Orientador: Luiz Claudio Di Stasi / Resumo: A Doença Inflamatória Intestinal (DII) é uma doença inflamatória crônica e idiopática do intestino que inclui duas doenças distintas: a Doença de Crohn e a Retocolite Ulcerativa. Os pacientes acometidos pela DII podem sofrer de dor abdominal, diarreia e de outros sintomas socialmente inaceitáveis que comprometem sua qualidade de vida. Embora exista uma grande quantidade de fármacos destinados ao tratamento da DII, fatores como o alto custo de aquisição, os efeitos colaterais e o fato de uma parte dos pacientes não responderem inicialmente ao tratamento, têm despertado o interesse de pesquisadores na busca de novas abordagens de tratamento para a doença. Uma das alternativas é a utilização de produtos naturais com propriedades antioxidante e/ou imunomoduladora, assim como de produtos que possam modular a microbiota intestinal, prevenindo recidivas ou complementando o tratamento de pacientes acometidos pela DII. Com base nisso, estudos realizados por nosso grupo de pesquisa com a farinha de banana nanica verde (Musa sp AAA) demonstraram que a espécie apresentou um efeito anti-inflamatório intestinal. Considerando a similaridade química, a espécie Musa sp AAB (banana prata) foi selecionada para a realização do presente estudo. As bananas são ricas em fibras, amido resistente e fenóis, além de apresentarem alto valor nutricional por serem excelentes fontes de potássio, cálcio, fósforo e vitaminas A, B e C. De forma geral, as bananas apresentam atividades antidiarreica, antiulcero... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and idiopathic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract that comprises two major disorders: Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Patients affected by IBD may suffer abdominal pain, diarrhea and other socially unacceptable symptoms that compromise their quality of life. Although there are a large number of drugs for the treatment of IBD, factors such as the high cost of acquisition, side effects and the fact that many patients do not respond initially to the available treatment, have aroused the interest of researchers to evaluate new therapeutic approaches to disease. One of these alternatives is the use of natural products with antioxidant and/or immunomodulatory properties, as well as products which can modulate the intestinal microbiota, preventing relapses or complementing patient treatments. Based on this, our research group conducted studies with green dwarf banana flour (Musa sp AAA) and demonstrated its intestinal anti-inflammatory effect. Bananas are rich in fiber, resistant starch and phenols, and have high nutritional value as they are excellent sources of potassium, calcium, phosphorus and vitamins A, B and C. Generally, bananas present antidiarrheal, antiulcerogenic, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, antihypertensive and diuretic activities. Indeed, Musa sp AAA variety increased the production of SCFAs probably because they produce prebiotic effects due to the presence of fibers and resistant starch in i... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-01-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 damattojunior_er_me_botfca.pdf: 1795400 bytes, checksum: cf73662a3ab8c8f5b421d081462af8f8 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Com o intuito de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de composto orgânico no crescimento, desenvolvimento, produção e qualidade de frutos da bananeira 'Prata-anã' (Musa AAB) e nas características químicas do solo, foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho nas dependências da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas / UNESP / Botucatu - SP. O composto orgânico foi produzido com serragem de madeira (rica em carbono) e esterco de bovino (rico em nitrogênio). O plantio foi realizado no mês de novembro de 2002, com mudas convencionais, adotando-se o espaçamento de 2,5m entre linhas e 2,5m entre plantas. Os tratamentos empregados foram constituídos de diferentes doses de composto orgânico: T1 = 0 g de K2O/planta (dose zero do composto - Testemunha); T2 = 98,5 g de K2O/planta (43 kg de composto/planta); T3 = 197,0 g de K2O/planta (86 kg de composto/planta); T4 = 290,5 g de K2O/planta (129 kg de composto/planta ); T5 = 394,0 g de K2O/planta (172 kg de composto/planta), sendo as doses de composto calculadas de acordo com o teor de potássio presente no mesmo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, com 5 tratamentos, 5 repetições e 2 plantas por parcela. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e à análise de regressão. Os efeitos da adubação orgânica no solo foram avaliados por meio de análises químicas. Os efeitos dos tratamentos no desenvolvimento e produtividade das plantas foram avaliados através dos teores de nutrientes presentes nas folhas, diâmetro médio do pseudocaule, altura média de inserção da inflorescência, número médio de folhas por planta, massa média do cacho e número médio de frutos por planta. A qualidade dos frutos foi avaliada através de análises de textura... / Aiming to evaluate the effects of different organic compost rates in banana plants 'Prata-anã' (Musa AAB) growth, development, production and fruit quality, as well as the effects from this organic matter in the chemical soil characteristics, this present work was carried at Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas / UNESP /Botucatu - SP dependences. The organic compost was produced using wood residue (rich in carbon) and bovine manure (rich in nitrogen). Plants were placed in November 2002, with conventional material, employing 2,5 x 2,5 meters spacing between plants. The employed treatments were constituted by different organic compost rates: T1 = 0 g of K2O/plant (zero of compost); T2 = 98,5 g of K2O/plant (43 kg of compost/plant); T3 = 197,0 g of K2O/plant (86 kg of compost/plant); T4 = 290,5 g of K2O/plant (129 kg of compost/plant ); T5 = 394,0 g of K2O/plant (172 kg of compost/plant), and the compost rates were calculated based on the quantity of potassium contained in the compost. