published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / abstract / China Development Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / Earth Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Transport Policy and Planning / Master / Master of Arts in Transport Policy and Planning

published_or_final_version / Geography and Geology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

The Wax Lake Delta (WLD) is a sandy, modern river delta prograding rapidly into Atchafalaya Bay. This dissertation uses field data to improve the understanding of channel kinematics that dictate river delta geometry and stratigraphy, while providing a framework for coastal restoration efforts. The studies presented here show that the distributary channel network of the WLD is erosional. In the first study, analyses of the feeder channel to the WLD and the channel network within the sub-aerially emergent delta show that the channel bed has incised into the consolidated muds that act as bedrock. The large (>62%) fraction of bedrock exposure found in multi-beam surveys is related to the under-saturation of suspended sand measured during the flood of 2009. The second study concerns the delta front beyond the emergent delta Distributary channels extend 2 – 6 km into the delta front. Four bathymetric surveys of one bifurcating distributary channel – Gadwall Pass – show that the majority of bed aggradation occurs during floods, but the majority of channel extension of each bifurcate channel occurs during low river discharge. In the third study, field measurements of fluid flow during a tidal cycle indicate that tidal augmentation of during periods of low river discharge is responsible for channel extension during low river discharges. Flow direction measured from streaklines present in aerial photomosaics is combined with bathymetric evolution data to quantify spatial velocity changes on the delta front. These data show that flow spreading is insufficient to prevent acceleration at channel margins, providing an explanation for observed erosion. Flow divergence is limited on the delta front by the proximity of neighboring channels, even though they are separated by 10-30 channel widths. The associated convergence of flow in inter-distributary bays occurs along “drainage troughs”. These channel-forms collect flow that has been dispensed from distributary channel network. Finally, ambient currents in Atchafalaya Bay (0.06 – 0.2 m/s) caused by tides and the proximity to the neighboring Atchafalaya Delta appear to alter flow patterns on the delta foreset, and are responsible for channel curvature on the delta front. / text

An important process of economic reform in China has been to promote the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI). After more than thirty years of economic reform, China has become one of the most important destinations for cross-border direct investment. Since Taiwan has become one of the major source countries of FDI in China, Taiwanese investment has experienced changes in spatial patterns and industrial composition since the 1990s. As a result of active government promotion through various policy measures, FDI in China has grown rapidly since 1978, especially in the 1990s. Taiwanese authorities released the investment strategy, “Be patient, No hurry”in 2001, and since then China has become the biggest target of Taiwanese investment outside of Taiwan; money from Taiwan forms a significant portion of foreign capital in China. Due to coastal and other geographical advantages of the three major economic regions possessing good investment environments (that is, the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Bohai Bay economic region), the landscape of Taiwanese direct investment (TDI) in recent years has been moving Northward and Westward significantly. Initially, the Taiwanese investment in labor-intensive industries mainly concentrated in southern China, including Guangdong and Fujian, because of the cheap labor and geographic proximity. Since the mid-1990s, the industries of Yangtze Rive Delta region has become a new investment hotspot for Taiwanese enterprises while their industrial nature is changing to be more technology-intensive and domestic market-oriented.

