Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-02-15T14:41:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA190.pdf: 885818 bytes, checksum: 21660458cb53ec0336571690a0d7c0f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T14:41:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA190.pdf: 885818 bytes, checksum: 21660458cb53ec0336571690a0d7c0f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-04 / Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative bacterium and belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is an emerging pathogen already been detected worldwide. As a psychrotrophic bacteria, it becomes important risk factor for the consumer. Because of the importance of Y. enterocolitica, and great pork production in Santa Catarina Midwest region aimed to determine the presence of Y. enterocolitica in pigs slaughtered in the region. To this material were collected from 44 pigs, such as tonsils, submandibular lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, inguinal lymph nodes and head meat, totaling 220 samples. In the laboratory, samples were prepared with selective enrichment broth PSB homogenized for 2 minutes and further incubated at a temperature between 22 and 25 ° C with stirring for 72 hours, the sample of the broth was PSB Exhaust striated surface Agar CIN. Colonies characteristics were confirmed with "Serum Yersinia enterocolitica Poly", and biochemical test Bactray I and II. Y. enterocolitica was isolated in 6 samples from tonsils, 3 mesenteric lymph nodes, submandibular lymph nodes 2, 1 inguinal lymph node and 1 sample collected of the head meat, totaling 13 positive samples (5.91%) of the 220 collected. In eleven of carcasses (25%) was isolated from Y. enterocolitica at least one of the locations analyzed. The results showed that Y. enterocolitica is present in clinically healthy herd of animals of the Midwest of Santa Catarina and that there were housing the contamination in a meat sample head suggesting a risk to consumer health if they eat contaminated meat with this pathogen / Yersinia enterocolitica é uma bactéria Gram negativa e pertencente à família Enterobacteriaceae. Trata-se de um patógeno emergente e já detectado em todo o mundo. Por ser uma bactéria psicrotrófica, torna-se importante fator de risco para o consumidor. Devido a importância de Y. enterocolitica, e a grande produção de carne suína na região do meio oeste catarinense, objetivou-se determinar a presença de Y. enterocolitica em suínos abatidos em frigoríficos da região. Para isso foram coletados materiais de 44 suínos, como tonsilas, linfonodos submandibulares, linfonodos mesentéricos, linfonodos inguinais e carne da cabeça, totalizando 220 amostras. No laboratório, as amostras foram preparadas com caldo de enriquecimento seletivo PSB, homogeneizadas por 2 minutos e após incubadas em temperatura entre 22 e 25ºC, por 72h com agitação, a amostra do Caldo PSB foi estriada por esgotamento em superfície de Agar CIN. Colônias características foram confirmadas com o “Soro Yersinia enterocolitica Poli”, e com teste bioquímico Bactray I e II. Y. enterocolitica foi isolada em 6 amostras de tonsilas, 3 de linfonodos mesentéricos, 2 de linfonodos submandibulares, 1 de linfonodo inguinal e 1 de amostra coletada da carne de cabeça, totalizando 13 amostras positivas (5,91%) das 220 coletadas. Em onze carcaças, (25%) Y. enterocolitica foi isolada em pelo menos um dos locais analisados. Os resultados mostraram que Y. enterocolitica está presente no rebanho de animais clinicamente saudáveis da região meio oeste de Santa Catarina e que houve contaminação da carcaça em uma amostra de carne da cabeça o que sugere um risco para a saúde dos consumidores se ingerirem carne contaminada com esse patógeno

An enhanced notified enteric disease surveillance trial began on 1 July 2007 and continued until 30 June 2008. The aim of the trial was to measure the quality, timeliness and completeness of data collected and submitted by a regional Public Health Service (PHS) to the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), via the national disease database (EpiSurv) for notified cases of enteric diseases. The trial evaluated two different methods of data collection: postal questionnaires and telephone interviews. Telephone interview techniques were used to improve the contact rate, timeliness and completeness of data gathered from all notified cases of campylobacteriosis in the Manawatu, Horowhenua and Tararua regions. The target set for the project was to achieve a 95% contact rate with 90% full completion of all EpiSurv data fields. For all notified cases of campylobacteriosis a 97% contact rate was achieved in a time frame of between zero to 20 days (three day median) and completeness of all the EpiSurv case report fields ranged between 96 – 100% in the final data. Prior to the commencement of the study, between 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005, MidCentral PHS (MCPHS) made contact with around 58% of all notified cases of campylobacteriosis and 77% of all other notified enteric disease cases1 . A short pre-screen mail questionnaire, with reply-paid envelope, was sent to all notified cases of cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, salmonellosis and yersiniosis in the MCPHS regions. EpiSurv case report fields were completed using information supplied in the returned questionnaires. Return rate, timeliness, and completeness were compared with the telephone interview group. Fifty three percent of cases we attempted to contact via mail questionnaire responded within two to 63 days (six day median) and completeness of all the EpiSurv case report fields ranged between 81 – 100%. In addition, we monitored the newly introduced ESR Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) flags for increased levels of disease compared to historical disease rates, and assessed its usefulness as a tool to identify potential outbreaks in the region. While no outbreaks that had not already been identified by PHS staff were found by monitoring the EARS system, EARS has become an important tool in the MCPHS for comparing our rates of disease with bordering PHSs. EARS also provided a good quick reference tool for media enquiries and the graphs produced in EARS have been well utilised as visual aids for training and seminars presented during the trial period. The results of the surveillance trial initiatives were compared to the rest of New Zealand (NZ) over the same time frame and with a comparable, medium-sized, PHS. While the results of the telephone interviews from the MCPHS trial were close to the comparable PHS, they were significantly higher than for the rest of NZ. The postal questionnaires achieved a lower contact rate than the comparable PHS but similar to the rest of NZ. However, the quality of data gathered in the returned MCPHS postal questionnaire was significantly higher in most fields. Additional analysis was undertaken which indicated that those cases living in higher deprivation and rural areas were less likely to respond to a postal questionnaire. An over-representation of common enteric disease notifications from rural areas in the MCPHS was also highlighted by our research. This trial has shown the effectiveness of utilising telephone interviews and telemarketing techniques for gathering timely and complete data for human enteric disease surveillance within the MCPHS. It has also demonstrated that a short pre-screen questionnaire can be effective in collecting good quality data needed to complete the standard EpiSurv case report form.

