Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-86). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-86). Also available on the Internet.

Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner against the first three larval instars of Heliothis virescens (F.) was studied under greenhouse and field conditions. The primary objective of these studies was to determine the susceptibility of the tobacco budworm to Dipel, a commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis. Both greenhouse and field studies showed that first-instar larvae were more susceptible to all dosage levels of Dipel tested (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 1b/A). The higher rates of 0.5 and 1.0 1b/A gave better control and remained effective for longer periods against the first-, second- and third-larval instars than did the lower rates of 0.125 and 0.25 1b/A. The efficacy of all Dipel rates decreased significantly with each subsequent post-application-date bioassay, and only the higher dosages of 0.5 and 1.0 1b/A remained effective at the three-day residue period in the field studies. The addition of a feeding stimulant, Coax, at 0.25 1b/A, to all Dipel treatments resulted in a significant increase in larval mortality of all instars tested. Dipel plus Coax exhibited longer residual activity than did Dipel alone, indicating that Coax may protect the spores and toxin from degradation by the direct sunlight. When second-instar tobacco budworm larvae were allowed to feed on Dipel-treated terminals for 6, 18 or 30 hours and then transferred to untreated diet, they showed a great capacity to recover from the effect of the toxin. However, as the Dipel rate or exposure time was increased, the ability of larvae to recover was decreased. Dipel did have an effect on the biological activity of treatment-surviving larvae. Larval and pupal development was delayed, pupal weight was decreased, and female fecundity was reduced. In all cases the changes were proportional with the Dipel rate and with the length of exposure. No apparent effect was shown relative to adult longevity or egg viability for those surviving Dipel treatments as larvae. When Dipel was applied directly on tobacco budworm eggs, it had no effect on egg hatch but did significantly affect survival of newly-emerged larvae, indicating the larvae consumed a lethal dose of the toxin during eclosion. The compatibility of Dipel in combination with Geocoris punctipes (Say) against first-instar larvae of Heliothis virescens was also studied under greenhouse and field conditions. Results of these studies indicated the possibility of utilizing the two biological agents to suppress tobacco budworm populations in the field. A minimum density of one Geocoris nymph per 4 row feet is required, plus an effective field rate of Dipel. When adult tobacco budworms were fed on Dipel at 32000 IU/ml, their longevity and fecundity were significantly reduced. An adult feeding stimulant is needed to lure the adults to a Dipel source.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [224]-254). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [224]-254). Also available on the Internet.

Resumo: Estudou-se a seletividade do herbicida nicosulfuron, isolado e em mistura com atrazine, a trinta híbridos comerciais de milho, no ano agrícola 2006/2007, em área da UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal (SP). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 5 x 30. Foram avaliados cinco herbicidas: nicosulfuron isolado (0, 50 e 60 g ha-1) e em mistura com atrazine (20 g ha-1 + 1,5 kg ha-1; 40 g ha-1 + 3,0 kg ha-1). O nicosulfuron isolado e em mistura com atrazine foi seletivo a 23 híbridos (A015, AG 2040, AG 8060, AGN 30A06, BM 1115, BRS 1035, BX 974, CDXS 012, CDXT 295, MAXIMUS, NB 3234, NB 4214, NB 8304, P 30K 73, P 30F36, P32R48, P30S40, SHS 5080, SHS 7070, SHS 7080, XB 6010, XB 6012, XB 7116), com base na produtividade de grãos. Dentre os trinta híbridos estudados, doze apresentaram efeito significativo de fitointoxicação, sendo eles: AG 2040, AG 8060, AGN 30A06, CDXS012, CDXT 295, NB 3234, NB 7324, SHS 5090, SHS 7070, XB 6010, XB 6012, XB 7116. A injúria visual causados pela aplicação de 50 e 60 g ha-1 nicosulfuron foi mais pronunciada do que as doses em mistura com atrazine. Os híbridos que sofreram perda na produção de grãos pela aplicação de nicosulfuron, isolado ou em mistura com atrazine, foram AGN 30A05, BRS 1015, BRS 1031, BX 981, NB7324, SHS 5090, P 30R32. / Abstract: Aiming selectivity studying the nicosulfuron herbicide, isolated and in mixture with atrazine, on thirty corn hybrids, in the agricultural year of 2006/2007, at UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, (São