Objectives: To investigate differences between hip abductor muscle strength, hip and knee adduction moments and knee joint alignment in people with moderate/severe and mild medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA), and people without OA, and identify variables explaining variance in knee adduction moment in participants with OA. Background: It has been suggested that weakness of hip abductor muscles may lead to displacement of the centre of mass of body away from the stance limb during gait, resulting in increased knee adduction moment, a predictor of disease progression. Methods: Participants with medial compartment knee OA were divided into moderate/severe (n=23) and mild OA groups (n=15) based on radiographic grading. Control subjects were recruited to match participants in the moderate/severe group for age and gender (n=23). Hip abductor and adductor muscle isometric strength was measured using the Biodex dynamometer. Gait speed and hip and knee peak adduction moments and percentage of the stance phase where these occurred were obtained using a three dimensional motion analysis system and two force platforms. Knee alignment and severity of OA were measured from radiographs. Statistics: Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine group differences. Stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to identify the variables which contribute to variation in knee adduction moment. Results: Moderate/severe OA group participants had higher body mass index (BMI) than the mild OA and control group (p=0.01) and greater varus alignment compared to the control group (p<0.01). There was no difference between the mean hip abductor and adductor muscle strength and hip and knee adduction moments among the three groups. Peak hip (p=0.02) and knee adduction moments (p<0.05) occurred later in stance phase of gait in the moderate/severe OA group as compared to control group. Knee joint alignment (26%), hip abductor muscle isometric strength (20%), gait speed (16%) and hip adduction moment (11%) explained 73% of variance in the knee adduction moment in the participants with OA. Conclusion: Findings from this study do not support the theory that weakness of the hip abductor muscles contributes to higher knee adduction moments. / Thesis (Master, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2008-03-03 21:47:07.309

This thesis focused on the proximal factors associated with PFP, particularly, on hip muscle function. The overall purpose of this thesis was to elaborate a test, reliable and valid, for evaluating hip muscle function in females with PFP and that could be easily be used in the clinic. To reach this purpose, three sections have been considered:• Section 1 presented the results of a systematic review with meta-analysis entitled “Strength and endurance in females with patellofemoral pain”. This systematic review provided strong evidence that females with PFP have significant isometric strength deficit in hip abduction, extension, and external rotation when compared with healthy controls. Moderate evidence was obtained concerning isometric strength deficit in flexion. There was no evidence that females with PFP have strength deficits in adduction and internal rotation. Moderate evidence was found for isokinetic deficit in abduction and conflicting evidence for a deficit in rotation and extension. When compared with the uninjured limb, moderate evidence was found for a strength deficit in abduction, conflicting evidence for deficiencies in extension and external rotation strength and no evidence for internal rotation, adduction and flexion strength deficiencies. Finally, conflicting evidence was found for a decrease in hip muscular endurance.• Section 2 elaborated two clinical tests for the assessment of hip abductor endurance. After a preliminary phase, the hip abductor isometric endurance test was selected. The test-retest reliability and the validity were determined in healthy females and we concluded that the test could be recommended for clinicians.• Section 3 determined the applicability of the hip abductor isometric endurance test in females with PFP. We assessed the test-retest reliability of the hip abductor isometric endurance test in females with PFP and we compared holding time during the test between females with and without PFP. In this chapter, we chose also to use two others clinical tests, evaluating trunk extensor and ankle plantar flexor endurance, to compare females with and without PFP. We reported that females with PFP exhibited significantly lower hip abductor, trunk extensor and ankle plantar flexor endurance than healthy controls and we concluded that the hip abductor isometric endurance test could be recommended for the examination of patients with PFP. / Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第23829号 / 人健博第100号 / 新制||人健||7(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 黒木 裕士, 教授 山田 重人, 教授 森田 智視 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