An enhanced notified enteric disease surveillance trial began on 1 July 2007 and continued until 30 June 2008. The aim of the trial was to measure the quality, timeliness and completeness of data collected and submitted by a regional Public Health Service (PHS) to the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), via the national disease database (EpiSurv) for notified cases of enteric diseases. The trial evaluated two different methods of data collection: postal questionnaires and telephone interviews. Telephone interview techniques were used to improve the contact rate, timeliness and completeness of data gathered from all notified cases of campylobacteriosis in the Manawatu, Horowhenua and Tararua regions. The target set for the project was to achieve a 95% contact rate with 90% full completion of all EpiSurv data fields. For all notified cases of campylobacteriosis a 97% contact rate was achieved in a time frame of between zero to 20 days (three day median) and completeness of all the EpiSurv case report fields ranged between 96 – 100% in the final data. Prior to the commencement of the study, between 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005, MidCentral PHS (MCPHS) made contact with around 58% of all notified cases of campylobacteriosis and 77% of all other notified enteric disease cases1 . A short pre-screen mail questionnaire, with reply-paid envelope, was sent to all notified cases of cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, salmonellosis and yersiniosis in the MCPHS regions. EpiSurv case report fields were completed using information supplied in the returned questionnaires. Return rate, timeliness, and completeness were compared with the telephone interview group. Fifty three percent of cases we attempted to contact via mail questionnaire responded within two to 63 days (six day median) and completeness of all the EpiSurv case report fields ranged between 81 – 100%. In addition, we monitored the newly introduced ESR Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) flags for increased levels of disease compared to historical disease rates, and assessed its usefulness as a tool to identify potential outbreaks in the region. While no outbreaks that had not already been identified by PHS staff were found by monitoring the EARS system, EARS has become an important tool in the MCPHS for comparing our rates of disease with bordering PHSs. EARS also provided a good quick reference tool for media enquiries and the graphs produced in EARS have been well utilised as visual aids for training and seminars presented during the trial period. The results of the surveillance trial initiatives were compared to the rest of New Zealand (NZ) over the same time frame and with a comparable, medium-sized, PHS. While the results of the telephone interviews from the MCPHS trial were close to the comparable PHS, they were significantly higher than for the rest of NZ. The postal questionnaires achieved a lower contact rate than the comparable PHS but similar to the rest of NZ. However, the quality of data gathered in the returned MCPHS postal questionnaire was significantly higher in most fields. Additional analysis was undertaken which indicated that those cases living in higher deprivation and rural areas were less likely to respond to a postal questionnaire. An over-representation of common enteric disease notifications from rural areas in the MCPHS was also highlighted by our research. This trial has shown the effectiveness of utilising telephone interviews and telemarketing techniques for gathering timely and complete data for human enteric disease surveillance within the MCPHS. It has also demonstrated that a short pre-screen questionnaire can be effective in collecting good quality data needed to complete the standard EpiSurv case report form.