Paulo State). The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, four replications, in a factorial scheme 5 x 30. Five herbicides treatments were evaluated; isolated nicosulfuron (0, 50 and 60 g ha-1) and in mixture with atrazine (20 g ha-1 + 1.5 kg ha-1 and 40 g ha-1 + 3.0 kg ha-1). Nicosulfuron isolated and in mixtures with atrazine was selectivy to 23 hybrids (A015, AG 2040, AG 8060, AGN 30A06, BM 1115, BRS 1035, BX 974, CDXS 012, CDXT 295, MAXIMUS, NB 3234, NB 4214, NB 8304, P 30K 73, P 30F36, P32R48, P30S40, SHS 5080, SHS 7070, SHS 7080, XB 6010, XB 6012, XB 7116) based in grain yield. Among thirty hybrids studied, only twelve hybrids show significant effect of phytotoxicity, which were: AG 2040, AG 8060, AGN 30A06, CDXS012, CDXT 295, NB 3234, NB 7324, SHS 5090, SHS 7070, XB 6010, XB 6012, XB 7116. The visual damage caused by the application of 50 e 60 g ha-1 nicosulfuron were more pronounced than the nicosulfuron doses in combination with atrazine. The hybrids that suffered losses in its production by the application of nicosulfuron alone or in combination with atrazine were hybrids AGN 30A05, BRS 1015, BRS 1031, BX 981, NB7324, SHS 5090 and P30R32. / Orientador: Julio Cezar Durigan / Coorientadora: Núbia Maria Correia / Banca: Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves / Banca: Fernando Tadeu de Carvalho / Mestre

Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade / Banca: Mário Luiz Teixeira de Moraes / Banca: Orivaldo Arf / Banca: José Branco de Miranda Filho / Banca: Pedro Mário de Araújo / Resumo: O milho é uma planta cultivada no mundo todo e de importância econômica mundial. Em função de sua importância, amplos programas de melhoramento são realizados nesta cultura. Das várias técnicas utilizadas, a seleção recorrente recíproca tem sido importante na melhoria do cruzamento entre duas populações e, consequentemente, na obtenção de melhores híbridos entre linhagens extraídas das mesmas. No entanto o sucesso da seleção recorrente recíproca depende da existência de variabilidade genética interpopulacional e heteroze. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a existência de variabilidade genética nas populações de milho de porte baixo Isanão-VF1 e Isanão-VD1, em condições de espaçamento reduzido e alta densidade de plantas, visando o início de um programa de seleção recorrente recíproca. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos para oito caracteres, avaliando-se 80 progênies de meios irmãos interpopulacionais Isanão-VF1 e 72 Isanão-VD1, semeadas na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia, Campus de Ilha Solteira (UNESP), em Selvíria/MS. Foi encontrada variabilidade genética interpopulacional, expressa através dos caracteres florescimento feminino (FF), altura de plantas (AP), altura de espigas (AE) e rendimento de grãos (RG), com herdabilidades (em nível de médias de progênies) de 68,8%, 76,9%, 75,0% e 54,78%, respectivamente. Os índices de variação (coeficiente de variação genético/coeficiente de variação experimental) foram de 0,9; 1,1; 1,0 e 0,6, respectivamente para FF, AP, AE e RG. Espera-se um ganho de 10,76%/ciclo de seleção no RG do híbrido interpopulacional, 19 qualificando as populações Isanão-VF1 e Isanão-VD1 para serem submetidas a um programa de seleção recorrente recíproca. Com uma heterose de 38,2% do híbrido interpopulacional sobre as populações... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Maize is a cultivated crop around the globe, and of worldwide economic importance. Due to its importance, wide genetic breeding programs are constantly applied upon it. Among the techniques employed, reciprocal recurrent selection has been important in improving the cross between two populations and in obtaining superior hybrids of inbred lines originated from them. However, the success of reciprocal recurrent selection is dependent of interpopulation genetic variability. The objective of this research was to verify the presence of genetic variability in brachytic populations Isanão-VF1 and Isanão-VD1 maize, cultivated in reduced row spacing and high plant density, aiming at beginning a reciprocal recurrent selection breeding program. Were Genetic parameters estimated for eight traits, evaluated in 80 interpopulation half-sib progenies of Isanão-VF1 and 72 of Isanão-VD1, at the UNESP Research Farm, located in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Interpopulational genetic variability was expressed in the traits silk emergence (FF), plant height (AP), ear height (AE) and grain yield (RG). The coefficients of heritability progeny mean basic were 68.8%, 76.9%, 75.0% and 54.8%, respectively. Estimates of the index of variation (genetic variation coefficient/experimental variation coefficient) were 0.9, 1.1, 1.0 and 0.6, for SE, PH, EH and GY, respectively. A gain of 10.76%/cycle on GY is expected on the interpopulation hybrid, indicating Isanão-VF1 and Isanão-VD1 populations as base for a reciprocal recurrent selection progr am. The heterosis of 38.2% of the interpopulation hybrid over the parental populations qualify the latter as a sources of inbred lines, to be used us hybrid crosses more adapted the condition of high plant density and reduced row spacing. / Doutor

