This study utilizes longitudinal, mixed-method data drawn from participants in an environmental education/international immersion program for middle high-school students to study outcomes and processes associated with program participation. Studies of program outcomes and processes are important for better understanding the design and impact of youth programs. The first study investigated the relationships between experience types (i.e., indirect vs. direct) and learning outcomes (i.e., knowledge vs. attitudes). In other words, what is the difference in impacts between reading a book about the rain forest and actually traveling to the rain forest? Findings suggest that experience type plays a significant role in the type of learning outcomes as well as how these outcomes influence behavior. More specifically, direct experiences appear to catalyze knowledge in a way that facilitates future behavior development. The qualitative data also suggest that participants' perceptions of perceived freedom during the program moderated whether participation was experienced as direct or indirect. The second study employed a social development model (SDM) to understand the relationship between within program socialization processes and program outcomes. The model provided a good fit for the data and predicted a significant portion of the variance in environmental behavior after controlling for baseline levels of this outcome variable. Additionally, analysis of qualitative data produced a proposed model of shared activities and bonding that suggests youth valued experiences where adults participated with them as equals rather than as disciplinarians or administrators. The final study provided insights regarding the degree to which the program was implemented as originally planned and how the domains of implementation integrity influenced program outcomes. The findings suggest that of the measured implementation domains, only participant responsiveness was significantly related to program outcomes. Data also suggest that implementer efficacy can have differing impacts on program adherence. The qualitative data suggest that most participants positively perceived the program and felt it was well organized. In sum, the findings provide a holistic perspective of the processes and outcomes of this program. Rather than merely presenting an overview of program impacts, the study offers insights into the processes (e.g., socialization) and characteristics (e.g., experience types) that produced observed outcomes. Thus, the study presents a more complete picture of what individuals gained through their participation in this program as well as the processes that led to these gains.

This study utilizes longitudinal, mixed-method data drawn from participants in an environmental education/international immersion program for middle high-school students to study outcomes and processes associated with program participation. Studies of program outcomes and processes are important for better understanding the design and impact of youth programs. The first study investigated the relationships between experience types (i.e., indirect vs. direct) and learning outcomes (i.e., knowledge vs. attitudes). In other words, what is the difference in impacts between reading a book about the rain forest and actually traveling to the rain forest? Findings suggest that experience type plays a significant role in the type of learning outcomes as well as how these outcomes influence behavior. More specifically, direct experiences appear to catalyze knowledge in a way that facilitates future behavior development. The qualitative data also suggest that participants' perceptions of perceived freedom during the program moderated whether participation was experienced as direct or indirect. The second study employed a social development model (SDM) to understand the relationship between within program socialization processes and program outcomes. The model provided a good fit for the data and predicted a significant portion of the variance in environmental behavior after controlling for baseline levels of this outcome variable. Additionally, analysis of qualitative data produced a proposed model of shared activities and bonding that suggests youth valued experiences where adults participated with them as equals rather than as disciplinarians or administrators. The final study provided insights regarding the degree to which the program was implemented as originally planned and how the domains of implementation integrity influenced program outcomes. The findings suggest that of the measured implementation domains, only participant responsiveness was significantly related to program outcomes. Data also suggest that implementer efficacy can have differing impacts on program adherence. The qualitative data suggest that most participants positively perceived the program and felt it was well organized. In sum, the findings provide a holistic perspective of the processes and outcomes of this program. Rather than merely presenting an overview of program impacts, the study offers insights into the processes (e.g., socialization) and characteristics (e.g., experience types) that produced observed outcomes. Thus, the study presents a more complete picture of what individuals gained through their participation in this program as well as the processes that led to these gains.

The topic of the diploma thesis is tourism of young people and it researches the influence of three chosen student's organisation on VŠE. First two chapters of the thesis are dedicated to the general description of tourism of young people which is also referred to as Youth Travel. This new segment of tourism shows specific characteristics as for motivation factors, budget, length of stay and usage of modern technologies which are described here. Next chapter deals with the benefits of this segment to the tourism industry. Various forms of Youth Travel and its demand is described in the second chapter more detailed. Third chapter speaks about three student's organisations -- AIESEC Praha, AEGEE Praha and ESN VŠE Buddy System -- which are also focused on outgoing tourism of their members. A research was carried out for the practical part of the thesis. The research examined knowledge of the students about the offer of their organisations, their personal benefits of membership in such a club and their travel habits. Later a second research was carried out among all the students of VŠE (meaning non-members also), which showed a potential for a new student's organisation, which would function as a tour-operator and would organize trips and tours for its members. In connection with this research there is a proposal for such a new organisation called VŠEtravel, z.s.

