Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataCTSF_TESE_1-81.pdf: 4666386 bytes, checksum: 75d1cdda6a2cab121f77f0774f7de4e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-14 / There are a number of damaging mechanisms that various materials can suffer in service. However, when working with polymer composite materials, this is something that requires analysis, especially when exposed to adverse environmental conditions. Thus, the objective of the present thesis is the study of the direct influence of environmental aging and the form of hybridization of the reinforcement woven on the structural stability, surfacedegradation and fracture process of polymer composites laminates. For this, the development of two polymer composite laminates was necessary, where one of them was reinforced with a bi-directional woven with hybrid strandsofkevlar-49/glass-Efibers, and the other also with a bi-directionalwoven, however with weft and warpformed of alternating strandsof Kevlar-49 fibers and glass-E fiber The reinforcementwoven are industrially manufactured. Both laminates use a polyester resin as a matrixand are made up of four layers each. All laminates were industrially prepared by the hand lay-up method of manufacturing. To do this, test specimens were manufactured of the respective laminates and submitted to environmental aging accelerated through the aging chamber. They were exposed to alternating cycles of UV radiation and moisture (heated steam) for a standard defined period. At the end of the exposure period the specimens were subjected to mechanical tests of uniaxial tensile and bending in three points and to the characterizationsof the fracture and surface deterioration. In addition, they were submitted to a structural degradation assessment by the measurement of mass variation technique (MMVT) and the measurement of thickness variation technique (MTVT), this last technique being developed in this thesis. At the end of the analysis it was observed that the form of hybridization of the reinforcement woven and the aging process directly influence with losses or gain in mechanical properties, with losses in the structural degradation and in the formation and propagation of damage mechanism of the developedcomposite laminates / S?o v?rios os mecanismos de danos que os diversos materiais podem sofrer em servi?o. No entanto, ao se trabalhar com os materiais comp?sitos polim?ricos isso ? algo que necessita de an?lises principalmente quando expostos a condi??es ambientais adversas. Logo, a respectiva tese objetiva o estudo da influ?ncia direta do envelhecimento ambiental e da forma de hibridiza??o dos tecidos de refor?o no comportamento mec?nico, degrada??o estrutural (dimensional e de massa) de laminados comp?sitos polim?ricos. Para tanto se fez necess?rio o desenvolvimento de dois laminados comp?sitos polim?ricos, onde um deles ? refor?ado com um tecido bidirecional com mecha h?brida de fibras de kevlar-49/vidro-E e o outro com um tecido tamb?m bidirecional, por?m com trama e urdume formadas com mechas alternadas de fibras kevlar-49 e fibras de vidro-E. Os tecidos de refor?o s?o de fabrica??o industrial. Ambos os laminados utilizam como matriz a resina de poli?ster, sendo constitu?dos de quatro camadas cada. Todos os laminados foram confeccionados industrialmente pelo m?todo de fabrica??o handlay-up. Desta forma, foram fabricados corpos de provas (CP s) dos respectivos laminados e submetidos ao envelhecimento ambiental acelerado atrav?s da c?mara de envelhecimento. Os mesmos foram expostos aos ciclos alternados de radia??o UV e umidade (vapor aquecido) por um per?odo definido em norma. Ao t?rmino do per?odo de exposi??o os CP s foram submetidos aos ensaios mec?nicos de tra??o uniaxial e flex?o em tr?s pontos e ?s caracteriza??es da fratura e da deteriora??o superficial. Al?m disso, foram submetidos ? avalia??o da degrada??o estrutural mediante a t?cnica de media??o de varia??o de massa (TMVM) e a t?cnica de medi??o de varia??o de espessura (TMVE), sendo essa ?ltima desenvolvida nesta tese. Ao t?rmino das an?lises foi observado que a forma de hibridiza??o dos tecidos de refor?o e o processo de envelhecimento influenciam diretamente, seja com perdas ou ganho naspropriedades mec?nicas, com perdas na degrada??o estrutural e na forma??o e propaga??o do mecanismo de dano dos laminados comp?sitos desenvolvidos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioRLT_TESE_Capa_ate_pag58.pdf: 1954386 bytes, checksum: d88b3653eaeaeec9f2c0ce6f5549f9ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The growing demand in the use of composite materials necessitates a better understanding of its behavior related to many conditions of loading and service, as well as under several ways of connections involved in mechanisms of structural projects. Within these project conditions are highlighted the presence of geometrical discontinuities in the area of cross and longitudinal sections of structural elements and environmental conditions of work like UV radiation, moisture, heat, leading to a decrease in final mechanical response of the material. In this sense, this thesis aims to develop studies