An enhanced notified enteric disease surveillance trial began on 1 July 2007 and continued until 30 June 2008. The aim of the trial was to measure the quality, timeliness and completeness of data collected and submitted by a regional Public Health Service (PHS) to the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), via the national disease database (EpiSurv) for notified cases of enteric diseases. The trial evaluated two different methods of data collection: postal questionnaires and telephone interviews. Telephone interview techniques were used to improve the contact rate, timeliness and completeness of data gathered from all notified cases of campylobacteriosis in the Manawatu, Horowhenua and Tararua regions. The target set for the project was to achieve a 95% contact rate with 90% full completion of all EpiSurv data fields. For all notified cases of campylobacteriosis a 97% contact rate was achieved in a time frame of between zero to 20 days (three day median) and completeness of all the EpiSurv case report fields ranged between 96 – 100% in the final data. Prior to the commencement of the study, between 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005, MidCentral PHS (MCPHS) made contact with around 58% of all notified cases of campylobacteriosis and 77% of all other notified enteric disease cases1 . A short pre-screen mail questionnaire, with reply-paid envelope, was sent to all notified cases of cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, salmonellosis and yersiniosis in the MCPHS regions. EpiSurv case report fields were completed using information supplied in the returned questionnaires. Return rate, timeliness, and completeness were compared with the telephone interview group. Fifty three percent of cases we attempted to contact via mail questionnaire responded within two to 63 days (six day median) and completeness of all the EpiSurv case report fields ranged between 81 – 100%. In addition, we monitored the newly introduced ESR Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) flags for increased levels of disease compared to historical disease rates, and assessed its usefulness as a tool to identify potential outbreaks in the region. While no outbreaks that had not already been identified by PHS staff were found by monitoring the EARS system, EARS has become an important tool in the MCPHS for comparing our rates of disease with bordering PHSs. EARS also provided a good quick reference tool for media enquiries and the graphs produced in EARS have been well utilised as visual aids for training and seminars presented during the trial period. The results of the surveillance trial initiatives were compared to the rest of New Zealand (NZ) over the same time frame and with a comparable, medium-sized, PHS. While the results of the telephone interviews from the MCPHS trial were close to the comparable PHS, they were significantly higher than for the rest of NZ. The postal questionnaires achieved a lower contact rate than the comparable PHS but similar to the rest of NZ. However, the quality of data gathered in the returned MCPHS postal questionnaire was significantly higher in most fields. Additional analysis was undertaken which indicated that those cases living in higher deprivation and rural areas were less likely to respond to a postal questionnaire. An over-representation of common enteric disease notifications from rural areas in the MCPHS was also highlighted by our research. This trial has shown the effectiveness of utilising telephone interviews and telemarketing techniques for gathering timely and complete data for human enteric disease surveillance within the MCPHS. It has also demonstrated that a short pre-screen questionnaire can be effective in collecting good quality data needed to complete the standard EpiSurv case report form.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-15T13:03:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA16MA207.pdf: 1011799 bytes, checksum: cc3f945283e9dbd2cb016b09c05e7f70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T13:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA16MA207.pdf: 1011799 bytes, checksum: cc3f945283e9dbd2cb016b09c05e7f70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Capes / Yersinina enterocolitica is a Gram-negative bacteria with zoonotic potential. It is associated with the occurrence of enteric diseases in humans. Pigs are considered the main source of Y. enterocolitica and the bacteria is mainly found in the pig’s palatine tonsils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in palatine tonsils of healthy pigs from Santa Catarina, during the slaughter process. In order to achieve this goal, a multiplex PCR technique was performed so as to detect the presence of virulence genes (ail, yadA and virF). This technique was compared to quantitative real time PCR (qPCR), only for the ail gene. Palatine tonsils were randomly collected from 400 pigs from four federally inspected slaughterhouses of the state of Santa Catarina. One positive sample was found for the three studied virulence genes, which were confirmed by DNA sequencing. The analysis of partial sequences of the three virulence genes identified three unique amino acid changes, one in the virF gene and two in YadA gene. This sample had 11.058.398 molecules/μL detected by qPCR. By comparing the two techniques, qPCR was 100 times more sensitive than standard PCR. This result shows low occurrence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in healthy pigs from federally inspected slaughterhouses in Santa Catarina / Yersinia enterocolitica é uma bactéria Gram-negativa emergente que possui potencial zoonótico e está associada a quadros de infecção alimentar em humanos. Os suínos são considerados o principal reservatório de Y. enterocolitica, abrigando-a principalmente nas tonsilas. Tendo em vista a carne suína como uma das mais consumidas no mundo e a importância deste agente zoonótico, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de Y. enterocolitica patogênica em tonsila de suínos no momento do abate no estado de Santa Catarina. Para isto, foi utilizada uma PCR convencional multiplex que detecta a presença de genes de virulência (ail, yadA e virF) e comparou-se esta técnica com a PCR quantitativa em tempo real (qPCR), somente para o gene ail. Foram coletadas aleatoriamente tonsilas de 400 suínos provenientes de quatro frigoríficos com inspeção federal em diferentes regiões do estado. Foi realizado o sequenciamento do DNA dos genes amplificados das amostras positivas na cPCR e posteriormente foi feita a análise filogenética. Apenas uma amostra foi positiva para os três genes pesquisados na PCR convencional, os quais foram confirmados por sequenciamento. A análise das sequências parciais dos três genes de virulência identificou três mudanças de aminoácidos exclusivas, sendo uma no gene virF e duas no gene yadA. Na qPCR esta amostra apresentou 11.058.398 moléculas/μL. Ao comparar as duas técnicas, a qPCR foi 100 vezes mais sensível que a PCR convencional. Isso demonstra uma baixa ocorrência de Y. enterocolitica patogênica em suínos sadios ao abate em frigoríficos com inspeção federal em Santa Catarina