The seasonal and diurnal concentrations of atmospheric carbonyls were measured by the LpDNPH-Cartridge and the microcomputer air sampling device at Nan-Chie and Hsiung-Kong sites in Kaohsiung area. Then, factor analysis and absolute principal component analysis were also used to determine the source apportionment in Kaohsiung area. Total concentrations of carbonyls were higher in Summer than in winter at Nan-Chie and Hsiung-Kong sites. Measurements showed that the highest carbonyls were formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, due to the fact that photochemical activities are stronger in summer than in winter. The concentrations of total carbonyls, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde were showed similar diurnal variations, that highest concentrations were found in the morning and noon, then drop down at afternoon and increased at night. Due to the fact that photochemical activities and vehicle exhausts. C1-C3 ratio indicated the local participation of anthropogenic hydrocarbons was important in the production of carbonyls in the Kaohsiung area. C1/C2 was highest in the summer than in the winter, that photochemical activities cause highest concentrations of formaldehyde, especially in the summer noon. The results of factor analysis and absolute principal component analysis showed that the primary pollution sources at Nan-Chie were traffic exhausts (diesel and gasoline vehicle) and stationary sources (petrochemical and food industry) and restaurant emissions, and the primary pollution sources at Hsiung-Kong were traffic exhausts (diesel and gasoline vehicle), stationary emissions (metal assembly and petrochemical industry) and restaurant emissions.