detailed (experimental and semi-empirical models) the effects caused by the presence of geometric discontinuity, more specifically, a central hole in the longitudinal section (with reduced cross section) and the influence of accelerated environmental aging on the mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of FGRP composite laminates under the action of uniaxial tensile loads. Studies on morphological behavior and structural degradation of composite laminates are performed by macroscopic and microscopic analysis of affected surfaces, in addition to evaluation by the Measurement technique for mass variation (TMVM). The accelerated environmental aging conditions are simulated by aging chamber. To study the simultaneous influence of aging/geometric discontinuity in the mechanical properties of composite laminates, a semiempirical model is proposed and called IE/FCPM Model. For the stress concentration due to the central hole, an analisys by failures criteria were performed by Average-Stress Criterion (ASC) and Point-Stress Criterion (PSC). Two polymeric composite laminates, manufactured industrially were studied: the first is only reinforced by short mats of fiberglass-E (LM) and the second where the reinforced by glass fiber/E comes in the form of bidirectional fabric (LT). In the conception configurations of laminates the anisotropy is crucial to the final mechanical response of the same. Finally, a comparative study of all parameters was performed for a better understanding of the results. How conclusive study, the characteristics of the final fracture of the laminate under all conditions that they were subjected, were analyzed. These analyzes were made at the macroscopic level (scanner) microscope (optical and scanning electron). At the end of the analyzes, it was observed that the degradation process occurs similarly for each composite researched, however, the LM composite compared to composite LT (configurations LT 0/90? and LT ?45?) proved to be more susceptible to loss of mechanical properties in both regarding with the central hole as well to accelerated environmental aging / A crescente demanda na utiliza??o dos materiais comp?sitos torna imprescind?vel uma melhor compreens?o do seu comportamento frente ?s mais diversas condi??es de carga e servi?o, bem como sob as variadas formas de conex?es envolvendo mecanismos nos projetos estruturais. Dentro dessas condi??es de projeto destaque se faz para a presen?a de descontinuidades geom?tricas na ?rea de se??es transversal e ou longitudinal dos elementos estruturais, assim como, condi??es ambientais de servi?o como a radia??o UV, a umidade, o calor, que levam a um decr?scimo na resposta mec?nica final do material. Neste sentido, essa tese tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de estudos (experimental e modelos semi-emp?ricos) detalhados dos efeitos causados pela presen?a de descontinuidade geom?trica, mais especificamente um furo conc?ntrico na se??o longitudinal (com redu??o da se??o transversal), assim como, da influ?ncia do envelhecimento ambiental acelerado nas propriedades mec?nicas e mecanismo de fratura de laminados comp?sitos de PRFV sob a a??o de cargas uniaxiais de tra??o. Estudos referentes ao comportamento morfol?gico e de degrada??o estrutural dos laminados comp?sitos s?o realizados, atrav?s de an?lises macrosc?picas e microsc?picas das superf?cies afetadas, al?m da avalia??o mediante a T?cnica de Media??o de Varia??o de Massa (TMVM). As condi??es de envelhecimento ambiental acelerado ser?o simuladas atrav?s da c?mara de envelhecimento. Para avalia??o da influ?ncia simult?nea do envelhecimento/descontinuidade geom?trica nas propriedades mec?nicas dos laminados comp?sitos, um modelo semi-empirico ? proposto e denominado de Modelo IE/FCPM. Para o caso da presen?a da concentra??o de tens?o devido ao furo conc?ntrico, a mesma ? avaliada a partir do uso dos crit?rios de falhas da Tens?o M?dia (Average-Stress Criterion) e da Tens?o Pontual (Point-Stress Criterion). Dois laminados comp?sitos polim?ricos, confeccionados industrialmente, foram estudados: o primeiro ? unicamente refor?ado com mantas de fibras curtas de vidro/E (LM) e o segundo onde o refor?o de fibras de vidro/E vem na forma de tecido bidirecional (LT). Na concep??o das configura??es dos laminados a presen?a da anisotropia ? fundamental para a resposta mec?nica final dos mesmos. Por fim, um estudo comparativo entre todos os par?metros foi realizado para uma melhor compreens?o dos resultados. Como estudo conclusivo, as caracter?sticas da fratura final dos laminados sob todas as condi??es que os mesmos foram submetidos, foram analisadas. Essas an?lises foram feitas em n?veis macrosc?pico (scanner) microsc?pico (?ptico e eletr?nico de varredura). Ao t?rmino das an?lises foi observado que o processo de degrada??o se d? de forma semelhante para cada comp?sito pesquisado, no entanto, o laminado comp?sito LM quando comparado ?s configura??es LT 0/90? e LT ?45? do laminado comp?sito LT, se mostrou mais suscept?vel a perda de propriedades mec?nicas tanto em rela??o ? presen?a do furo conc?ntrico como em rela??o ao envelhecimento ambiental acelerado