Ce Mémoire de maîtrise tentera de combler un vide historiographique dans l'histoire de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue, et plus particulièrement dans l'histoire de la ville de Senneterre, entre les annés 1950 et 1988. Cette période correspond aux années d'opération de la station-radar RCAF Senneterre et marque l'apogée de cette petite ville à bien des niveaux : économique, démographique, socioculturel et sportif. Il s'agit également d'une époque (plus particulièrement les années 50 et 60) où la dynamique ethnique de Senneterre est complètement bouleversée : plus de trois cent militaires, majoritairement anglophones et protestants viennent s'établir au Mont-Bell, à quatre kilomètres du bastion francophone et catholique qu'est Senneterre. Et non seulement ils y habitent pendant plus de trente ans, mais ils participent activement au nouveau dynamisme et à l'effervescence qui s'emparent de Seneterre. Nous examinerons donc le fonctionnement paramilitaire de la station-radar, mais également les impacts de sa présence et les interactions qu'elle engendre avec sa communauté hôtesse, la ville de Senneterre. Bref, ce Mémoire n'aborde pas simplement un sujet se limitant à l'histoire locale, mais offre plutôt un regard sur les effets d'un conflit global sur une petite municipalité du nord-ouest québécois dans un contexte d'après-guerre et de grands changements sociaux dans la province.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire (M.E.S.R.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. / Comprend des réf. bibliogr. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

The syenite-hosted Young-Davidson (YD) gold deposit is located at the western extension of the Cadillac-Larder-Lake deformation zone (CLLDZ), southwest of Kirkland Lake, in the southern Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada. Gold is predominantly hosted by syenite, and to a lesser extent by Timiskaming sedimentary rocks and mafic volcanic rocks in veins and/or small pervasively altered shear zones related to the CLLDZ. Historical gold production was mainly from quartz veins and disseminated pyrite hosted in altered syenite. Recent drilling by AuRico Gold Corporation (formerly Northgate Minerals Co.) has expanded the underground resource to 14.6 million tonnes (measured and indicated) at an average grade of 2.03 g/t Au and an underground reserve of 39.1 million tonnes (proven and probable) at an average grade of 2.79 g/t Au, where most of the gold is hosted in the syenite. Three generations of veins have been identified based on crosscutting relationships mapped at an underground ore crosscut: V1 boudinaged iron-carbonate veins, V2 folded quartz-pyrite veinlets and V3 planar quartz-carbonate veins. Structural characterization of the vein sets indicates that V2 and V3 extensional vein arrays developed during the D2 deformation, which generated the steeply dipping east-west striking penetrative S2 foliation that is found elsewhere along the CLLDZ. Petrographic analysis of mineralized syenite shows that native gold grains are most abundant in zones of intense potassic-hematite-pyrite alteration as inclusions and along cracks in vein-related and disseminated pyrite. Volcanic-hosted gold is mainly located in quartz-iron-carbonate veins hosted in narrow sheared and pervasively albite-iron-carbonate-pyrite altered volcanic rocks. Whole rock lithogeochemical analyses and mass balance calculations show that mineralized syenite is characterized by enrichments in K, S, Na, Ba and W whereas mineralized volcanic rocks are characterized by strong enrichments in Na, Al, Si, K, Fe, S, Ba and W. Geochemical contouring of 279 analyses of drill core along two N-S sections through the YD syenite show broad cross section scale correlation of gold mineralization with K2O, S and Ba. Sulfur is the most strongly correlated with gold mineralization; however, the most intense sulfidation is generally coincident with zones containing coarse altered feldspars and a fine-grained groundmass of iron-carbonate, Na- and K-feldspar and minor quartz. Bulk sulfur isotopic analyses of syenite-hosted pyrite grains indicate that the dominant source of sulfur is magmatic but there is also a component that has interacted with the reduced Archean atmosphere. Pyrite grains in syenite and volcanic rocks contain up to 15,000 ppm Co, 4,000 ppm Ni and 4,200 ppm As. Chemical mapping of Co, Ni and As from different vein associated pyrite grains show: 1) Arsenic in pyrite is low, < 1,000 ppm; 2) Pyrite shows Co-Ni zoning and gold in V1 vein pyrite is associated with Co-Ni rich pyrite overgrowths of earlier corroded pyrite grains; 3) gold along fractures in V2 vein pyrite is also associated with Co-Ni enrichment; and 4) gold in V3 veins crosscuts Co-Ni patterns in pyrite, which suggests that the V3 style of mineralization has precipitated by different mechanisms. Pyrite mapping combined with alteration assemblages, mineralization characteristics and mineral chemistry suggests that the syenite-hosted mineralization has formed from interaction between multiple fluids with distinct physicochemical conditions. The proposed formational model for the Young-Davidson deposit is of fluid mixing between magmatic and metamorphic fluids during the deformation events that generated the extensive veining systems at Young-Davidson.

