The purpose of this study was to investigate the utilization of Postnatal Services at St. Joseph's Clinic. Sixty women of child- bearing age participated in the study. Convenience sampling was utilised. An integration of Qualitative and Quantitative approaches were used for collection and analysis of data. The results of the study showed that women had high knowledge about the sixth week PNC. Women's attitudes regarding attendance at the sixth week PNC were both positive and negative. The relationship between knowledge and attitude was significant (r = .2999, p = .044) The study concluded that, the attitudes of women towards attendance at the sixth week PNC were mostly negative. Four themes emerged from the study. Some of the recommendations of the study included a need for review of information given to mothers regarding its relevance and appropriateness; a need to foster more positive attitudes in women towards attendance at the sixth week PNC. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

This study examines the challenges of organisational transformation in emerging economies with special reference to Zimbabwe. It is an inductive study using grounded theory, rooted in case study methodology, based on Eisenhardt's (1989) eight steps of building theory from case study research. A longitudinal multiple case study design is used to capture transformation experiences of four companies (covering four business sectors) spanning from 1980 to 2000. Fourteen constructs from the within-case analysis form the basis of data collection and these are refined through cross-case analysis. Nine themes and sixteen challenges emerge from the study. The challenges and themes are used to identify points of convergence and divergence. Issues that trigger organisational transformation are spotted and best practices explored. Ultimately, the nine emerging themes are crystallized into seven. Both the emerging model - the Madzivire Transformation Model (MaTra) - and the elaborated model - the Madzivire Collaborative Transformation Model (MaCoTra) - are constructed from the seven themes. MaCoTra is a refinement of MaTra with the following differentiating features: * The metaphor of choruses signifies the centrality of collaboration from an African perspective; * MaCoTra reflects non-linear and linear linkages between choruses; * Choruses depict the significance of songs in African bonding; * A personal commitment to transformation calls for collective bonding around values, visions, missions and strategies; * MaCoTra is a remarkable departure from steps, phases and stages espoused in most Western change literature; * MaCoTra's philosophical base is Ubuntu - `I am because we are'- focusing on independence and interdependence; * Change interventions may be through individual or multiple MaCoTra choruses; * The organisational song connects all organisational members in a choir of transformation. MaCoTra addresses the sixteen challenges and exceedingly covers challenges cited in enfolding literature. MaCoTra was tested in and outside the study sample. I assert that MaCoTra is usable in Zimbabwean companies and may be generalized through replication studies in Africa and other emerging economies. Areas of further study towards the achievement of more generalisability of the theory/model are suggested. This study addresses the existing knowledge gap and prescribes the Madzivire Collaborative Transformation Model - MaCoTra - for companies in emerging economies. / Business Management / D.B.L.

This research study employs explorative and descriptive qualitative research conducted in a naturalistic environment to identify factors that drive children from their homes to the streets of Bulawayo city suburban in Zimbabwe. The research study answers the question: How do children`s experiences drive them from their homes and why do they decide to live on the streets of Bulawayo city centre? Literature search was conducted after data collection to confirm findings. Data collection was conducted at Thuthuka Street Children`s project where an increase in the number of registered street children has been observed. Purposive sample selection of street children was conducted. Selection criteria was based on the participant being registered with Thuthuka Street Children`s Project, for one year being on and off the streets and volunteer to participate. Ethical consideration such as fairness justice and honest were observed. Soundness to establish trustworthiness rather than validity, the following alternative constructs were applied, credibility, transferability, dependability, conformability and authenticity. Focus group discussions using a guide with open-ended questions were conducted to collect data from 12 street children, which was then analysed by coding into themes, notably forms of abuse such as emotional, physical, and sexual and neglect, poverty, deviant behaviour and future plans. Children went onto the streets because they suffered abuse, and/or wanted freedom without parental dominance and to acquire fast riches in the streets. Based on the conclusions, the research makes recommendations from the participants and the researcher to policymakers, non-governmental organisations, parents and social workers, to address this deep-seated problem. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Primary school teachers in Zimbabwe tend to face a number of challenges that need to be overcome if they are to handle learners with diverse needs effectively. The main problem has been failure by teachers to deal with gifted learners. The objective of this qualitative study focused on answering the key research question, ‘What are the teacher education initiatives undertaken by Teachers Colleges to prepare trainee teachers in handling gifted learners in primary schools in Zimbabwe?’ The problem is mainly attributed to preparation of teachers during pre-service training. Primary school education in Zimbabwe has tended to ignore gifted learners as compared to learners who experience academic barriers. It has been observed that records kept by trainee teachers on teaching practice reflect some serious planning considerations given to remedial cases in which gifted learners are completely ignored. This suggests that the trainee teachers are not deliberately ignoring gifted learners but have an inherent assumption that they do not need extra attention. The research was grounded in the constructivist paradigm to gain a full understanding of the social life-world of the initiatives by teacher education in the preparation of trainee teachers to handle gifted learners. A phenomenological design was employed to collect data through qualitative methods, namely semi-structured interviews, observation and focus group discussion. The respondents to these data collection methods were lecturers from two teachers colleges, qualified teachers and trainee teachers from two primary schools. The main finding was that gifted education was missing in the teacher preparation to enable trainee teachers to handle gifted learners. The researcher made some recommendations from the conclusions drawn from the research findings. The recommendations included that there is need for a national policy on gifted education to provide guidelines for teacher education programmes and that teacher training colleges should review their curriculum specifically in Theory of Education and Professional Studies to include gifted education. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

