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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo fitoquímico e da atividade biológica de Zanthoxylum rhoifolium / Study phytochemical and of the activity biological of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium

Weber, Andréia Denise 12 August 2005 (has links)
Four previously known dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids, Dihydrochelerythrine (39), Bocconoline (42), Chelerythrine (2) and 6- Acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (33), were isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, along with other three lignans and the triterpen Lupeol (11). One of the lignans was identified as being sesamine (114), common in Zanthoxylum and the other two, already known, called Kaerophyllin (117) and Gadain (120) belong to dibenzylbutyrolactones. However, Kaerophyllin (117) and Gadain (120) were isolated for the first time from the Zanthoxylum rhoifolium. The structures of these metabolites were determined, mainly through spectroscopic methods, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 1H e 13 C (COSY, HMQC e HMBC), mass spectrometry and through the comparison of the data obtained from the melting point and data from the literature. The pure compounds and the hexane and eterea acid fractions, as well as chloroform basic fraction were tested for antitumor activity with nine cultured human tumor cell lines in vitro: MCF-7 (breast), NCI-ADR (breast with phenotype of the drug-resistant), UACC-62 (melanoma), NCI-460 (lung), PCO-3 (prostate), HT29 (colon), OVCAR (ovary), 786-0 (kidney) e K-562 (leukemia). The dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids and the fractions showed more active, inhibiting the growth and provoking the death of several cell lines. On the other hand, the lignans showed no significant activity, being that, gadain (120) showed citostatic activity for all lines, only in the largest concentration tested. Through antimicrobial activity assays against Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilius; ramnegatives: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella setubal and fungi: Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Sacharomyces cerevisiae and Cryptococcus neoformans, it was possible to observe that the alkaloids and the fractions were really active, mainly against bacteria. Chelerythrine (2) was the most active compound due to the growth inhibition of all the tested microorganisms, at the lowest concentration tested (0.15μg). The lignans were inactive against the tested microorganisms. The results found through the Microdilution Method showed that the alkaloid Chelerythrine presents a fungicide bacteriostatic property. / Quatro alcalóides benzofenantridínicos já conhecidos, Diidrocheleritrina (39), Bocconolina (42), Cheleritrina (2) e 6-Acetonildiidrocheleritrina (33), foram isolados da casca da raiz de Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, juntamente com outras três lignanas e o triterpeno Lupeol (11). Uma das lignanas foi identificada como sendo a Sesamina (114), comum no gênero Zanthoxylum e as outras duas pertencem à classe dibenzilbutirolactônica, denominadas de Kaerofilina (117) e Gadaina (120), ambas já conhecidas, porém foram isoladas pela primeira vez de Zanthoxylum rhoifolium. As estruturas destes metabólitos foram determinadas, principalmente, por métodos espectroscópicos, como a espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear 1H e 13 C (COSY, HMQC e HMBC), espectrometria de massas e através da comparação dos dados obtidos a partir do ponto de fusão e dados da literatura. Os compostos puros e as frações ácidas hexânica e etérea, bem como a fração clorofórmica básica foram submetidas a testes de atividade antitumoral com nove linhagens de culturas de células tumorais humanas in vitro: MCF-7 (mama), NCI-ADR (mama com fenótipo de resistência a múltiplas drogas), UACC-62 (melanoma), NCI-460 (pulmão), PCO-3 (próstata), HT-29 (cólon), OVCAR (ovário), 786-0 (rim) e K-562 (leucemia). Os alcalóides benzofenantridínicos e as frações apresentaram-se mais ativos, inibindo o crescimento e provocando a morte de diversas linhagens celulares. Já as lignanas apresentaram atividade pouco significativa, sendo que gadaina (120) exibiu atividade citostática para todas as linhagens, somente na maior concentração testada. Através dos ensaios de atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias Grampositivas: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Bacillus subtilius; Gram-negativas: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli e Salmonella setubal e fungos: Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Sacharomyces cerevisiae e Cryptococcus neoformans, observou-se que os alcalóides e as frações foram bastante ativos, principalmente, contra bactérias. Cheleritrina (2) foi o composto mais ativo, devido à inibição de rescimento de todos os microrganismos testados, na menor das concentrações testadas (0,15μg). As lignanas não foram ativas contra os microrganismos testados. Através dos resultados obtidos pelo Método de Microdiluição, observou-se que o alcalóide cheleritrina apresenta caráter bacteriostático e fungicida.
2

Etude Phytochimique de Plantes Médicinales des Andes Vénézuéliennes : Zanthoxylum rhoifolium LAM (Rutaceae) et Bulnesia arborea Cl. Gay (Zygophyllaceae) / Phytochemical Study of Medicinal Plants from the Venezuelan Andes : Zanthoxylum rhoifolium LAM (Rutaceae) and Bulnesia arborea Cl. Gay (Zygophyllaceae)