The syenite-hosted Young-Davidson (YD) gold deposit is located at the western extension of the Cadillac-Larder-Lake deformation zone (CLLDZ), southwest of Kirkland Lake, in the southern Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada. Gold is predominantly hosted by syenite, and to a lesser extent by Timiskaming sedimentary rocks and mafic volcanic rocks in veins and/or small pervasively altered shear zones related to the CLLDZ. Historical gold production was mainly from quartz veins and disseminated pyrite hosted in altered syenite. Recent drilling by AuRico Gold Corporation (formerly Northgate Minerals Co.) has expanded the underground resource to 14.6 million tonnes (measured and indicated) at an average grade of 2.03 g/t Au and an underground reserve of 39.1 million tonnes (proven and probable) at an average grade of 2.79 g/t Au, where most of the gold is hosted in the syenite. Three generations of veins have been identified based on crosscutting relationships mapped at an underground ore crosscut: V1 boudinaged iron-carbonate veins, V2 folded quartz-pyrite veinlets and V3 planar quartz-carbonate veins. Structural characterization of the vein sets indicates that V2 and V3 extensional vein arrays developed during the D2 deformation, which generated the steeply dipping east-west striking penetrative S2 foliation that is found elsewhere along the CLLDZ. Petrographic analysis of mineralized syenite shows that native gold grains are most abundant in zones of intense potassic-hematite-pyrite alteration as inclusions and along cracks in vein-related and disseminated pyrite. Volcanic-hosted gold is mainly located in quartz-iron-carbonate veins hosted in narrow sheared and pervasively albite-iron-carbonate-pyrite altered volcanic rocks. Whole rock lithogeochemical analyses and mass balance calculations show that mineralized syenite is characterized by enrichments in K, S, Na, Ba and W whereas mineralized volcanic rocks are characterized by strong enrichments in Na, Al, Si, K, Fe, S, Ba and W. Geochemical contouring of 279 analyses of drill core along two N-S sections through the YD syenite show broad cross section scale correlation of gold mineralization with K2O, S and Ba. Sulfur is the most strongly correlated with gold mineralization; however, the most intense sulfidation is generally coincident with zones containing coarse altered feldspars and a fine-grained groundmass of iron-carbonate, Na- and K-feldspar and minor quartz. Bulk sulfur isotopic analyses of syenite-hosted pyrite grains indicate that the dominant source of sulfur is magmatic but there is also a component that has interacted with the reduced Archean atmosphere. Pyrite grains in syenite and volcanic rocks contain up to 15,000 ppm Co, 4,000 ppm Ni and 4,200 ppm As. Chemical mapping of Co, Ni and As from different vein associated pyrite grains show: 1) Arsenic in pyrite is low, < 1,000 ppm; 2) Pyrite shows Co-Ni zoning and gold in V1 vein pyrite is associated with Co-Ni rich pyrite overgrowths of earlier corroded pyrite grains; 3) gold along fractures in V2 vein pyrite is also associated with Co-Ni enrichment; and 4) gold in V3 veins crosscuts Co-Ni patterns in pyrite, which suggests that the V3 style of mineralization has precipitated by different mechanisms. Pyrite mapping combined with alteration assemblages, mineralization characteristics and mineral chemistry suggests that the syenite-hosted mineralization has formed from interaction between multiple fluids with distinct physicochemical conditions. The proposed formational model for the Young-Davidson deposit is of fluid mixing between magmatic and metamorphic fluids during the deformation events that generated the extensive veining systems at Young-Davidson.