Orientador: Ana Maria Rodrigues Cassiolato / Banca: Sandra Maria Gomes da Costa / Banca: João Antonio da Costa Andrade / Resumo: O milho é uma das culturas mais cultivadas no mundo, e constitui a base alimentar para milhões de pessoas, sendo uma das espécies mais estudadas e melhoradas atualmente. Devido ao seu rápido crescimento, esta cultura apresenta elevada demanda de nutrientes, especialmente nitrogênio e fósforo, podendo assim beneficiar-se da associação com microrganismos do solo, entre estes, os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares. O benefício destes é reconhecido cientificamente, e abrange um vasto número de culturas economicamente importantes, podendo destacar-se de um modo geral as gramíneas, como beneficiadas neste processo de associação simbiótica. O estudo foi conduzido em condições de campo, na Fazenda Experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia, Campus de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, localizada em Selvíria-MS, no ano agrícola de 2001/2002. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar variações na associação micorrízica arbuscular com diferentes genótipos de milho, utilizando fungos micorrízicos arbusculares autóctones, em condições de campo com baixo nível tecnológico. Os caracteres estudados foram: número de esporos/100 g de solo, porcentagem de colonização micorrízica, altura de inserção de espiga, altura de planta, produção de matéria seca e rendimento de grãos, em linhagens endogâmicas e seus híbridos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 2 repetições e 30 tratamentos. Para a porcentagem de colonização micorrízica foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre linhagens, híbridos e para o contraste linhagens versus híbridos. Para o rendimento de grãos, ocorreram diferenças significativas entre híbridos e para o contraste. A análise qualitativa de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares autóctones constatou a presença de 12 espécies, sendo Scutellospora calospora... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: Corn is one of the most cultivated crops in the world, and constitutes the alimentary basis for millions of people. Due to its faster growth, the corn crop presents high demand for nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus. Thus, the association with soil microorganisms, among these the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be very beneficial to the crop. This beneficial symbiotic association is recognized scientifically, and it embraces a vast number of cultures economically important. The present study was conducted in field conditions, in the Experimental Farm of UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-SP, in the agricultural year of 2001/2002. The objective was to verify the of autochthonous association arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with different corn genotypes in field conditions. The following characters were studied: number of spores/100 g of soil, percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, height of corn ear insert, plant height, dry matter production and grain yield in inbred lines and their hybrids. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks, with 2 repetitions and 30 treatments. For the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization significant differences were detected among inbred lines, hybrids and for the contrast inbred lines versus hybrids. For the grain yield, there was significant differences between hybrids and for the contrast. The qualitative analysis of autochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi indicated the presence of 12 species. Scutellospora calospora, Entrophospora colombiana and Scutellospora pellucida were the most abundant ones. There were qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of AMF and preferential associations among AMFs and genotypes. In general, the characters were positively correlated with production of dry matter and productivity of grains. For percentage... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Mestre

