 30 days was apparent at 27°C with the associated accumulated growing degree-days of 720 degree-days (above a base temperature of 3°C). The minimum generation time for D. dipsaci was 24, 18 and 22 days with 336, 342 and 528 degree-days at 17, 22 and 27°C, respectively. In field microplots, grain yield of yellow pea were not significantly affected by addition density of D. weischeri. At harvest, the total number of recovered nematodes per plant was not significantly different than the added at the start. The results of these studies confirm that D. weischeri is unlikely to be a pest of yellow pea for weather conditions of the Canadian Prairies. / October 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Aparecida Reolon.pdf: 542288 bytes, checksum: 9ef5bb3edbbbfd07e8195d054c9aa584 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The fruit juice industry uses around 30% of the total mass of fruits that are processed and the rest is regarded as industrial waste. This waste can be used for human consumption aiming to use for other purposes. Thus, this work was aimed at: 1 - To evaluate the effect of maturity stage of the yellow passion fruit on the physical, chemical and mineral characteristics of their shell, 2 - To evaluate the effect of storage of the yellow passion fruit shell on their physico-chemical and minerals characteristics, 3 - development and evaluation of sensory acceptability of the candy syrup of the yellow passion fruit shell, with the addition of its juice. It was used to completely randomized design with four repetitions for the treatment of stages of maturation and five repetitions for the treatment of storage. Were evaluated the contents of ash, pectin, total and reducing sugar, protein, fat, dry mater and loss of weight. The evaluates minerals parameters were: calcium, copper, iron, manganese, potassium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus. Color analysis for the treatment of shell storage was held.The acceptance analysis was based on the study of aroma, flavour, overall impression and purchase intent using structured scales and participation of 50 judges not trained. Each judge received a questionnaire containing hedônica structured scale of nine points covering answers ranging from ''1 - most disliked " at ''9 - liked very much''. In purchase intent analysis to was used structured three-point scale, with "1 - certainly not buy" and "3 - certainly buy". Throughout the study was used completely randomized design. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance and the significant effects was applied to the Tukey test and the regression analyses. The advance of maturity resulted in the reduction of the contents of protein, reducing sugar, total pectin and ash, showing that the best use of the shell, to use Phitoterapic, occurs when the fruit is a green stadium, where the pectin content is higher. The low lipids content of the shell indicates a final product of low calorie, when used as phitoterapic and when consumed in full form. There was no effect of maturation stages in the minerals content. The yellow passion fruit shell is good source of manganese, followed by iron, zinc and copper. In other nutrients, the shell this fruit has proved inadequate and low supply for a diet. As for the storage of the shell, there were effective decreases in the contents of protein, lipids, total sugar, ash and pectins during the period of storage. With the exception of copper, manganese and calcium, for other minerals was effective reductions in levels of zinc, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and iron during storage of the fruit shell. The color analysis indicated the occurrence of browning of the shell with the advance of storage time. The storage damaged the nutritional quality and appearance of shell. As the acceptance analysis of the shell candy syrup, there was good acceptance by consumers, because more than 70% of them attributed notes above 7 in all candys. Among the treatments tested, the candy with the addition of 4% of the fruit juice was the most accepted by judges in all attributes (aroma, flavor, overall impression and purchase intent). The use of the shell of the yellow passion fruit in the development of a candy syrup is an excellent choice of value aggregation / A indústria de suco de maracujá utiliza ao redor de 30% da massa total dos frutos que são processados e o restante é considerado como resíduo industrial. Estes resíduos podem ser utilizados para o consumo humano objetivando o aproveitamento para outros fins. Desta forma este trabalho teve como objetivo: 1- Avaliar o efeito do estádio de maturação do fruto do maracujá amarelo sobre as características fisico-quimicas e minerais de sua casca; 2- Avaliar o efeito do armazenamento da casca do maracujá amarelo, após a extração do seu suco, sobre as suas características físico-químicas e minerais; 3- Elaboração e avaliação sensorial de aceitabilidade do doce em calda da casca do maracujá amarelo, com a adição de seu suco. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com 4 repetições para os tratamentos de estádios de maturação e 5 repetições para os tratamentos de armazenagem. Foram avaliados os teores de cinzas, pectina, açúcar total e redutor, proteína, gordura, matéria seca e a perda de massa. Os parâmetros minerais foram: cálcio, cobre, ferro, manganês, potássio, magnésio, zinco, fósforo. Foi realizada a analise de cor para os tratamentos de armazenamento da casca. A análise de aceitação se baseou no estudo do sabor, aroma, impressão global e intenção de compra com base em escalas estruturadas e na participação de 50 julgadores não treinados. Cada julgador recebeu um questionário contendo escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos abrangendo respostas variando entre ''1- desgostei muitíssimo a ''9- gostei muitíssimo''. Na avaliação da intenção de compra utilizou-se escala estruturada de três pontos, sendo 1- certamente não compraria e 3- certamente compraria . Em todo o estudo se utilizou o delineamento inteiramente casualizado e aos dados foi aplicado análise de variância e aos efeitos significativos aplicou-se o teste de comparação de médias de Tukey e análises de regressão. O avanço da maturação resultou na diminuição dos conteúdos de proteína, açúcar redutor, pectina total e cinzas, mostrando que o melhor aproveitamento da casca como alimento funcional ocorre quando o fruto se encontra em estádio verde, quando o teor de pectina é maior. O baixo conteúdo de lipídeos da casca indica um produto final de baixo valor calórico, quando utilizado como alimento funcional e quando consumido na forma integral. Não houve efeito dos estádios de maturação no conteúdo dos minerais. A casca do maracujá amarelo é boa fonte de manganês, seguido de ferro, zinco e cobre. Nos demais nutrientes, a casca do maracujá se mostrou deficiente e de baixo fornecimento para uma dieta. Quanto ao armazenamento da casca, houve diminuições efetivas nos conteúdos de proteína, lipídeos, açúcar total, cinzas e pectinas durante o período de estocagem. Com exceção do cobre, do manganês e do cálcio, para os outros minerais houve diminuições efetivas nos teores de zinco, magnésio, potássio, fósforo e ferro durante o armazenamento da casca do maracujá. A análise de cor indicou a ocorrência de escurecimento da casca com o avanço do tempo de armazenagem. A estocagem da casca mostrou ser prejudicial a sua qualidade nutricional e à sua aparência. Quanto a analise de aceitação do doce em calda da casca, ficou demonstrado que independente dos tratamentos houve boa aceitação pelos provadores, pois mais de 70% deles atribuíram notas acima de 7 em todos os doces. Entre os tratamentos testados, o doce com a adição de 4% de suco do maracujá foi o mais aceito pelos provadores em todos os atributos (aroma, sabor, impressão global e intenção de compra). O aproveitamento da casca do maracujá amarelo na elaboração de doce em calda é uma excelente opção de agregação de valor