The main topic of my diploma thesis was a youth sector and its specific habits in tourism. The main objective was to evaluate the infrastructure and the specific forms of youth travel in New Zealand, followed by a product creation for the youth sector. In order to reach the main objective, the methods of analysis and comparative method were used; specifically the analysis of accommodation, transport, activities and comparison of findings in theoretical part of the thesis and practical part of the thesis. Furthermore, a potential for a development of specific forms of youth travel in New Zealand was analysed. The main findings was that New Zealand is highly recommended for the youth sector for its supply of accommodation, transport and activities for youth, as well as for its potential for a development of the specific forms of youth travel.

This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of consumer behaviour and preferences of university students concerning tourism. The aim of the thesis is to prepare set of recommendations of marketing mix tools setting which should help tourism service providers to market effectively to students. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of basic terms that are used in the thesis. Furthermore, it provides the analysis of existing data and description of student consumer behaviour and trends in youth tourism. The practical part focuses on the research itself conducted by interviewing students at the universities all over the Czech Republic. The outcome are the recommendations and tipps which are based on the research analysis how to prepare effective marketing strategy and how to set individual tools of marketing mix in order to attract youth travellers.

This final thesis deals with outgoing tourism of young Czechs to Germany. The theoretical part presents characteristics of tourism destination marketing and a definition of Youth Travel. The analytical part is concerned with the potential of Germany as a destination of young people from the Czech Republic and presents results of a conducted survey for the demand of young Czechs for destination Germany.

Cheng, Connie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 182-192). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; appendix in Chinese. / Thesis / Assessment Committee --- p.i / Abstracts --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / "A Note on the Use of Chinese / Japanese Terms, Names, and Webpage Materials" --- p.V / Table of Contents --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Preface --- p.1 / Objectives and Significance --- p.4 / Issues to be Addressed --- p.5 / Methodologies --- p.10 / Structure of the Thesis --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- The Rise of Japanese Pop Culture in Hong Kong - The 1980s --- p.15 / Japan's Economic Influences in Hong Kong --- p.15 / Japanese Popular Culture Boom in Hong Kong --- p.19 / Tourist Flows to Japan in the 1980s --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- The Second Japanese Popular Culture Boom - The 1990s --- p.38 / The Change in Economic and Social Environment --- p.38 / Japanese Popular Culture Continues to Flourish --- p.40 / Japanese Pop Music (J-pop) --- p.40 / "Animation, Comic and Game (ACG)" --- p.42 / Japanese Television Dramas --- p.47 / Hong Kong Tourists to Japan and the Development of Cultural Pilgrimage --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- The Age of Cultural Pilgrimage - the 2000s --- p.64 / Hong Kong People's Consumption of Japanese Products --- p.64 / Pop Songs --- p.64 / Television Dramas --- p.65 / ACG --- p.66 / Tours to Japan --- p.69 / Pop Culture Tourism and Cultural Pilgrimage --- p.75 / Governmental Strategies --- p.77 / Tour Agencies' Strategies --- p.87 / Self-guided Tourists --- p.91 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Case Studies of Hong Kong Young People who Performed Cultural Pilgrimages to Japan --- p.112 / Case 1 --- p.113 / Case 2 --- p.117 / Case 3 --- p.121 / Case 4 --- p.125 / Case 5 --- p.129 / Case 6 --- p.135 / Case 7 --- p.138 / Case 8 --- p.142 / Case 9 --- p.146 / Case 10 --- p.149 / General Remarks --- p.154 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Concluding Analysis --- p.157 / Chapter 1. --- Cultural Pilgrimage and the Cultural Identities of Hong Kong Young People --- p.158 / Chapter 2. --- The Impacts of the Rise of Pop Culture Tourism on Tourism --- p.162 / Chapter 3. --- Meanings of Cultural Pilgrimage to Fandom Study --- p.170 / Chapter 4. --- New Perspectives on the Understanding of Cultural Globalization --- p.173 / Chapter Appendix A - --- Survey Questionnaire --- p.178 / Chapter Appendix B - --- Interview Questions --- p.180 / Bibliography --- p.182

The thesis examines Youth Travel, the new trend and new segment of tourism. Its goal is to analyze this market and recommend the appropriate strategy to the destinations and enterprises in order to attract Youth Travelers. The theoretical part presents the definition of Youth Travel, indicates its benefits and analyses the factors of its development. The analytical part is concerned with the potential of the Czech Republic for the development of Youth Travel and the tendency of Youth Travelers to visit this destination. The contribution of this work can be seen in the new product concept which might be helpful in attracting Youth Travelers to one of the regions of the Czech Republic.