The study sought to establish the impact of using the local content policy in reducing television cultural influences on Mbare youth in Zimbabwe. It is assumed that television has ideological and hegemonic functions which have come to dominate the life styles of the youths on issues of dress styles, musical tastes and language, thus threatening and weakening the long established local cultures. Hence the Zimbabwean government’s local content policy was established to reduce influences of alien cultures. This study, therefore, sought to establish if Mbare youth cultures confirm or reject the imitation of television cultures with regard to dress styles, music tastes and language. In addition, the investigation aimed at establishing the feasibility of using the local content policy to reduce foreign cultural intrusions vis-à-vis globalisation challenges. The three theories utilised in the discussion of the influence of television on Mbare youth culture in this study include the cultivation theory, the theory of hegemony and the uses and gratification theory. A qualitative study was adopted to gather data using focus group discussions, questionnaires and semiotic analysis. The sample of the study consisted of 87 participants and 4 Youth.com programmes. The study revealed that television has ideological and hegemonic functions. As such, it tends to be a dominant influence on the life styles and culture of Mbare youths. The study also established that Youth.com influences youth culture through music. In Zimbabwe music has become the most influential aspect of Youth.com despite not being specified in the local content policy on television broadcasting. Furthermore, the study shows that the implications of globalisation on local television content are undermining government efforts to preserve local cultures through the local content policy. The primary reason for this has to do with the fact that Youth.com programme does not contain a higher quota of local content as stipulated in the policy. However, although the local content policy was viewed as a political gimmick, the the study revealed that it was necessary in view of youths’ vulnerability to television’s ideological and hegemonic influences. Nevertheless, in view of the loopholes revealed by this study, the policy requires to be revised to cater for all the essential cultural elements, such as, music, which are allowing alien cultures to penetrate local ways of life. For instance, the urban groove music has major impacts on the culture of Mbare youths.

M.A. (Historical Studies) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The research study focused on the integrating of indigenous African knowledge systems in teaching and learning at the Catholic University of Zimbabwe. The curriculum of the Catholic University of Zimbabwe offers a number of degree courses. The study sets out to address the problem with the curriculum of the Catholic University of Zimbabwe, namely, that it is to a large extent dominated by Western knowledge and gives little priority to indigenous African knowledge systems. The majority of the courses offered at the CUZ are Eurocentric in nature and give little regard to the indigenous African knowledge systems. The study was undergirded by the Afrocentric theory which focuses on giving the African world view in terms of knowledge. The research study was informed by the constructivist paradigm which focuses on how individuals analyse and construct meanings of social situations. The research approach is qualitative in nature that means it is based on social interpretation and not numerical analysis of data. The data in the study was generated through face-to-face interviews, focus group discussion and document analysis. The data was presented under different themes. The study found out that they are few courses in the CUZ curriculum which include IAKS. Most of the knowledge and theories in the courses offered at the Catholic University of Zimbabwe curriculum are Western oriented. The knowledge in most of the courses is reminiscent of the colonial education system and gives no regard to indigenous African knowledge systems. The recommendation is for the inclusion of indigenous African Knowledge systems in the CUZ curriculum. / Educational Foundations / D. Ed. (Philosophy of Education)

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / Background Cervical cancer is the 2nd most common cancer in women globally representing 13% of female cancers and accounting for 11% of the total cancer deaths (Ahmedin et al.2011). Several studies demonstrated the association between HIV and HPV. In Zimbabwe the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is high and cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women of all age groups. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of HIV infected women on cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening at Musiso Hospital, Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe. Methods 208 self administered questionnaires were used with a 100 per cent response rate. Quantitative data were analysed using STATA statistical package version 12 for descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-squared tests were done for hypothesis testing at 5 per cent level of significance and 95 per cent confidence level. Multiple variable logistic regressions models were also used to assess association between outcomes of interest and socio-demographic characteristics. All open ended questions were analysed using qualitative methods. Results Out of the 208 participants, 45 (21.6 per cent) respondents claimed to know what cervical cancer is. About 55.3 per cent said cervical cancer is preventable. The majority (92.8 per cent) did not know any screening tests. Just above three quarters (77.3 per cent) of the respondents believed they were at risk of having cervical cancer. About 9 per cent (18) of all participants had screened for cervical cancer before and 95.8 per cent respondents reported would like to screen for cervical cancer in the future. Conclusion HIV infected women at Musiso mission hospital were found to be having inadequate knowledge, positive attitude and inadequate practices on cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening. There is need to equip these women with knowledge on cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening to increase cervical cancer screening uptake. Key Concepts: knowledge, attitude, practice, screening, cervical cancer

Bibliography: leaves 277-286.

