A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of African Languages at the University Of Zululand, 2017 / The research is basically looking at respect and culture as building blocks of the Zulu nation. The main focus is on the impact of the historical and contemporary socio-cultural practices. Chapter one is the introduction of the research topic where the following sub-topics form part of the research proposal: background to the study, the problem statement, the purpose of the study, delimitation of the study, the study methodology, beneficiaries of the study, division of the chapters and the conclusion. Chapter two deals with formations and transformations in nation building by looking at beliefs, indigenous knowledge systems, mythology, culture and history. Chapter three is based on Whites supremacism and its influence on social , political, historical and industrial patterns. Whites came with systems aimed at controlling the psychological reactions of Africans and conditioning them to think of their culture as inferior and inadequate to deal with challenges that face them. Chapter four is looking at home as the point of departure for all socio-cultural activities. Family is home based and a key for social unit. Home is viewed as the source of primary education where respect is learned. Chapter five is based on the promotion, consolidation, development and valuing of cultural heritage, norms and values by utilization of available resources in order to restore culture of respect. Chapter six deals with the challenges facing the culture of respect which derive from misinterpretation of human rights acts, high level of crime, the abuse of drugs and alcohol, imperial ideologies, urbanization, western culture and civilization. Chapter seven covers the findings of research, recommendations of the research and the conclusion of the research.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History, Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2018. / The aim of the study is to address the inappropriate application of European concepts onto distinctly African societies. The purpose of this dissertation is twofold. Firstly, to clearly establish that the concepts of Zulu tribe and Zulu nation are not only different but also represent different epochs in the history of the Zulu people. The notions Zulu tribe and Zulu nation have interchangeably been used to refer to the same group of people. Secondly, to discuss how the concepts were used to manipulate the populace of Zulu extraction to gain advantage in the national politics of South Africa. As Europeans expanded their trade, settlement and military domination around the world. They began trying to figure out the different forms of society and culture they encountered, including writing their history. For many people in Western countries, the subject of Africa immediately called up the word ‘tribe’. The Zulu in Southeast Africa did not escape the calling. The notions Zulu tribe and Zulu nations have interchangeably been used to refer to the same group of people - the ‘Zulu’. This study delves deep into the notions and analyse how they have been used differently. The study clearly establishes that the notions Zulu tribe and Zulu nation are not only different but also represent different epochs in the history of the Zulu people. It argues that King Shaka kaSenzangakhona used his spear to embroider together a diverse collection of tribes and clans into one might cultural quilt. The study discloses that beside its colonial imposition, the term tribe does not describe the Zulu people. The term Zulu nation appropriately describes the existing Zulu nation. It argues that when Shaka united his energy in 1816 to 1828, the resultant amalgamation of the few tribes constituted the current Zulu nation. Relying on a qualitative methodology, the study uses the principle of saturation to interview participants; it also relies on archival records in addition to current literature on the phenomenon. The study argues that the notions Zulu tribe and Zulu nation were used by different people for different purposes and effects. Findings have shown that the Zulu history was also used by colonists, missionaries, the leaders of the African petty bourgeoisie, the Zulu royal family and individual novelists to serve their own ends. Such people have had their own reasons to manipulate the concepts for their advantage. The study discusses that King Shaka became a potent symbol around which potential Zulu ethnic support was mobilized. After him many colonists, missionaries, leaders of the African petty bourgeoisie, the Zulu royal family members and individual novelists have manipulated the Zulu nation to serve their personal ends. South Africa turned to be a country in which the manipulation of ethnicity was at the heart of the government’s attempts to set up control over the majority of the African population. The study concludes with a clarion call that people should stop using ethnic support for their political aggrandizement. The politicization of ethnic differences can have deep effects on whether members of different groups perceive each other as friends or foes. This does not bring about unity, but it in all cases causes division within people. This has resultant violence in KwaZulu-Natal today. / National Research Foundation