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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de extratos de plantas medicinais: Significância sanitária em região de tríplice fronteira / Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of extracts of medicinal plants: Sanitary significance in the region of triple border

Ferreira, Helder 11 February 2019 (has links)
Nesta tese, objetivou-se avaliar a ação antibacteriana in vitro dos extratos das plantas medicinais mais utilizadas no município de Foz do Iguaçu e região,sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Staphylococcus aureus. As plantas mais utilizadas no município de Foz do Iguaçu e região, que são: Mikania glomerata (Guaco), Mentha piperita (Hortelã), Maytenus officinalis (Espinheira-santa) e Aloe vera (Babosa) foram preparadas como fitoterápicos e cedidas pelo Horto de plantas medicinais da hidroelétrica Itaipu Binacional. Para esta avaliação foram preparados extratos hidroalcóolico a 70% por percolação e extratos aquosos por infusão destas plantas. Os extratos hidroalcóolicos foram levados a rota-evaporação e os aquosos ao liofilizador. Também foi extraído o óleo essencial da hortelã pimenta empregando o método de destilação por arraste a vapor d\'água em aparelho de Clevenger seguido da cromatografia por camada delgada. A atividade antibacteriana dos extratos foi testada sobre as linhagens padrão de Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC (27853), Staphylococcus aureusATCC (25923) e Klebsiella pneumoniaeATCC (13883). A determinação das concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIM)e das concentrações bactericidas mínimas (CBM)dos extratos vegetais sobre as linhagens bacterianas foram determinadas pelo método de microdiluição em microplaca segundo a metodologia preconizada pelo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Entre os extratos hidroalcoólicos e aquosos das plantas testados, somente o extrato hidroalcoólico de Guaco (Mikania glomerata) apresentou atividade antibacteriana positiva sobre Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, na concentração de 200 µg. Também foi observada atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial da Hortelã pimenta (Mentha piperita) sobre Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, com CIM de 1000 µg/mL, Klebsiella pneumoniaeATCC 13883 com CIM de 2000 µg/mL e CBM > 2000 µg/mL e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 com CIM e CBM de 2000 µg/mL.Os fitoterápicos mais prescritos nas unidades básicas de saúde do município de Foz do Iguaçu são o Guaco e a Espinheira Santa. Considerando os resultados dos esperimentos que apontam a atividade antibacteriana dos extratos das plantas medicinais mais utilizadas em Foz do Iguaçu e região, pode-se indicar que os estratos de Guaco, Hortelã-pimenta, Espinheira Santa e Babosa, bem como óleo essencial de hortelã-pimeta prometem uma altermativa possível no tratamento de doenças infecciosas / In this thesis, the objective was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial action of extracts of medicinal plants most used in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu and region, on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The most used plants in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu and region, which are: Mikania glomerata (Guaco), Mentha piperita (Hortelã pimenta), Maytenus officinalis (Espinheira-santa) and Aloe vera (Babosa) were prepared as phytotherapics and yielded by Horto de plants of the Itaipu Binacional hydroelectric plant. For this evaluation 70% hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared by percolation and aqueous extracts by infusion of these plants. The hydroalcoholic extracts were rotoevaporated and the aqueous extracts were added to the lyophilizer. The peppermint essential oil was also extracted using the water vapor distillation method in a Clevenger apparatus followed by thin layer chromatography. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested on the standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC (27853), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (25923) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC (13883). The determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (CBM) of the plant extracts on the bacterial strains were determined by the microplate microdilution method according to the methodology recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Among the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of the plants tested, only the hydroalcoholic extract of Guaco (Mikania glomerata) showed positive antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, in the concentrations of 400 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg and 200 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostatic activity. Antimicrobial activity of peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with MIC of 1000 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg / mL, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 with MIC of 2000 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg / mL and CBM >= 2000 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg / mL and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 with MIC and CBM of 2000 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg / ml. The most prescribed herbal medicines in the basic health units of the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu are Guaco and Espinheira Santa. Considering the results of the experiments that point out the antibacterial and bacteriostatic activity of the most used medicinal plants in Foz do Iguaçu, it is possible to indicate that the extracts of Guaco, Peppermint, Espinheira Santa and Babosa as well as peppermint essential oil can serve as an alternative in the treatment of infectious diseases

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