The main objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the strategies employed by the City of Harare in household solid waste management. To achieve these, structured questionnaires, interviews, observations and focus group discussions were employed in data gathering together with secondary data. The study was conducted in Harare’s low, medium and high density income suburbs. Findings revealed that organic solid waste constituted the largest proportion of waste generated in Harare and other forms are also generated yet their collection is very minimal. Residents resort to illegal night dumping, resulting in the proliferation of associated diseases. In light of these findings, it was recommended that waste collection entities be capacitated, people be educated on waste recycling, reduction and reusing. A commission was to be put in place to ensure proper enforcement of waste legislation, effective and sustainable day in running of household solid waste management in the city / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc. (Environmental Management)

Text in English / This qualitative descriptive phenomenological study explored the experiences of HIV positive women utilising PMTCT services at a central hospital in Zimbabwe. Data was collected using in-depth interviews of fifteen participants. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis framework for data analysis, two super-ordinate themes emerged, namely resources for provision of PMTCT services and approaches and nature of PMTCT care. The study revealed challenges experienced by HIV positive women emanating from material, financial and human resource related constraints in the PMTCT setting. The resource challenges negatively affected access and utilisation of PMTCT services. A practice model, whose purpose is to enhance the quality and utilisation of PMTCT services, was developed and described. The model was evaluated using Chin and Krammer (2011) criteria plus a modified form of the Delphi technique. These findings have implications for effective PMTCT service provision. The key lessons learnt for programmatic improvement were that in order to provide quality and accessible PMTCT services the health care system will need to be well resourced. There is need to strengthen the health care system in line with HIV related programmatic changes. / Health Studies / D. L.itt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Thesis (MTech (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. / The focus of this study is on the presentation patterns of invasive cancer of the cervix (CaCx) in Zimbabwe. The study was undertaken at a large referral cancer treatment centre in Harare the capital city of Zimbabwe. The main study question addressed was: Are there any changes in the presentation patterns of invasive CaCx in Zimbabwe? This was subdivided into three sub questions: 1) What are the presentation patterns of invasive CaCx among the Zimbabwean women presenting to the major referral centre in terms of histology, stage of the disease, ages of patients, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and socioeconomic status? 2) What is the trend in the presentation patterns of invasive CaCx in terms of the study variables during the period of study? 3) Are there any correlations that exist among the study variables? This study was conducted because of the sharp contrast that exists in invasive CaCx presentation patterns and incidence between the developed and developing countries. The incidence is now very low in developed countries while it is continuing to rise in developing countries resulting in death among women at a time when they are supposed to be more effective in their families and the nation at large. A retrospective documentary study of patients' files using an observation check list was done from 1998 to 2010. A systematic sample of four years was selected with 1998 as the base year (1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010). To strengthen the sample all the available patients' files for the selected years were considered. On average the majority of the patients (91.75%) presented with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 5.5% presented with adenocarcinoma and 2.75% with other types of histology. It was found that (89%) of women presented with late stage disease (stage liB and above). The ages of patients at presentation were between 40 to 60 years. Very few patients had recorded HIV status in 1998 and 2002 but a significant increase in proportion of patients with known HIV status was noted in 2006 (48%) and 2010 (73%). The average percentage for HIV positive patients for 2006 and 2010 was 57% and the average percentage for HIV negative patients was 43%. The majority (58.25%) of the patients were of low socioeconomic status. No significant change in trend was noted for variables except for HIV status where there was a downward trend in the percentage of HIV positive patients and an upward trend in the percentage of HIV negative patients. When correlation analysis was done among the variables no significant association was noted among the variables except that a low degree of association was recorded for the ages of patients and HIV status. The association indicated that young invasive CaCx patients are associated with HIV infection at presentation. The recommendations are that the government should mobilize resources towards prevention and control of invasive cancer of the cervix and awareness campaigns on early presentation should increase. Furthermore the cancer registry should expand its services to cover all health institutions nationwide. It is also recommended that further studies should be done on the presentation patterns of invasive CaCx and of HIV status. Longitudinal studies are recommended in order to monitor changes in presentation patterns.

