<p dir="ltr"> As part of humanity's constant effort to explore and expand, the race to establish a cislunar economy is afoot. The Cryobubbles experiment seeks to advance the state of the art in long-term cryogenic propellant management, a field that is an integral part of exploring the next great frontier. The Cryobubbles experiment was created to understand an unexpected bubble formation phenomenon during a tank-pressure control strategy test of NASA's Zero Boil-off Tank (ZBOT) on the International Space Station. A few hypotheses about the causes of bubble formation were developed, and thanks to a NASA flight opportunities grant, the Cryobubbles experiment was designed and manufactured with a \$95,000 budget to test these hypotheses on a parabolic flight.</p><p dir="ltr"> This master's thesis explains the importance of understanding the causes of bubble formation and the thermodynamic operating point chosen to replicate ZBOT conditions. The operation of the experiment and the design of technologies developed to make these operations work are also discussed. Some notable technologies include an insulation sizing algorithm created to maintain the experiment operating point, cryogenically rated viewports that allow for high-quality video recording of the experiment, and copper coils sized to allow for the safe use of noncryogenic equipment in a cryogenic test setup. All of these designs were constrained by a budget, a fast-approaching flight test deadline, and safety considerations.</p><p dir="ltr"> At the time of this writing, the experiment has been fully designed, manufactured, and assembled. The next step is to conduct testing.</p>

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<p>Future long-duration space missions will take humans farther from the support resources of Earth than ever before. These missions will require microgravity surgical technologies in the case of an emergency that necessitates medical intervention. This experiment integrated three different surgical technologies for testing in weightlessness on parabolic flights: a surgical containment dome, a multi-function surgical wand, and a microgravity blood-air separator. Two fluid loops were utilized: one in which the surgical wand, containment dome, and a wound model were used to provide a realistic mixture of blood simulant and air to the blood-air separator. The other fluid loop used prescribed mixture ratios of air and blood to test the performance of the separator under varying conditions. The results of this experiment showed that the multi-functional surgical tool and dome functioned as designed. In addition, each separator successfully separated the blood and air from the mixture, allowing for future blood transfusion. With this demonstration, each system used in this experiment qualifies as technology readiness level 6. Advancing the technology readiness level of these technologies further will require long duration zero-g testing on-orbit before inclusion in authentic space mission emergency surgical strategy. </p>