A cana-de-açúcar tem significativa importância nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo. O Brasil tem importância mundial como maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar, etanol e açúcar, no entanto, a produtividade da cultura ainda é baixa em muitas regiões do país, principalmente devido à deficiência hídrica e de nitrogênio. Estimar as perdas de produtividade causada por estresse hídrico e de N com métodos de experimentação convencionais nem sempre apresentam resultados satisfatórios. Este trabalho teve como objetivos quantificar em cana-de-açúcar fertirrigada com doses crescentes de N-fertilizante e duas disponibilidades hídricas contrastantes, os estresses a N (deficiência ou excesso) e o déficit hídrico por meio do fracionamento isotópico de carbono (\'delta\'13C) e da produtividade de cana-de-açúcar, assim como, correlacionar o \'delta\'13C com o acúmulo de massa seca de colmos nos tratamentos com e sem aplicação de N e em duas disponibilidades de água no solo (regime irrigado e de sequeiro); quantificar acúmulo de matéria seca em três compartimentos da planta (folha seca, ponteiro e colmo), correlacionando os resultados obtidos com avaliações fisiológicas como índice SPAD, IAF e biométricas como altura, diâmetro, perfilhos ao longo do ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura. O estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Jaú, no Estado de São Paulo, nas coordenadas geográficas de: 22°17\'S 48°34\'O, em Latossolo Vermelho. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. O cultivar de cana-de-açúcar foi o SP80-3280. Utilizou-se quatro doses de N, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1, aplicadas por fertirrigação subsuperficial e mais um tratamento controle sem N, para estimar acúmulo de fitomassa e de N na parte aérea de cana-de-açúcar. Para quantificar as perdas de produtividade causadas por deficiência hídrica e de N foram usados os tratamentos: T1-sequeiro não fertilizado com N; T2-irrigado não fertilizado com N; T3-sequeiro e fertilizado com N; e T4-irrigado e fertilizado com N. Foi verificada resposta linear das variáveis fisiológicas, morfológicas e da produção de biomassa da cultura em função das doses de N. O teor de N e índice Spad da folha +1 ajustaram-se ao modelo linear decrescente. A elevação da dose de N de 100 para 200 kg ha-1 N aumentou o acúmulo de matéria seca da parte aérea em 20 Mg ha-1, e de N em 95 kg ha-1, incrementos também observados nas taxas de produção matéria seca e taxas de acúmulo de N. O \'delta\'13C (\'por mil\') apresentou correlação negativa com a produtividade de colmos (R2= 0,69, p<0,05) e a MSPA (R2= 0,69, p<0,05) nas diferentes doses de N aplicadas. Verificou-se aumento linear na produtividade de colmos e de açúcar com um incremento respectivamente de 60 e 8 Mg ha-1 em função das doses de N aplicadas junto à irrigação. Os maiores valores de fracionamento dos isótopos de carbono (\'delta\'13C) foram obtidos para o tratamento com deficiência de N e elevado déficit hídrico (T1), enquanto que para o tratamento T4 (adubação com N e baixo déficit hídrico) foram verificados valores de \'delta\'13C inferiores. A medida do fracionamento isotópico de carbono mostrou-se eficiente na avaliação de estresse da cana-de-açúcar, podendo ser utilizado como um indicador de déficit hídrico e deficiência de N nessa cultura / The sugarcane crop has an important contribution in sub tropical and tropical regions around the world, which Brazil the major producer of sugarcane crop, sugar and ethanol. However, the sugarcane yield is still very low in many regions of this country, mainly due to water stress and nitrogen supply. Understand the loss sugarcane production related with water and nitrogen stress using experimental classical methodology not always has obtained conclusive results. This work has evaluated the impact of water and nitrogen (N) stress by discrimination of 13C (\'delta\'13C) and sugarcane production in a ratoon over fertirrigation system, where 2 water supply and 5 N level were applied. The results of isotopic technique (\'delta\'13C) were correlated with a several parameters like sugarcane production, biomass accumulation (tops, stalks and dry leaves), and, others physiologic parameters (SPAD index, foliar area, diameter, tillering and height) evaluated throughout crop cycle. The research was performed in Jaú county, São Paulo State, Brazil (22°17\'S 48°34\'O), over Rhodic Eutrudox condition. The randomized block design was used with 4 replication per treatment. The sugarcane cultivar SP80-3280 was submitted a 5 N rates (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1 N) which were applied by fertirrigation system. Further, 4 treatments were used to estimate the N and water stress, such as: T1- without water irrigation and N application; T2 - water irrigation without N supply; T3 - without water irrigation but with N application; T4 - with water irrigation and N fertilization. The results showed linear increase in physiologic, morphologic parameters and biomass production related N rates applied. The N content and SPAD index of leaf +1 correlated a linear decreasing model. The elevation of dose of 100 to 200 kg N ha-1 no increased dry matter accumulation of aboveground in 20 Mg ha-1, and N in 95 kg ha-1, increments also observed in dry matter production rates and rates of accumulation of N. The data of 13C (\'delta\'13C) had a negative correlation between sugarcane production (R2= 0.69, p<0.05) and biomass (R2= 0.69, p<0.05) and N rates. Verified an increase linear in productivity of stalks and sugar with an increment respectively of 60 and 8 Mg ha-1 as a function of applied doses of N along the irrigation. The higher value of 13C (\'delta\'13C) were observed when took place N and water stress (T1), whilst the treatment with N application and water irrigation (T4) showed the lowest value of 13C discrimination (\'delta\'13C). The 13C discrimination (\'delta\'13C) was efficient to evaluate stress in sugarcane crop, can be used as an indicator of water deficit and deficiency of N to in this culture