MAAS ( Xitsonga) / Ehansi ka Senthara ya M.E. R. Mathivha ya Tindzimi ta Afrika, Vutshila na Ndhavuko / This study is an investigation of Shangani rituals in the Shangaan communities with specific reference to N’wanedzi and Chiredzi District in Zimbabwe. The study analyses the relevance of Shangaan rituals and how they can be performed and preserved. Rituals are cultural or religious ceremonies performed according to the prescribed social rules and customs. Rituals of various kinds are a feature of almost all known human societies but each community has specific rituals that can be prescribed by the tradition of that community. These rituals are critical to individual and community development. The study also examined the extent to which the Shangaan rituals have disappeared and how the socio-economic lives of the Shangaan communities have been affected. The study also highlighted what best can be done to promote rituals, the attitudes of the Shangaan people towards rituals and importance of reviving them. The study is qualitative in nature henceforth the researcher will employ qualitative approach to collect data. The research technique to be used will be interviews and observations. Although the essence of the study will be generalised to the whole of Shangaan speakers, the field will be delimited to N’wanedzi District in Zimbabwe. Data will be analysed using thematic qualitative method. Through this method of analysing data, a number of themes will be identified conveying the findings and making an interpretation of the meaning of the data. Chapter I focuses on the background, research problem, rationale of the study, aims and objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, theory of the study, definition of terms which were mostly used in the research, and methods of analyising data. Chapter 2 deals with literature review whereby the researcher will explore work done by other scholars related to rituals .Research to be reviewed includes dissertations, thesis books and articles that have addressed issues like the importance of rituals in society. Chapter 3 deals with research methodology and data analysis. Research methodology is the plan for selecting subjects and data collection procedures to answer a research question. The study shall employ two data collection techniques namely interviews and observations. vii Chapter 4 is an analysis of Shangaan rituals, death rituals that is the announcement of death, the burial of chiefs, family head and kids, the unveiling of the tombstone, appeasing of family and national spirits and the reasons for their disappearance among the Shangaan. Chapter 5 is an analysis of Shangaan rituals like the rainmaking ceremony, Christian’s participation in praying for rain, the first fruit festival, male circumcision and girls initiation rites. The chapter also focuses on the attitudes of the Shangaans towards rituals and the importance of reviving them. Chapter 6 provides an overview of entire the study, research findings, conclusions and recommendations.

LLM / Department pf Public Law / Capital punishment has been widely applied by countries since time immemorial. The concept, however, is highly controversial. That is, on the one hand, the anti-abolitionist states argue that it is an effective form of punishment, on the other side; the abolitionist states contend that it is an unjustifiable infringement of people’s fundamental right to life. There have been calls, both regionally and globally, for a moratorium on the death penalty. The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights was promulgated as a move towards the abolition of the death penalty in all countries and states in the world. Article 1 (2) of the instrument states that, “Each state party shall take all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty within its jurisdiction”. At regional level, Article 4 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights provides that all human beings are inviolable and entitled to the respect and integrity of their person. As such, no one may be deprived arbitrarily of this right. In addition, Article 1 of the Protocol to the African Charter provides that the death penalty shall not be applied by state parties in their territories or any person within their jurisdiction. Despite the current global and regional trends towards the abolition of the death penalty and its inherent controversy, Zimbabwe remains anti-abolitionist, and entrenched the death penalty in section 48 (2) of its 2013 Constitution. Adopting a doctrinal research methodology, the study critically analyses section 48 (2) (d) of Zimbabwe’s Constitution, and examines how it affects key fundamental rights as well as the way forward in the light of the international human rights standards on the death penalty. / NRF