Submitted by Ana Paula Russo Schimidt Jefery (schimidt.ana@gmail.com) on 2018-06-07T12:13:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ana Paula Russo Schimidt Jefery.pdf: 1747996 bytes, checksum: e0875cc17829cdad5bcb572b43720a4d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-06-07T12:21:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jefery_aprs_dr_botfca.pdf: 1601762 bytes, checksum: f093397ad05508e789eca1216cb098a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-07T12:21:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jefery_aprs_dr_botfca.pdf: 1601762 bytes, checksum: f093397ad05508e789eca1216cb098a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O setor agrícola é o maior usuário dos recursos hídricos uma vez que a água é um elemento essencial para o cultivo de qualquer espécie vegetal. A necessidade crescente de produção de alimentos, fibras e energia tem fortalecido o uso das técnicas de irrigação no Brasil e no mundo. Para que se possa usufruir dos vários benefícios que a irrigação pode proporcionar, é importante o conhecimento da relação entre a quantidade de água aplicada aos cultivos e a produção obtida. Essa relação pode ser expressa através uma função matemática denominada função de produção, que é uma importante ferramenta de análise e tomada de decisão, mas a obtenção das funções de produção envolve experimentos de campo, caracterizando-se por ser um processo demorado e oneroso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um modelo de transformação de funções de produção água-cultura obtidas em condições experimentais para determinada cultura e local, para ser utilizada pela mesma cultura em outra região com condições distintas da região original, desde que se conheça a lâmina de água correspondente a 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura, e a respectiva produtividade. O modelo de transformação desenvolvido e as funções de produção obtidas na literatura foram aplicados a dados coletados de lâmina total aplicada e produtividade em localidades no estado de São Paulo para as culturas de feijão e milho visando a avaliação do ajuste fornecido. Concluiu-se que as funções de produção da literatura tenderam a superestimar as estimativas, enquanto as funções transformadas minimizaram a variação dos dados, fornecendo ajuste adequado com os dados reais em praticamente todas os locais avaliados, tanto para a cultura do feijão como para a cultura do milho. / Agriculture is the main user of water resources because water is essential for any crop growing. The demand for food, fiber and energy production is increasing and has strengthened the use of irrigation techniques in Brazil and worldwide. In order to be able to take advantage of the benefits that irrigation can provide, it is worth to know the relationship between the water depth applied to the crops and the yield obtained. This relationship can be expressed through a mathematical function called production function, being an important tool of analysis and decision making. Obtaining the production functions involve field experiments, characterized as a time-consuming and costly process. The objective was to elaborate a mathematical model to generate a water-culture production functions obtained under experimental conditions for a given crop and place, to be used by the same crop in another region with different conditions of the original region, provided that at least one pair of water blade data corresponding to 100% crop evapotranspiration and productivity. The transformation model developed and production functions obtained in the literature were applied to data collected from productivity / total blade applied in some farms of São Paulo State, for bean and corn crops. We concluded that the production functions of the literature tended to overestimate the values, whereas the transformed functions minimized the variation of the data, providing adequate adjustment with the real data in practically all evaluated farms, both for the bean and corn crops.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Biotechnology) / High temperature stress is synonymous with the attenuation of plant growth, metabolism and eventually death resulting in major loss of crop productivity worldwide. Part of the metabolic perturbations associated with heat stress leads to the excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have highly deleterious effects on cellular homeostasis. Naturally, through millions of years of evolution and adjustment, plants have developed antioxidant enzymes that neutralize harmful ROS species offering a protective role in the annulment of oxidative damage in response to high temperature. The aim of this study was to measure the activity of several antioxidant enzymes in response to heat stress in Zea mays.