The object of the diploma thesis was to solve and to describe the influence of cement sands moulds on the structure of castings with cast iron LKG. The work was intent on watching the tendency of cement sands to the metal penetration of castings, rising of the compounds on the metal mould interface and liquid metal and accompanies elements on the shape of the graphite in the surface of casting. The study of this processes has a big theoretical and a practical meaning, for prevent and prediction of rising of the defects that are attached with unsuitable choice of sand.