MPH / Department of Public Health / The high maternal mortality ratio is caused by various factors, including avoidable complications which can be reduced by attendance to antenatal care visits. The utilisation of antenatal care has been low in rural areas, especially in Africa. The purpose of this study was to explore the utilisation of antenatal care in Mutasa District of Zimbabwe. This study used a qualitative study approach, adopting the descriptive, explorative design that presented an active image of the research participants’ reality and capture live experiences. Participants of the study were pregnant women and women with children under the age of one. The participant were sampled using purposive and snow-ball sampling techniques. In-depth interviews were conducted. The participants were interviewed in their native language, Shona. The main question was: Can you explain in your own words how you use antenatal care services from the primary health care facility? The researcher clarified questions which the participant failed to understand. The researcher wrote down all responses and used a tape recorder to capture the responses. The researcher analysed data using thematic content analysis where themes and sub-themes were discussed. The main theme was low uptake of antenatal care in rural primary health care facilities. From the main theme there were factors influencing and perceptions of women on uptake of antenatal care services in primary health care facilities. Trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, dependability, transferability and conformability. Permission from the relevant authorities, such as the University of Venda Higher Degrees Committee, the Provincial Medical Director and the District Administrator was sought before conducting this study. Informed consent was also sought before interviewing the participants. The study concluded that socio-demography of participants affected antenatal care attendance. These are age, level of education, low income, high parity and distance to facility. Other hindering factors to utilization of antenatal care were lack of knowledge, religion and acceptability of antenatal care by the women in rural primary health care facilities. Findings will be disseminated through a research report and published in relevant accredited journals with the help of the supervisors. The study recommended that the Ministry of Health and Child Care of Zimbabwe review Antenatal Care policies to ensure friendliness and to increase awareness through health education and continuous dissemination of antenatal care information. / NRF

Bibliography: pages 488-519. / This study is based on the assumption that money 'powers the urban system'. Its focus is the geography of public finance in Harare and ideologically inspired change in urban management. The context is the changing circumstances attendant upon the transfer of power from minority White settler colonial rule to Black majority rule in Zimbabwe. The ruling ZANU-PF party professed a continuing ideological commitment to the principles of "Marxist-Leninist-Maoist" socialism. It was surmised that application of these principles to the discharge of urban management and to the provision of public goods and services by a Black City Council would have been reflected in changing trends in the generation, allocation and distribution of public funds. Expressed as an aphorism, the geography of public finance investigates 'who gets what, where; who pays, who benefits, who decides, and who decides who decides'. These issues are addressed in the present study. Annual income and expenditure on both capital and revenue accounts for selected Council operations, were analysed in an attempt to identify significant trends from 1978 to 1984. Analytical methods include regression analysis, tests for statistical significance, multi-variate analysis and shift-share analysis. Local authority organisation and practice in colonial Salisbury is described as a basis for the evaluation of changing patterns of public service delivery after independence. Perceptions of priority issues for the city's growth and development were solicited from Councillors in a structured, open-ended questionnaire, and Council by-laws were analysed for evidence of change in the regulation and control of urban activities. Major findings include: 1. that the accounting procedures employed by the City Council are inappropriate for geographical analysis; 2. that the organisational structure and operational procedures of the Council, particularly with respect to urban finance remain virtually unchanged; 3. that the financial and other data provide evidence of the reallocation and redistribution of public funds to redress the colonial legacy of inequality; but 4. that fundamental structural change consistent with criteria indicating transition to a socialist urban space-economy has not occurred. Evidence is advanced in support of these conclusions and major reasons are suggested.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts. / This paper analyses the music of Oliver Mtukudzi in order to ascertain how he uses his music as a means of addressing the socio-political issues in Zimbabwe. Mtukudzi's music has, for decades now, been thought to reflect and voice the realities of life in Zimbabwe. Particular emphasis has been placed on the lyrics because they contain the messages of the songs. An evaluation of the music and its addressivity in conjunction with the lyrics is also examined to determine how Mtukudzi uses them both as ways of enhancing the message in the songs. Using the theory of addressivity the paper looks at the nature of this address within the songs chosen for evaluation within the paper. Similarly the virtual audience, as distinguishable from real audiences, of Mtukudzi' s address is taken cognisance of in order to, not only verify the addressivity already discussed, but also to assess how extensive the audience's influence is in determining the songs that the artist writes. Using songs from recordings from the last five years I look specifically at how he deals with themes about women, children, HIV/AIDS and politics in his music and how this is used to address and reflect the social realities of Zimbabwe. / Andrew Chakane 2019