Santiago Brugnoli, Laura Vanessa 22 July 2011 (has links)
Ces travaux de thèse concernent l’étude phytochimique de deux plantes médicinales appartenant aux genres Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) et Bulnesia (Zygophyllaceae) connus pour leur utilisation en médecine traditionnelle, et plus particulièrement deux espèces endémiques des Andes Vénézuéliennes : Z. rhoifolium LAM et B. arborea Cl. Gay. L’étude des feuilles et des tiges de ces deux plantes a conduit à l’isolement de dix composés purs et complètement caractérisés : sept sont nouveaux (e.g., l’alcaloïde zanthoxyfoline, des saponines de types triterpène et ergostane) et l’un d’entre eux présente un squelette sesquiterpénique jusqu’alors jamais décrit (i.e., le bulnéarboréanoside I). / This work is a phytochemical study of two medicinal plants belonging to the genera Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) and Bulnesia (Zygophyllaceae), which are known for their use in folk medecine, and in particular two endemic species of the Venezuelan Andes: Z. rhoifolium LAM and B. arborea Cl. Gay. The study of leaves and stems of these two plants led to the isolation of ten pure and fully characterized compounds: seven are new natural products (e.g., the alkaloid zanthoxyfoline, triterpene- and ergostane-types saponins) and one of them presents a sesquiterpene skeleton hitherto ever described (i.e., le bulnearboreanoside I).
3

Análise Fitoquímica e Estudo das Atividades Antimicrobiana, Antioxidante e de Inibição da Enzima Acetilcolinesterase das espécies Zanthoxylum rhoifolium e Zanthoxylum hyemale. / Phytochemical analisis and antimicrobial activity, antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity study of species Zanthoxylum rhoifolium and Zanthoxylum hyemale

Zanon, Graciane 22 October 2010 (has links)
The present study was designed to evaluate the biological activity from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium and Zanthoxylum hyemale. The neutral methanol extract and fractions of this extract, the basic fractions that were obtained after acid-basic extraction from the methanolic extract, and pure compounds isolated from these fraction, were investigated in vitro for antimicrobial activity, antioxidant potential and for acetylcholinesterase inhibition. From the dichlorometane fraction of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium were isolated three furoquinoline alkaloids: skimianine, 8-hidroxy-4,7-dimetoxy-furoquinoline, and γ-fagarin, four benzophenantridine alkaloids: dihydrocheleritrine, dihydroavicine, zanthoxyline and cheleritrine. From the hexane fraction, the lignanes sesamine and lupeol were also isolated. From the neutral methanol extract were isolates de aporfinic alkaloid magnoflorine. The minimal inhibitory concentration of cheleritrine (MIC =1.50 μg/ml) for all tested bacteria, and between 3.12 and 12.5 μg/ml for the tested yeasts, showed this alkaloid have a excellent antimicrobial activity compared to chloramphenicol (between 3.5 to 6.25 μg/m for bacteria) and nistatin (between 5.5 to 10.3 μg/ml for yeasts). The study highlighted the antimicrobial activity of Z. rhoifolium stem bark. This activity is probably due their higher benzophenantridinic alkaloids level. The furoquinoline alkaloids, despite their insignificant antimicrobial activity, were the most active against the enzime AChE. In addition, in this work, the amide tembamide was isolated from the steam bark of Zanthoxylum hyemale, and their derivatives used for a structure-ativity analysis. / O presente estudo foi proposto para avaliar a atividade biológica da casca do caule de Zanthoxylum rhoifolium e Zanthoxylum hyemale. O extrato metanólico neutro e as frações deste extrato, as frações básicas obtidas após extração ácido-base do extrato metanólico e os compostos puros isolados dessas frações, foram avaliados in vitro quanto a atividade antimicrobiana, potencial antioxidante e inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Da fração diclorometânica de Zanthoxylum rhoifolium foram isolados três alcalóides furoquinolínicos: skimianina, 8-hidroxi-4,7-dimetoxi-furoquinolinico e γ-fagarina, quatro alcalóides benzofenantridínicos: diidrocheleritrina, diidroavicina, zantoxilina e cheleritrina. Da fração hexânica foram isolados a lignana sesamina e o triterpeno lupeol. A partir do extrato metanólico neutro foi isolado o alcalóide aporfinico magnoflorina. A concentração inibitória mínima de cheleritrina (CIM = 1,50 μg/ml) para todas as bactérias testadas, e entre 3,12 e 12,5 μg/ml para as leveduras testadas, mostraram que este alcalóide possui uma excelente atividade antimicrobiana em comparação ao cloranfenicol (entre 3,5-6,25 μg/ml para as bactérias) e nistatina (entre 5,5-10,3 μg/ml para as leveduras). O estudo evidenciou a atividade antimicrobiana da casca do caule de Z. rhoifolium. Esta atividade é, provavelmente, devido ao seu alto nível de alcalóides benzofenantridínicos. Os alcalóides furoquinolinicos, mostraram pequena atividade antimicrobiana e foram os mais ativos frente a enzima AChE. Além disso, neste trabalho, a amida tembamida foi isolada da casca do caule de Zanthoxylum hyemale e seus derivados utilizados para uma análise de relação estrutura-atividade.

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