Boiser les terres agricoles abandonnées (friches) est une méthode autorisée par le Protocole de Kyoto pour créer des puits de CO₂ et ainsi réduire la concentration de CO₂ atmosphérique. Il se trouve que l'Abitibi-Ouest offre le plus grand potentiel de boisement des friches au Québec avec ses 51 000 hectares de friches. Or, avant d'enclencher tout projet de boisement, il est essentiel d'évaluer si le boisement procure de réels bénéfices en termes de séquestration de carbone dans une perspective de lutte aux changements climatiques; il s'agit donc du but de cette étude. Pour ce faire, des mesures pédologiques et de la biomasse ont été effectuées de juin à septembre 2019 dans la région de l'Abitibi dans 26 friches naturelles sur lesquelles une succession végétale naturelle s'est installée, et 23 friches plantées en épinette blanche. Le premier objectif a été de reconstruire la chronoséquence de succession végétale dans les friches laissées à l'état naturel. Le deuxième objectif était de comparer l'accumulation du carbone dans le temps dans les principaux réservoirs (végétation, sol) des friches naturelles et plantées. Ainsi, il a été observé que sur un horizon d'environ cinq décennies, les friches plantées stockent 2 fois plus de carbone dans la végétation, tandis que les friches naturelles stockent 2 fois plus de carbone dans le sol. Au final, la quantité totale de carbone stockée (végétation et sol) par les friches plantées en épinette blanche est la même que pour les friches laissées à la succession naturelle. Cette étude permettra d'orienter la prise de décision quant à l'utilisation du boisement des friches en Abitibi, et met en lumière le fait que d'autres objectifs d'aménagement que la séquestration de carbone devraient être considérés. Les résultats obtenus alimenteront également la réflexion sur la pertinence du boisement comme outil de lutte aux changements climatiques que ce soit au niveau provincial, national ou mondial. / Afforesting abandoned agricultural lands (fallow lands) is a method authorized by the Kyoto Protocol to create CO₂ sinks and thus reduce atmospheric CO₂. It turns out that Abitibi-Ouest offers the greatest potential for afforestation of fallow lands in Quebec with its 51 000 hectares of fallow land. However, before starting any afforestation project, it is essential to assess whether afforestation provides real benefits in terms of carbon sequestration and therefore contribute to climate change mitigation. The purpose of this study is therefore to document these benefits. To do this, soil and biomass measurements were carried out from June to September 2019 in the Abitibi-Ouest region in 26 fallow lands with natural plant succession, and 23 afforested fallow lands in white spruce. The first objective was to reconstruct the chronosequence of plant succession on fallow lands left to natural vegetation. The second objective was to compare the carbon accumulation over time in the main pools (vegetation, soil) of natural and afforested fallow lands. It has been observed that over a 50-year horizon, afforested fallow lands stored twice as much carbon in vegetation, while natural fallow lands stored twice as much carbon in the soil. Overall, the total amount of carbon stored (including both vegetation and soil) was similar between afforested fallow lands and those left to natural succession. This study will guide decisionmaking on the use of afforestation of fallow lands in Abitibi and highlights the fact that other management objectives than carbon sequestration should be considered. The results obtained will also fuel reflection on the relevance of afforestation as a tool to fight climate change, whether at the provincial, national or global level.

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)-feathermoss forests are a common subtype of the northern boreal forests. These forests are associated with large accumulations of mor humus, which is regarded as an important source of nutrients, contributor to soil structure, moisture retention and vital to the long-term sustainability of these forests. Harvesting with protection of advance regeneration (CPRS) is currently used in northwestern Quebec as the method for sustainable management, which reduces soil compaction and protects advance regeneration, and genetic diversity. We examined the effects of CPRS on organic matter and advance regeneration 6 years after harvesting. During the summer of 2002, a humus classification based on observable field characteristics was developed and applied to six CPRS sites in the northern Abitibi claybelt region of Quebec. At each site 75 humus profiles were surveyed and classified by order and thickness of horizons present. Humus horizons were easily observed using morphological features, and master horizon classes were distinguished by their nutritional and biochemical attributes with differences occurring as a result of the natural process of decomposition. Individual humus horizon and total profile thickness was the variable that most affected profile nutrient mass. High forest floor disturbance was associated with shallow profile depth, resulting in low humus profile nutrient mass and low density advance regeneration. Lower forest floor disturbance resulted in deeper profiles associated with higher available nutrients in humus profiles and higher density of advance regeneration. These results suggest that disturbance caused by harvesting may reduce overall stand productivity in the short term due to the effect of low tree density and possibly in the long-term due to loss of nutrients.

No description available.

The presence of mosses in black spruce forests is known to have an important impact on the availability and abundance of nutrients in this ecosystem. Mosses contribute to long-term accumulation of organic matter and storage of nutrients as well as to short-term nutrient release. In the boreal forest of northwestern Quebec, the effect of mosses on nutrient cycling was examined within the framework of a chronosequence ranging from 25 to 300 years of age. Laboratory and buried bag incubations, total nutrient digests, respirometric and root abundance measurements as well as moisture and temperature measurements were done to characterize the nutritional status of the organic matter profiles. In general, no change in moss accumulation, or nutrient storage or availability across the chronosequence could be detected. There were, however, differences between feather mosses and Sphagnum mosses, the latter having significantly lower levels of nutrients than the former in terms of mineralizable nitrogen and total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium content. The nutritional profile of moss cores showed different horizons, reflecting differences in organic matter quality down the organic layer. More specifically, nitrogen availability on a concentration basis as well as root abundance decreased with depth. Forest floor temperature seemed to confine the most biologically active horizon, referred to as the active layer, to a shallow depth, however neither temperature nor moisture seemed to explain the nutritional differences between feather mosses and Sphagnum mosses. These results may lead to practical consequences in that they show a clear distinction between the effects of feather mosses and Sphagnum mosses in nutrient cycling, suggesting that moss cover, might be useful as an indicator of site nutritional status. The results also show that accumulation of nutrients in organic surface horizons, as has been observed elsewhere, does not appear to occur in blac

No description available.