A força dos músculos Abdutor curto do polegar (ACP) e Abdutor do quinto dedo (AQD) serve como parâmetro para a avaliação da função dos nervos mediano e ulnar, respectivamente. Um aparelho foi desenvolvido para realizar a medida da força daqueles músculos em mãos de diferentes tamanhos, com a mesma eficiência. Este aparelho foi construído inteiramente com materiais de fácil obtenção e baixo custo, incluindo o aço, o latão, o alumínio e o duralumínio, e consiste de uma base dotada de uma coluna rígida para a fixação de um transdutor de força do tipo resistivo (célula de carga) e de um apoio para a mão para mantê-la firme durante os testes. Acessórios foram construídos segundo medidas antropométricas previamente obtidas nos polegares e quintos dedos voluntários, de modo que pudessem ser acoplados à célula de carga e permitir a avaliação de mãos direitas e esquerdas de diferentes tamanhos. A célula de carga foi calibrada. Quando pronto, o protótipo final foi utilizado para medir a força dos músculos ACP e AQD de 42 voluntários, sendo 20 mulheres e 22 homens, cujo critério de inclusão era a total ausência de qualquer patologia nos membros superiores. Dois pontos de aplicação da carga foram selecionados, sendo um proximal, no nível da falange proximal, e outro distal, no nível da falange distal. Três medidas eram tomadas para cada ponto de aplicação da carga, para cada um dos músculos, e uma média foi obtida para uso na análise estatística dos resultados, que mostraram que a força de ambos os músculos era consistentemente maior nos homens e na mão direita. Quanto aos dois pontos de aplicação da carga, a força foi sempre maior no ponto proximal, tanto para o polegar, como para o quinto dedo. A avaliação geral do desempenho do aparelho mostrou que ele é versátil, fornecendo informações confiáveis para as mãos direitas e esquerdas de todos os tamanhos. / The strength of the Abductor pollicis brevis and Abductor digiti quinti muscles may serve as a parameter to the evaluation of the median and ulnar nerve function, respectively. A device was developed especially for carrying out measurements of the strength of those muscles in hands of different sizes with the same efficiency. The device was built entirely with easily obtained low cost materials, including steel, solid brass, aluminium and duralumin, and consists of a metal base provided with a rigid colunm for fixation of a resistive type strength transducer (load cell) and a hand stand to keep the hand still while in test. Accessories were built according to a previous anthropometric measurement of both thumb and fifth fingers of volunteers, so as to be coupled onto the load cell and allow for the evaluation of the strength of different size hands. The load cell was calibrated. Once ready, the final prototype was used to measure the strength of the APB and AbDQ muscles in 42 volunteers, being 20 women and 22 men, whose inclusion criterion was the total absence of any pathology in the upper limbs. Two points of load application were selected, being one proximal, at the level of the proximal phalanx, and another one distal, at the level of the distal phalanx. Three measurements were taken for each point of load application for both muscles, an average value being obtained for use in the statistical analysis of the results, which showed that the strength was consistantly greater in men and in the right hand. As refers to the different points of load application, the strength was always greater at the proximal point, both for the thumb and the fifth finger. The overall evaluation of performance of the prototype showed that it is versatile, supplying reliable information for all size hands.

A força dos músculos Abdutor curto do polegar (ACP) e Abdutor do quinto dedo (AQD) serve como parâmetro para a avaliação da função dos nervos mediano e ulnar, respectivamente. Um aparelho foi desenvolvido para realizar a medida da força daqueles músculos em mãos de diferentes tamanhos, com a mesma eficiência. Este aparelho foi construído inteiramente com materiais de fácil obtenção e baixo custo, incluindo o aço, o latão, o alumínio e o duralumínio, e consiste de uma base dotada de uma coluna rígida para a fixação de um transdutor de força do tipo resistivo (célula de carga) e de um apoio para a mão para mantê-la firme durante os testes. Acessórios foram construídos segundo medidas antropométricas previamente obtidas nos polegares e quintos dedos voluntários, de modo que pudessem ser acoplados à célula de carga e permitir a avaliação de mãos direitas e esquerdas de diferentes tamanhos. A célula de carga foi calibrada. Quando pronto, o protótipo final foi utilizado para medir a força dos músculos ACP e AQD de 42 voluntários, sendo 20 mulheres e 22 homens, cujo critério de inclusão era a total ausência de qualquer patologia nos membros superiores. Dois pontos de aplicação da carga foram selecionados, sendo um proximal, no nível da falange proximal, e outro distal, no nível da falange distal. Três medidas eram tomadas para cada ponto de aplicação da carga, para cada um dos músculos, e uma média foi obtida para uso na análise estatística dos resultados, que mostraram que a força de ambos os músculos era consistentemente maior nos homens e na mão direita. Quanto aos dois pontos de aplicação da carga, a força foi sempre maior no ponto proximal, tanto para o polegar, como para o quinto dedo. A avaliação geral do desempenho do aparelho mostrou que ele é versátil, fornecendo informações confiáveis para as mãos direitas e esquerdas de todos os tamanhos. / The strength of the Abductor pollicis brevis and Abductor digiti quinti muscles may serve as a parameter to the evaluation of the median and ulnar nerve function, respectively. A device was developed especially for carrying out measurements of the strength of those muscles in hands of different sizes with the same efficiency. The device was built entirely with easily obtained low cost materials, including steel, solid brass, aluminium and duralumin, and consists of a metal base provided with a rigid colunm for fixation of a resistive type strength transducer (load cell) and a hand stand to keep the hand still while in test. Accessories were built according to a previous anthropometric measurement of both thumb and fifth fingers of volunteers, so as to be coupled onto the load cell and allow for the evaluation of the strength of different size hands. The load cell was calibrated. Once ready, the final prototype was used to measure the strength of the APB and AbDQ muscles in 42 volunteers, being 20 women and 22 men, whose inclusion criterion was the total absence of any pathology in the upper limbs. Two points of load application were selected, being one proximal, at the level of the proximal phalanx, and another one distal, at the level of the distal phalanx. Three measurements were taken for each point of load application for both muscles, an average value being obtained for use in the statistical analysis of the results, which showed that the strength was consistantly greater in men and in the right hand. As refers to the different points of load application, the strength was always greater at the proximal point, both for the thumb and the fifth finger. The overall evaluation of performance of the prototype showed that it is versatile, supplying reliable information for all size hands.