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks design, with 5 treatments, 5 replications and 2 plants per plot. The obtained data were submitted to variance analyses and to regression analyses. The effects of organic fertilization in the soil were evaluated by chemical soil analyses. Treatment efficiency in plant development and production were evaluated by the quantity of nutrients present in the leaves, pseudostem diameter, plant height, number of leaves per plant, bunch weight and number of fruits in the bunch. Fruit quality was evaluated by the analyses: firmness, pH, acidity, total soluble solids, starch and sugar. Organic compost rates didn't provide plants growth...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Die Präeklampsie ist eine schwangerschaftsspezifische Bluthochdruck-Erkrankung, die im Allgemeinen nach der 20. Schwangerschaftswoche auftritt. Neben der Hypertonie sind die Proteinurie und die Ödembildung charakteristische Symptome der Präeklampsie. Obwohl heute die Pathophysiologie der Präeklampsie zum großen Teil verstanden ist, ist die Ätiologie dieser Erkrankung noch unklar. 1999 konnten wir in den Seren von Präeklampsie-Patientinnen agonistische Autoantikörper, die gegen den Angiotensin II AT1-Rezeptor gerichtet sind (AT1-AAK), nachweisen. Diese AT1-AAK gehören zur Antikörpersubklasse IgG3.<br /> Die AT1-AAK führen in Kulturen neonataler Rattenkardiomyozyten AT1-Rezeptor spezifisch zu einem positiv chronotropen Effekt. Mittels Immunpräzipitation wurde gezeigt, dass AT1-AAK spezifisch den AT1-Rezeptor präzipitieren. Kontrollproben, aus denen die AT1-AAK entfernt wurden, führen zu keiner Präzipitation des AT1-Rezeptors. Die Präzipitation des AT1-Rezeptors bleibt ebenfalls aus, wenn die AT1-AAK mit einem Peptid, welches der Aminosäuresequenz des zweiten extrazellulären Loops des humanen AT1-Rezeptors entspricht, behandelt wurden. Eine Langzeitbehandlung der Kulturen neonataler Rattenherzzellen mit AT1-AAK vermindert die funktionelle Ansprechbarkeit der Zellen auf einen erneuten AT1-Rezeptor-Stimulus.<br /> Eine veränderte AT1-Rezeptorexpression wurde nicht nachgewiesen. In guter Übereinstimmung mit den in vitro-Expressionsdaten wurde gezeigt, dass die plazentare AT1-Rezeptorexpression bei Präeklampsie-Patientinnen nicht verschieden von der plazentaren AT1-Rezeptorexpression gesunder Schwangerer mit nicht pathogen verändertem Blutdruck ist. Im Zellsystem der neonatalen Rattenherzzellen führen die AT1-AAK zur Aktivierung von Gi-Proteinen und zu verringerten intrazellulären cAMP-Spiegeln.<br /> Des Weiteren wurde gezeigt, dass die AT1-AAK in Kulturen neonataler Rattenherzzellen die Transkriptionsfaktoren AP-1 und NFkB aktivieren. Die Aktivierung des Transkriptionsfaktors NFkB wurde vornehmlich in den Nicht-Myozyten der Rattenherzzellkultur nachgewiesen. Generell wurde festgestellt, dass sich die AT1-AAK pharmakologisch wie der natürliche Agonist des AT1-Rezeptors, Angiotensin II, verhalten.<br /> Erste Daten dieser Arbeit deuten auf einen eventuellen Einfluss der AT1-AAK auf die Expression von Komponenten der extrazellulären Matrix bzw. assoziierter Faktoren (Kollagen III, MMP-2, TIMP-2, Colligin) hin. In allen in dieser Arbeit untersuchten Seren von klinisch diagnostizierten Präeklampsie-Patientinnen wurden agonistische AT1-AAK nachgewiesen. Wir vermuten daher, dass die AT1-AAK möglicherweise bedeutend in der Pathogenese der Präeklampsie sind. / Preeclampsia is a serious, pregnancy-specific disorder that usually occurs after week 20 of gestation and is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and oedema. While the pathophysiology is clear, little is known about etiology of preeclampsia.<br /> In 1999, we showed that sera from preeclamptic patients contain autoantibodies directed against angiotensin II AT1 receptor (AT1-AAB). These autoantibodies are immunoglobuliens of the IgG3 subclass.<br /> AT1-AAB accelerate the beating rate of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The agonistic effect can be blocked with the AT1 receptor blocker losartan.<br /> Co-immunoprecipitation studies have shown that AT1-AAB specifically precipitate the AT1 receptor while control samples lacking AT1-AAB do not. The AT1 receptor could not be precipitated following neutralization of the AT1-AAB by a peptide corresponding to the AT1 receptors second extracellular loop. In further studies on neonatal rat heart cells, we showed long-term stimulation of the AT1 receptor whereby AT1-AAB down-regulated the AT1 receptor-mediated response to a second agonistic receptor-stimulation.<br /> After long-term stimulation of neonatal rat heart cells, no changes in AT1 receptor expression could be identified. Corresponding to these in vitro-expression data, no difference was seen in placental AT1 receptor expression between patients with preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women. Next, we tested if the AT1-AAB lead to activation of AT1 receptor signaling in angiotensin II fashion. In neonatal rat heart cell cultures, AT1-AAB lead to activation of Gi-protein with reduced cAMP levels. AT1-AAB are able to activate the transcription factors AP-1 and NFkB in this cell system. In all observations, the agonistic AT1-AAB behave pharmacologically in a similar fashion to angiotensin II.<br /> Initial data suggest that AT1-AAB may have an effect on extracellular matrix components (ECM).<br /> We have found AT1-AAB in all women meeting the clinical criteria of preeclampsia and, therefore, suggest that AT1-AAB may be important to the pathogenesis of the disease.