Cette thèse analyse les rapports culturels complexes entre le monde juif et le monde polonais en Pologne dans les années 1885-1939 à la lumière des traductions du polonais vers le yiddish et du yiddish vers le polonais. Les acteurs culturels concernés sont les Juifs polonais face à la société majoritaire, donc d’un point de vue linguistique les yiddishophones face aux polonophones, ainsi que les milieux juifs d’expression polonaise et yiddish. La thèse aborde divers aspects des contacts culturels : les représentations des Juifs dans la littérature polonaise et celle des Polonais dans la littérature yiddish, la traduction de la littérature mondiale en yiddish, ainsi que l’attitude envers cette langue en Pologne. Elle traite aussi, dans un large contexte socioculturel, de la traduction littéraire dans les deux sens, y compris dans la création théâtrale et l’édition pour enfants. Ce que l’on peut en conclure, c’est le grand intérêt du public yiddishophone pour la culture polonaise. Les traductions du yiddish en polonais attirent peu d’attention de la part des non-Juifs, mais constituent un important facteur identitaire pour des Juifs polonisés. / This thesis analyzes the complex cultural relations between the Jewish world and the Polish world in Poland in the years 1885-1939 as seen through translations from Polish to Yiddish and from Yiddish to Polish. The persons concerned in this process are the Polish Jews as opposed to the majority population or, from a linguistic point of view, Yiddish speakers in contrast with the Polish-speaking majority, as well Jewish circles in which Yiddish and Polish were spoken. The thesis touches on various aspects of these cultural contacts: the representation of Jews in Polish literature and of Poles in Yiddish literature, the translation of world literature into Yiddish, and the attitude toward the Yiddish language in Poland. It also deals with literary translation in both directions viewed in a broad socio-cultural context, including theatrical creation and children’s literature. The conclusion that can be drawn is that of a great interest in Polish culture on the part of the Yiddish-speaking public. As for translations from Yiddish to Polish, they attract little attention from non-Jews but constitute an important factor in the identity of assimilated Jews.

[pt] O cinema yiddish é brevemente mencionado na bibliografia sobre a história mundial do cinema. A partir da lacuna, a corrente pesquisa, realizada no contexto desta tese de doutorado, apresenta o cenário do surgimento do cinema falado em yiddish, proveniente do teatro yiddish, com o objetivo de incluir esta prática cultural e artistica no campo dos estudos históricos do cinema. O argumento é que o gesto de desenterramento do cinema yiddish, como parte do revigoramento contemporâneo da cultura yiddish, funciona como um passe para a transmissão e a resistência ao seu total apagamento. O cinema-passaporte atravessa diversas temporalidades e permite uma imersão na cultura, através da pesquisa nos arquivos de imagens do cotidiano das comunidades judaicas na Polônia no entreguerras. Para sustentar a questão da ausência do cinema yiddish na biografia da história mundial do cinema, são investigados quatro filmes: Mir Kumen On (Estamos Chegando, Aleksander Ford, 1936), Yidl mitn Fidl (Yidl e o Violino, Joseph Green e Jan Nowina-Przybylski, 1936), Der Dibuk (O Dibuk, Michał Waszyński, 1937) e Um dia em Varsóvia (A Day in Warsaw, Saul e Yitzhak Goskind, 1939). Além das narrativas, o objetivo é mostrar a história dos filmes e de seus diretores com o propósito, sempre necessário, de transmitir a importância da preservação da memória da cultura yiddish através do cinema, bem como dos fragmentos de filmes que sobreviveram ao genocídio da Shoah e dos aspectos centrais que emergem a partir das narrativas. / [en] Yiddish cinema is briefly mentioned in the bibliography on the world history of cinema. Starting from this gap, the current research, carried out in the context of this doctoral dissertation, presents the scenario of the emergence of cinema spoken in Yiddish, originated from Yiddish theater, with the aim of including this cultural and artistic practice in the field of historical film studies. The argument is that the gesture of unearthing the yiddish cinema, as part of a contemporary revival of yiddish culture, works as a pass for transmission and resistance to its total erasure. The Passport-cinema crosses different temporalities and allows an immersion in culture, through research in the archives of images of the daily life of the Jewish communities in Poland during the interwar period. To support the issue of the absence of Yiddish cinema in the biography of world cinemahistory, four films are investigated: Mir Kumen On (We are Coming, Aleksander Ford, 1936), Yidl mitn Fidl (Yidl and the Violin, Joseph Green e Jan Nowina- Przybylski, 1936), Der Dibuk (The Dibuk, Michał Waszyński, 1937) and Um dia em Varsóvia (A Day in Warsaw, Saul e Yitzhak Goskind, 1939). In addition to the narratives, we bring the history of the films and their directors, with the always necessary purpose of conveying the importance of preserving the memory of Yiddish culture through cinema, as well as the film fragments that survived the Shoah genocide, and the central aspects that emerge from these narratives.