Title: The immediate effect of Russian electrical stimulation on m. abductor hallucis on postural stability in women with dysfunction of hallux valgus Objectives: The aim of this diploma theses is to investigate the immediate effect of Russian eletrical stimulation on m. abductor hallucis on postural stability in women with mild or moderate dysfunction of hallux valgus. Methods: This is an experimental pilot study in which 16 women aged 23-28 years participated. The entry criteria for participation in the research were: mild or moderate dysfunction of hallux valgus according to the Manchester scale, angle of hallux valgus ≥ 15ř at least on one lower limb. Probands could not participate in the research if: they completed a rehabilitation program to affect hallux valgus deformity, underwent surgery for hallux valgus deformity, suffered an injury of the lower limbs in the last six months before the start of the research or if they were pregnant. The examination of postural stability took place in the Kinesiology Laboratory of FTVS UK on the NeuroCom SMART EquiTest System posturograph. The following tests were selected: Sensory Organization Test, Motor Control Test, Weight Bearing Squat and Limits of Stability test. Russian stimulation was applied on the abductor hallucis muscle of both lower limbs...

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in amplitude between M-response from m. Abductor pollicis brevis/m. Pronator quadratus and m. Abductor pollicis brevis/m. Abductor digiti minimi on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, compared with control subjects. We wanted to see if m. Pronator quadratus is a better alternative than m. Abductor digiti minimi as comparison with m. Abductor pollicis brevis on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.</p><p>Nerve conduction studies were performed on 20 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and on 31 healthy subjects.</p><p>The test-retest result shows that this method was reproducible. The amplitude difference of m. Abductor pollicis brevis-m. Abductor digiti minimi, for the patients, was 1,5mV lower and the amplitude for m. Abductor pollicis brevis-m. Pronator quadratus was 2mV lower than for healthy subjects. Two of the patients were outside the 2SD for the m. Abductor pollicis brevis-m. Pronator quadratus difference but not on the m. Abductor pollicis brevis-m. Abductor digiti minimi. This may indicate that m. Pronator quadratus was better than m. Abductor digiti minimi in the comparison with the m. Abductor pollicis brevis amplitude.</p>

The Gluteus Medius and the Tensor Fascia Lata are two of the main muscles involved in the action of hip abduction. This action is important for both dynamic movements in athletic pursuits and in every day ambulation. Weakness in these muscles has been connected to multiple injuries in the lower limb, but the question of the casual relationship between gait change, hip abductor weakness, and lower limb injury is still up for debate. As presented by the current research, younger populations tend to have overuse injuries with females having a greater susceptibility for injuries connected to hip abductor weakness, and older populations tend to have injures related to atrophy and degeneration of either the hip abductor muscles or the joint surrounding the hip. Research in this field has increasingly focused on sub-sets of the populations, such as just females or just males, trying to pinpoint the role that hip abductor weakness plays in these injuries. By trying to minimize or even eliminate the confounding variables that have previously made it difficult to determine the role hip abductor weakness plays in these gait changes and injuries, these studies have been able to make more clear conclusions at the expense of making a broader generalization. Similarities and differences between how the sub-groups present with hip abductor weakness are discussed, as well as discrepancies observed within the research done on similar cohorts. Future directions for research in this field are discussed, as well as implications for clinical implementation of targeted rehabilitation programs to ensure the best possible outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in amplitude between M-response from m. Abductor pollicis brevis/m. Pronator quadratus and m. Abductor pollicis brevis/m. Abductor digiti minimi on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, compared with control subjects. We wanted to see if m. Pronator quadratus is a better alternative than m. Abductor digiti minimi as comparison with m. Abductor pollicis brevis on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Nerve conduction studies were performed on 20 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and on 31 healthy subjects. The test-retest result shows that this method was reproducible. The amplitude difference of m. Abductor pollicis brevis-m. Abductor digiti minimi, for the patients, was 1,5mV lower and the amplitude for m. Abductor pollicis brevis-m. Pronator quadratus was 2mV lower than for healthy subjects. Two of the patients were outside the 2SD for the m. Abductor pollicis brevis-m. Pronator quadratus difference but not on the m. Abductor pollicis brevis-m. Abductor digiti minimi. This may indicate that m. Pronator quadratus was better than m. Abductor digiti minimi in the comparison with the m. Abductor pollicis brevis amplitude.

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