M.A. (History) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / Introduction: The appointment of special interest councillors in terms of section 4A of the Urban Councils Act has encountered much opposition from residents in many urban areas.8 The appointment has also attracted public attention, especially through the media which has highlighted the plight of urban councils most of which have failed to contend with additional unelected personnel on their payrolls. There has also been a claim that the process of appointing special interest councillors may be or that it is being abused.9 What has further exacerbated this situation is the fact that there is no legal provision to check the powers of the Minister, leaving room for the anipulation of the powers to appoint.10 Since the enactment of section 4A of the Urban Councils Act (UCA) in April 2008, numerous elected councillors and mayors belonging to the MDC have been dismissed, or summarily suspended pending dismissal to justify the appointment of special interest councillors over and above elected councillors. At the same time the Minister seeks to discredit the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) councillors as incompetent to gain political mileage for the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF).11 The rampant dismissal and suspension of MDC-T (the MDC faction led by Mr Morgan Tsvangirai) councillors and mayors and dissolving urban councils has led to allegations that the Minister seeks to weaken MDC in urban local councils and to justify the existence of special interest councillors in urban councils. By highlighting and examining the implications of these appointments on urban governance and the general functioning of urban local councils, the researcher will be able to assess the practice of appointing special interest councillors against internationally accepted norms. / South Africa

Magister Artium - MA / The study through the topic: An investigation of Zimbabwe's contemporary heritage practices of memorializing war: A case study of the Heroes' Acres in Matabeleland South Province focuses on post liberation war memorialisation and management in the post-colonial state of Zimbabwe. It analyses the emergence and management of war memorials and shrines in the form of heroes' acres, in the province of Matabeleland South in Zimbabwe from 1988 to 2010. Zimbabwe attained independence in 1980 after a long protracted war waged by two guerrilla movements against the unilaterally declared independent state of Rhodesia led by Ian Smith. Post-1980, ZANU (PF) became the dominant political party in the new state now renamed Zimbabwe. A national memorialisation structure was established soon after independence; charged with ensuring a befitting memorialisation of the war of liberation. Post-independence political contradictions between the parties notwithstanding, the results of the 1980 election showed an ethnicized landscape, a trajectory that has been at the centre of the national political discourse. Political disturbances in the Matabeleland and Midlands provinces became one of the most important and interesting historical issues that unsettled the nation in respect of memorialisation. Against this background, this research proposes to assess how political actors contributed to the issue of memorializing a war in post-1980 Zimbabwe. Using the central question which arose from a critique of Zimbabwe's memorialisation structure as a graded one, in which the local site subordinates the national, the research aims to examine whether the shifts in the political and management spheres of the heroes acres as represented by the inclusive government currently governing the country and the transferring of management duties of heroes acres to the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, has managed to challenge the claim made above. By embarking on this work, the research aims to examine whether the local memorial sites actually act as mere subordinates in a deliberate graded structure to the national shrine represented by the National Heroes' Acre in Harare, within the politics of memorialisation.